廣州英語滬教牛津版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit2講義和練習(xí)

1、Unit 2 Numbers1. 許下/違背諾言_ 2. the rest of_3. 開始意識(shí)到_ 4. A long time ago_5. 從那以后_ 6. play chess_7. copy down_ 8. follow ones advice_9. 發(fā)生_ 10. 想要做某事_11. 不但而且_ 12. make sb do sth_13. 禁不住做某事_ 14. make good use of_15. 命令某人做某事_ 16. all year around_Step One Reading& Listening1. Check some Maths problems

2、. 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】(1) check 及物動(dòng)詞，“檢查，核實(shí)”(2) 【拓展】 check 的相關(guān)短語(3) check in_ check out_ check up_ I will meet Jane at the station, please _ what time she will arrive. A. count B. choose C. check D. Catch(2)problem 可數(shù)名詞，“問題，難題”辨析：problem 與questionproblem多指有待解決的問題，特別是疑難的問題或令人疑惑的事，人或情況。常與work out和solve 等搭配solve the

3、 problem 解決問題deal with the problem 處理問題question意思相對(duì)廣泛，指需要解決或解答的具體問題。常與ask 和answer 搭配ask questions 問問題answer the question 回答這個(gè)問題【拓展】（1）have problems in doing sth. 做某事有困難（2） _. 沒問題。The food safety is a serious _ in our country. We should try to solve it. A. subject B. program C. problem D. question2.

4、The kings favourite game was chess. 【考點(diǎn)聚焦】favourite “最喜歡的”，通常位于名詞前作定語, 沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式，在含義上相當(dāng)于_Whats sbs favourite. ? =_?【拓展】也可用作名詞，意為“最喜歡的人或物”This book is my favourite. 3. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. (1)one day “某一天，有一天”辨析：one day與some dayone day （過

5、去）有一天，（將來）某一天，用于過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)some day （將來）總有一天，只用于將來時(shí)E.g. I think, my dream will come true_。E.g. _ the old man was very ill. （2）challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑戰(zhàn). 【拓展】challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑戰(zhàn)做某事，激勵(lì)某人做某事 完成句子1. 你為什么要檢查臥室呢？Why do you _ the bedroom?2. 聰明的人總是能及時(shí)的解決難題。Someone who is _always solve the _ in time

6、. 3. 你想向他挑戰(zhàn)嗎？Do you want to _ him?4. 這張書桌大約100厘米長The desk about100_ _. 4. The King promised the old man, “ You can have any prize if you win the game. ”（1）promise sb. sth. =_. She promised me the book. promise to do sth. They promised_（come）to the party on time. promise也可以作名詞，make a promise意為“_”如： M

7、y mother made a promise to buy a new bike for me. ( ) He promised _ old friend during his stay in Tianjin. A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see（2）if，意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。表示在某條件下，某事很可能發(fā)生。如：If you ask him，he will help you. 如果你請(qǐng)他幫忙，他會(huì)幫你的。 ( Part A) ( Part B)上述的Part A為條件狀語從句，Part B 為主句。從句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。當(dāng)從句置于主

8、句前時(shí)，從句后就加逗號(hào)。如：He will help you if you ask him. 【拓展】 If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句（1）引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if, 常用的if條件狀語從句表示在某種條件下，某件事很可能發(fā)生，條件是可能存在的，主句中某種情況發(fā)生的概率也是很高的。E.g. If you ask him, he will help you. E.g. If you have finished the homework you can go home. （2）另外，If從句還可以表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不存在的條件，也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設(shè)。從句多用一般過去或過去完成時(shí)，表示

9、對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去的一種假設(shè)。E.g. If I were you, I would invite him to the party. E.g. I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic. 另外還要注意if條件句的時(shí)態(tài)搭配有以下幾種情況：（1） if 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般將來時(shí)，e.g. If he runs, hell get there in time. （2）if 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用may/might/can, E.g. If it stops snowing, we can

10、 go out. (3) if 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用must/should, E.g. If you want to lose weight, you must/should eat less bread. (4) if 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，E.g. If you heat ice, it turns to water. （也可用will turn） (5) if 從句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句用一般將來時(shí)，E.g. If you are looking for Peter, youll find him upstairs. （6） if 從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主句用一般將來時(shí)，E.g

