中考英語完形填空解題技巧與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練10篇

1、中考英語完形填空解題技巧與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練10篇師宗縣竹基中學(xué)英語備課組“完形填空（CLOZETEST）”是云南省及曲靖市中考英語試題中固定而重要的題型。它是一種障礙性的測試題。在一定程度上考查考生的閱讀能力、邏輯推理及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力。完型填空就是給考生一篇語句連貫的短文，命題人有目的地在每隔一定數(shù)量的詞語后挖去一處詞語，形成總共10處詞語空缺，然后在相應(yīng)的空缺處設(shè)置包括二到三個干擾答案在內(nèi)的三個或四個備選答案，需要考生從這些選項(xiàng)中選出一個最佳的答案。從完型填空的命題形式來看，待填充的10個填空不是孤立存在的，而是處在一整篇文章的大背景之中的。從這個角度，完型文章實(shí)際上是由未知信息（即10處填

2、空）和已知信息（即10處填空之外的那些可以閱讀到的信息）組成的。雖然未知信息是考生看不到的，但是未知信息與已知信息之間有著各種各樣、千絲萬縷的關(guān)系，命題者之所以將10個未知信息設(shè)置在大量的已知信息之中，就是要求考生在對這些已知信息進(jìn)行充分把握和理解的基礎(chǔ)上，通過已知信息去破解未知信息。完形填空題，考查的目的是在篇章中考查考生掌握基礎(chǔ)知識、辨析詞匯的能力。完形填空對考查歸納理解、綜合思維等能力都是非常好的，有利于開發(fā)智力，把不完整的文章，通過自己的分析，變成完整的文章，這是對學(xué)生想像思維的訓(xùn)練。所以考生首先要正確對待這道題，解除心理障礙。這種題型歸納起來有如下特點(diǎn)：1.在整份試卷中所占的分值較重

3、，占1015%，長度一般在130200個單詞左右。2降低了對單詞本身的考查要求，重點(diǎn)考查考生對短文的整體理解，上下文的段落銜接，情理分析及推理判斷能力。3針對初中學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平，一般采用故事體，盡量避免專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的文章或論文體。近幾年來出現(xiàn)了以意義選擇為主、語法選擇逐漸減少的趨勢?！巴晷翁羁铡庇卸喾N形式，但它在基本設(shè)計原則上都是一致的。形式都是從短文中抽去若干詞，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，為了有助于考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，可以提供四個答案（其中包括一個正確答案），讓考生選出正確的答案；也可以給出單詞首字母完形填空，或者給出字母及單詞長度（由幾個字母組成）；也可以不給考生提供任何線索，完全憑借考生

4、對文章的理解和現(xiàn)有的語言能力完成。最常見的還是選擇型的“完形填空”?！俺樵~法”可以是有針對性地抽，也可以是隨機(jī)地抽。但目前比較流行的是對文章理解能力的考查，而不是單純對語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查?！巴晷翁羁铡币罂忌粌H要會運(yùn)用自己學(xué)過的詞匯和語法知識妥善地處理好每個單句，理解語義，還要處理好單句之間以及單句與全文之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填上，使文章完整與通順。完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)和用法區(qū)別的動詞及短語動詞；名詞和介詞；根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞；同義詞、近義詞等易混詞?？疾橐詫?shí)詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。難點(diǎn)主要集中在根據(jù)上下文作正確判斷的詞的用法上

5、。“完形填空”旨在測試考生的綜合應(yīng)用語言能力。因此，要做好“完形填空”，不僅要具備一定的詞法、句法和慣用法等語法知識，而且還要具備閱讀理解能力、綜合分析能力和運(yùn)用語言知識的實(shí)踐能力。傳統(tǒng)的完形填空（clozetest）通常是將一篇邏輯性較強(qiáng)的短文，留出若干個空，然后采用“四選一”的方法，將短文補(bǔ)充完整。它屬于客觀題型。如今的完形填空題除保留傳統(tǒng)題型的優(yōu)點(diǎn)外，還采用了選詞填空（有多余選項(xiàng)）或根據(jù)上下文補(bǔ)全對話（或短文）等主觀題型。但事實(shí)證明，完形填空通常是同學(xué)們較難把握的題型之一，且失分率較高。限于篇幅，筆者著重談?wù)効陀^題型的解法。請看一、目標(biāo)要求中考英語完形填空主要測試學(xué)生在具體語言環(huán)境中對文

6、章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思想、推理判斷、詞語辨析、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及對所學(xué)英語的綜合運(yùn)用能力、快速閱讀理解能力及邏輯推理判斷能力等。二、解題步驟在做完形填空題時，通常先弄清語境，并依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行合理的分析、判斷，才能作出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。具體可分為以下三步：1 .通覽全文，了解大意答題時，應(yīng)先越過空檔，通讀全文，理順題意，找出信息詞。這是做好完形填空題的關(guān)鍵。因?yàn)橥晷翁羁盏奶攸c(diǎn)是著眼于整體理解。我們?nèi)绻讯涛谋茸鳝h(huán)環(huán)相扣的鏈條，那么由于空格的設(shè)置，“鏈條”從第二句起有些地方就脫節(jié)了。有些同學(xué)習(xí)慣于提筆就填或邊讀邊填，急于求成，然而，欲速則不達(dá)，結(jié)果往往由于”只見樹木不見森林”而事倍功半