11、. If you have finished dinner, Ill ask the waiter for the bill. 巧記if用法口訣：If條件句不一般，幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)記心間；條件句，放在前，逗號(hào)要放句中間。條件句表可能，主句多用將來時(shí)；條件句表事實(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。單項(xiàng)選擇( ) 1. If there_ no buying and selling of animals, there_ no killing in nature. A. is; will he B. will be; will be C. is; is D. will be; is( ) 2. _, I'll go

12、 shopping alone. A. If she comes B. If she won't come C. If she doesn't come ( ) 3. The students _ have a sports meeting this weekend if it _. A. wont; rains B. will; rains C. wont; will rain D. are going to; is going to rain( ) 4. If you _ to the party, youll have a great time A. will go B.

13、 went C. go D. going ( ) 5. What are you going to do tomorrow? -Well go to the library tomorrow if it _. A. isnt rain B. rain C. wont rain D. doesnt rain( ) 6. What will you do if you _ to the old folks home visit? A. go B. went C. going D. will go ( ) 7. If I eat _ food, Ill be very fat. A. too man

14、yB. many too C. too much D. much too ( ) 8. Ill give the book to him if he _ here next Sunday. A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came 5. And then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares. rest 此處用作名詞，“剩余部分”，the rest 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要視作具體情況而定，如果所指代的為可數(shù)名詞，則視為復(fù)數(shù)；如果所指代的為不可數(shù)名詞，則視為單數(shù)。the res

15、t of. “. 的剩余部分”，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞形式。One of the books _written in Chinese, and the rest _in English. The rest of the money_ donated to charities. 6. Wouldt you like gold or silver instead?難道你不想要金子或銀子代替？instead副詞，意為“代替；頂替”。She is very busy. Lets go_. Ill read newspapers _seeing a film. 辨析：instead

16、 與instead ofinstead 副詞，代替，頂替，相反 ，位于名首或句末instead of 介詞短語，“代替，而不是”，后接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞 instead of doing sth. 代替做某事7. he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares! （1）enough此處用作形容詞，意為“_”?？山涌蓴?shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。它放到名詞前面或后面都可以。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：be(not)+形容詞+enough to do sth意為“_”。 He doesnt have_ to finish the work. 他沒有

17、足夠的時(shí)間去完成這項(xiàng)工作。（2）enough做副詞時(shí)，意為“足夠地，十分”，通常用于所修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。E.g. The boy is _to lift the box. 這個(gè)男孩很強(qiáng)壯，能舉起這個(gè)箱子。8. I can teach you how to make more money if you promise to follow my advice, （1）advice不可數(shù)名詞，意為“建議”。表示“一條建議”用a/one piece of advice, 表示一些建議用_E.g. Ill give you _on how to look after your pet dog. 【

18、拓展】:（1）advice的常用搭配：Give sb. Some advice=_給某人一些建議ask for advice征求意見 _接受某人的建議（2） advise動(dòng)詞，意為“建議”，后接名詞. 代詞或v. -ing形式作賓語，也可用于advice sb. (not)to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“建議某人不要做某事”。She advice us to wait (for) one more day. 例題1. ( ) If our government_ pay attention to the safety of food, our health_ in danger. A. is

19、nt; is B. doesnt; will be C. wont; is D. isnt; will be2. ( ) My brother want to_ his classmate to a computer game. A. Is challenge B. challenge to C. challenge with D. challenge3. ( ) Would you _some bread?A. likes B. like to C likes to D. like4. ( ) I will read newspapers _ _ seeing a film. A. inst

20、ead B. instead of C. no only D. not to5. ( ) The dining hall is_ to hold 300 people. A. enough B. enough small C. small enough D. big enough6. ( ) I dont know how to keep healthy, can you give me_?A. an advice B. lots of advices C. a few advices D. some advice9. From then on he was not lazy any more

21、. Not. Any more 相當(dāng)于_, “不再”，但兩者位置不同，not. any more中not常與助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，any more位于句末；no more則位于助動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前辨析：not. any more / no more 與not. any longer/ no longernot. any more / no more 多表示數(shù)量或程度上“不再”，修飾的動(dòng)詞一般為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作不再發(fā)生not .any longer/ no longer 多表示在時(shí)間或距離上“不再”，修飾的動(dòng)詞一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作不再延續(xù)I wont play computer ga

22、mes any more. = I _computer games. She _live here_. = She no longer lives here. 10. Where the story took place. 辨析：take place 與happen 均表“發(fā)生”，_語態(tài)。take place 表示“發(fā)生，舉行”，一般指非偶然性事件的發(fā)生，即這種事件的發(fā)生有某種原因或事先的安排 happen 表示“發(fā)生，碰巧”，一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件，沒有預(yù)見性An accident _in that street. When will the basketball game_?一. 首字母

23、填空1 Whats your telephone n_?2 I am a boy. I am my parents s_. 3 Mary isnt in the classroom. Lets ask Jenny i_. 4 He seldom r_ to the e mails his friends send him. 5 Can you play c_?6 Yesterday, he _(挑戰(zhàn))me to play that game. 7 Tommy _(承諾) that he would go to school earlier the next day. 8 My teacher

24、told me that we used g_ to make flour. 9 Xuhaifeng won a g_ medal in shooting in the 1984 Olympics. 10 Mr. Wu_(命令) Simon to close the windows before the storm came. 二. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. ( ) 8, 730, 326_ a large (大的)number. A. am B. is C. are D. be2. ( ) The number 366 writes _. A. three hundreds and sixty six

25、B. three hundred and sixty sixC. three hundred and sixty-sux D. three hundred and sixty-six3. ( ) My father and I like to _ very much. A. playing the chess B. play chessC. playing chess D. play the chess4. ( ) “I cant write the words in an hour, ” he replied _ me. A. /B. to C. forD. of 5. ( ) He ord

26、ered the soldier _ outside. A. to standB. standing C. to standingD. stand三. 完成句子1. 你比大部分孩子都幸運(yùn)些，我希望你意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。You are luckier than most children, and I hope _ _ _. 2. 當(dāng)我們打網(wǎng)球時(shí)，你們其余的人做什么呢？While we are playing tennis, what will _ _ _you do ?3. 我喜歡讀書而不是跳舞。I enjoy reading _ _ _. 4. 我去過很多地方，如上海. 北京. 杭州等等。I ha

27、ve been to many places, such as Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou _ _ _. 11. They used them to count things like the days of the month, the amount of food and the number of animals they had. the number of:. 的數(shù)量(強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目)，其后接_the amount of:的數(shù)量(強(qiáng)調(diào)總量)，其后多接_名詞e.g.: the amount of snow降雪量 the amount of money錢的數(shù)量 th

28、e number of boys男孩的數(shù)量 the number of chairs 椅子的數(shù)量12. However, the could only count small numbers in this way. in this way用這種方法，這樣Only in this way can we do better in English. in the way擋道，妨礙Look, a car is in the way. on the way在路上，在途中I met my uncle on the way to school. by the way順便說一下By the way, wha

29、t time is it?13. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them around easily. so that 此處引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，“為的是，以便”，從句中常有can, could, may, might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 so that 從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成in order +that 從句 或 in order to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)I work hard so that I could finish my work on time. = I work hard _that I

30、 could finish my work on time. = I work hard_ finish my work on time. 【拓展】so that 也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，“結(jié)果，因此”，該從句前常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。It rained heavily, so that we had to stay at home. so that可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，“以便，為了”；也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，“結(jié)果，因此”The little boy saved money so that he could buy his mother a present. so. that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，“如此

31、. 以至于. ”The football fams were so excited that they cried out. Youd better take the map with you _ you wont get lost. A. as long as B. as soon as C. now that D. so that例題一. 用方框所給短語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。different ways, at first, after that, begin to, count things, so that, develp into, lead to, carry around, mad

32、e from1. Some of them still live in _. 2. What _ you _ change your mind?3. You _ all the _ to find how many there are. 4. I _ memories of my homeland _ with me. 5. _, the words didnt mean anything to Helen. 6. Their affair did not _ a lasting relationship. 7. She often has breakfast at six fifty, _

33、she goes to the factory by bus. 8. The glass is _ sand. 9. It _ snow when he came out of the warm office. 10. Miss Wang speaks aloud _ all the students can hear her. 二. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. ( ) I didnt go out on Sunday. I stayed at home _. A. howeverB. butC. insteadD. instead of2. ( ) Long ago, people wrote numbe

34、rs _ many different ways. A. atB. inC. withD. by3. ( ) I found it difficult to communicate with him _. A. at first B. first C. on firstD. to first4. ( ) Everything begins _ in spring. A. to growB. growC. growsD. grew5. ( ) Whats your sweater _ ? A. made ofB. make ofC. make fromD. made in6. ( ) Pleas

35、e open the window _ we can breathe fresh air. A. ifB. andC. so thatD. such that7. ( ) Working hard _ English can lead _ have a good job. A. at; inB. in; atC. in; forD. at; to8. ( ) I phoned again and again, but there was no _. A. answerB. questionC. telephoneD. man三. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Jenny doesnt agree to the

36、 plan. (改為同義句)Jenny _ with the plan. 2. He is too excited to do it. (改為同義句)He is _ excited _ he _ do it. 3. Return my money, please. (改為否定句)Please _ return my money. Grammar一. 基數(shù)詞（一）基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成最基本的基數(shù)詞如下表（1）1-12的構(gòu)成是獨(dú)立的單詞，無規(guī)律（2）13-19的構(gòu)成都是以-teen結(jié)尾（3）20-90之間整十?dāng)?shù)的構(gòu)成都是以-ty結(jié)尾（4）21 99的兩位數(shù)，在十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間加連字符構(gòu)成。如： 53 f

37、ifty-three（5）101999的三位數(shù)，由hundred加and再加兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù)。如：325 three hundred and twenty-five（6）100可以表示為： a/one hundred 1, 000可以表示為： a/one thousand 1, 000, 000 a/one million 1, 000, 000, 000 a/ one billion（二）基數(shù)詞的用法（1）當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million, billion等和of連用，表示粗略的數(shù)目時(shí)，須用復(fù)數(shù)。如： hundreds of people數(shù)以百計(jì)的人但如果hundred,

38、 thousand, million, billion等詞前有具體數(shù)詞或several時(shí)，須用單數(shù)： six hundred people 600人（2）表示“幾十年代”或“幾十歲”時(shí)，用逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：in the thirties在30年代 in his fifties在他50多歲時(shí)（3）與基數(shù)詞合成的復(fù)合形容詞，其中的名詞用單數(shù)。如：a three-month-old baby三個(gè)月大的嬰兒 a five-year plan一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃（4）基數(shù)詞可以表示年份. 時(shí)間. 電話號(hào)碼和年齡等。 Her telephone number is 6840530二. 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞一般以與之

39、相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾-th構(gòu)成，但要注意一些特殊形式。（一）阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞縮略式1 one first 1st 2 two second 2nd 3 three third 3rd5 five fifth 5th 8 eight eighth 8th 9 nine ninth 9th12 twelve twelfth 12th 20 twenty twentieth 20th21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st 22 twenty-two twenty-second 22nd23 twenty-three twenty-third 23 rd（二）序數(shù)詞的

40、用法作主語 e. g. The third of the month was a holiday. 注：（1）序數(shù)詞在使用時(shí)，通常前面要加定冠詞the ；但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a 或an時(shí),則表示“再", “又"。（2）序數(shù)詞前有名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)，不能加the作表語 e. g. Who was the third?作定語 e. g. We live on the fifth floor. 作賓語 e. g. I was among the first to learn of this. 作同位語 e. g. Who is that man, the fi

41、rst in the front row?作狀語 e. g. When did you first meet him?You can do it a second time. 你可以再做一次。National Day is on October the first（三）特別提示以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時(shí)，先把y變?yōu)閕, 再加-eth。其他序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)幾十幾及以上的序數(shù)詞，其中十位數(shù)或百位數(shù). 千位數(shù)等用基數(shù)詞，只有個(gè)位數(shù)才用序數(shù)詞。如： 128th: one hundred and twenty-eighth 752nd: seven hundred and fifty-second(

42、2)hundred, thousand, million的序數(shù)詞均在基數(shù)詞后加-th構(gòu)成，hundredth, thousandth, millionth三. 數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用（一）倍數(shù)表示法1. 一倍用once兩倍用twice或double。This year we have produced twice as much corn as we did last year. She is double my age. 2. 三倍或三倍以上用數(shù)詞+times，可以譯為"是. 的幾倍"；"比. 大/高/長. 幾倍"等等。 用"A is N times t

43、he size(length) of B"表示：The size of your room is five times the size of mine. 用"A is N times + 形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí) + than B"表示Your bag is twice bigger than mine. 用"A is N times as + 形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+ as B"表示Your book is three times as thick as mine. （二）分?jǐn)?shù)表示法(1)分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于1時(shí)，分母用復(fù)數(shù)。如：o

44、ne-fourth(a quarter)四分之一 two-fifths五分之二(2)分子與分母之間加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子. 分母都用基數(shù)詞。如：one in ten十分之一 four in five五分之四(3)分子與分母之間加out of, 分子在前，分母在后，分子. 分母都用基數(shù)詞，如：one out of ten十分之一 four out of five五分之四（三）小數(shù)表示法小數(shù)的表示法，小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的部分同其他數(shù)詞一樣，小數(shù)點(diǎn)用point, 小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)都把它讀成個(gè)位數(shù)， 21. 25表示為twenty-one point two five 136. 45表示為one hu

45、ndred and thirty-six point four five（四）百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法表示百分?jǐn)?shù)直接將數(shù)詞放在單詞percent前面。如：twenty percent百分之二十 seventy-five percent百分之七十五特別提示分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面不能直接跟名詞或代詞，而應(yīng)是“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 冠詞或限定詞 + 名詞或代詞”，其謂語動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如：Two-fifths of the money was spent on books. 五分之二的錢用在買書上。（五）時(shí)刻表示法1. 表示整點(diǎn) 用基數(shù)詞加o'clock構(gòu)成，o'clo

46、ck也可省略，介詞用at. 8: 00讀作：eight o'clock （或eight）2. 表示“幾點(diǎn)過幾分” 用past, 但分?jǐn)?shù)必須在半小時(shí)以內(nèi)（包括半小時(shí)）。8: 05讀作：five past eight （或eight five或eight o five）8: 15讀作：fifteen past eight（或a quarter past eight或eight fifteen）8: 30讀作：half past eight （或eight thirty）3. 表示“幾點(diǎn)差幾分” 用介詞to, 但分?jǐn)?shù)必須在半小時(shí)以上（不包括半小時(shí)）8: 40讀作：twenty to nine

47、（或eight forty）8: 45讀作：fifteen to nine（或a quarter to nine或eight forty-five）8: 55讀作：five to nine（或eight fifty-five）（六）編號(hào)表示法1. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞可以表示事物的編號(hào)。著重編號(hào)，用“名詞 + 基數(shù)詞”；著重順序，用“序數(shù)詞 + 名詞”。如：Lesson One = the first lesson第一課 Chapter Four = the fourth chapter第四章2. 電話號(hào)碼讀法。如： Tel. No. 797-7936或Telephone number797-793

48、6讀作：Telephone number seven nine seven seven nine three six3. 其他號(hào)碼讀法。如： Room 111 111房間（讀作：room one one one）Bus (No. ) 102 102路車（讀作：bus (number） one o two)page 176第176頁（讀作：page one hundred and seventy-six或page one seventy-six或page one seven six）（七）基數(shù)詞可以表示算式。加法 “加”用plus, and或 add表示；“等于”用is, make, equal

49、等詞表示. One plus two is three1+2=3 One and two is equal to three. One added to two equals three. 減法 “減“用minus或take from表示。 Nine minus three is six. 9-3=6 Take three from nine and the remainder is six. Three(taken) from nine is six. 乘法 “乘”用time（動(dòng)詞）或multiply表示。 Two times three is/are six. 2×3=6 Mul

50、tiply two by three, we get six. Two multiplied three makes six. 除法 “除”用divide的過去分詞形式表示；15÷3=5 Fifteen divided by three is five. 一. 基礎(chǔ)題( ) 1. In February, there are only _ days. A. twenty nine B. twenty-nineth C. twenty-nine D. twenty eight( ) 2. The number 4, 123 is read _. A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three( ) 3. Four _ two is two. A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by( ) 4. Three _ five is eight. A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by