7、。因此我們應(yīng)該依據(jù)首句給的啟示，通過邏輯思維，借助短文中關(guān)鍵詞所提供的信息，越過空檔，盡快把全文讀完，建立語言的整體感，幫助我們了解短文大意。2 .綜合考慮，先易后難通覽全文后，認(rèn)真觀察選項(xiàng)，瞻前顧后，仔細(xì)推敲，逐項(xiàng)選定。經(jīng)過通讀全文，對短文有了整體印象。在此基礎(chǔ)上，可以根據(jù)全文大意，展開邏輯思維，分析這一空格處在句中的地位，前后的關(guān)系和它所起的作用，確定最佳答案。遇到困難，暫放一邊，先易后難，這是解題之道。當(dāng)遇到難以判斷的空檔時，不妨先放一邊，繼續(xù)往下做。因?yàn)橛行┐鸢甘潜仨毻ㄟ^下文的理解后才能作出斷定的。有時，前后信息之間還有相互提示作用。因此，當(dāng)我們遇到難題時，不能久久停留于此，這樣會浪費(fèi)

8、不必要的時間。3 .復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)，消除疏漏完成所有空檔后，還要再次通讀全文，看看這時的短文行文是否流暢，意義是否連貫，邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。復(fù)查時，可從語法入手，檢查一下句子的時態(tài)、主謂一致、代詞的性、數(shù)、格以及詞語的搭配等是否正確。凡遇疑點(diǎn)，必須根據(jù)文章的中心思想，從意義、語法的角度來仔細(xì)權(quán)衡，加以改正，彌補(bǔ)疏漏。實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥請根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容，在短文后面的四個選項(xiàng)中選擇一個能填入空白處的最佳答案。EveryyearstudentsinmanycountrieslearnEnglish.Someofthesestudentsarechildren,1studentsareyoungpeople.Whyd

9、oallthesepeoplewanttolearn2?Itisnot3toanswerthisquestion.ManyboysandgirlslearnEnglishatschool.Itisoneoftheir_4_.ManypeoplelearnEnglishbecauseitis5intheirwork.SomeyoungpeoplelearnEnglish_6theirhigherstudiesbecausesomeoftheirbooksare7_English.OtherpeoplelearnEnglishbecausetheywantto8newspapersinEnglis

10、h.SomepeoplelearnEnglishbecausetheywantto9intheUSA,EnglandorAustralia.Englishisvery10inourlife(生活).1. A.allB.theotherC.bothD.other2. A.EnglishB.ChineseC.mathsD.Japanese3. A.hardB.easyC.goodD.nice4. A.booksB.classesC.schoolsD.subjects()5. A.goodB.useful(有用的)C.fineD.pleased6. A.forB.ofC.toD.from7. A.i

11、nB.withC.atD.of8. A.lookB.seeC.lookatD.read9. A.goB.workC.likeD.come10. A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.helpful答題分三步：第一步：通覽全文通過通覽全文，便知本文講述許多人學(xué)習(xí)英語。學(xué)習(xí)英語的人年齡不同，目的各異。第二步：逐項(xiàng)填空本著先易后難的原則，先根據(jù)上下文和自己的語感，推測部分空格的可能答案。然后，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)逐一敲定。1 .選Bsome.other(s).意思是”一些另一些(泛指)"some.theother(s).意思是”一些另一些(特指)”。由語境可知，在學(xué)英語的學(xué)生中，除一部分是

12、孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。2 .選A。根據(jù)上下文可知是English。3 .選B。由文章內(nèi)容來看，人們學(xué)習(xí)英語的原因多種多樣，因此回答為什么那么多人學(xué)習(xí)英語這個問題并不容易。4 .選D。由常識可知，English是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的科目(subject)之一。5 .選B。根據(jù)前后文意可知許多人學(xué)習(xí)英語，那是因?yàn)镋nglish在他們的工作中很有用(useful)。6 .選A。本題屬于介詞用法辨析。介詞for在此可表示目的、原因。7 .選A。inEnglish是習(xí)慣搭配。8 .選D?！白x報"英語習(xí)慣說readnewspapers。9 .選B根據(jù)語境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，有些人學(xué)習(xí)英語或想出國(got

13、oacountry)或想在這些國家工作(workinacountry)。10 .選末句點(diǎn)題，”英語在我們生活中是很有幫助的(helpful)%第三步：復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)將所有答案代入空格后，重新將短文復(fù)讀一遍，如果語句通順，語意清楚，便結(jié)束本題，轉(zhuǎn)做其它試題。最后須提醒大家一點(diǎn)，做好完形填空題并非一日之功。我們應(yīng)從平日學(xué)習(xí)中做起，多積累'勤學(xué)苦練，方可成功！Haveagreatersuccessinthefuture!（DFirecanhelppeopleinmanyways.Butitcanalsobeveryharmful（有害的）.Firecankeepyourhouse1_,giveli

14、ghtandcookfood.Butfirecanburnthings2_Bigfirecanburn,trees,houses,animalsorpeople.Nobodyknowshowpeoplebegantousefire.Berestingoldstoriesabouthowamanorwomanstartedafire.Oneis4aman.Theman5averylongtimeago.Hewentupthesunand_6firedown.Todaypeopleknowhowtomakeafirewithmatches（火柴）.Childrenso

15、metimes7toplaywiththem.Butmatchescanbeverydangerous.Onematchcanburnapieceofpaper,and_8itcouldburnahouse.Asmallfirecanturnabigfire.veryt careful with firequickly.Soyou9_becarefulwithmatches.Becarefulwithfire,anditwill10_you.Butifyouarenand it may hurt you.1. A. warm2. A. also3. A. many4. A. over5. A.

16、 worked6. A. bring7. A. enjoy B.I：lx8. A. after9. A. can10. A. help Key: 1 .B. warmer C. coolB. too C. eitherB. much C. littleB. about C. a littleB. studied C. lear nedB. take C. broughtC. don't likeB. late C. yetB. man C. willB. do C. tellC2. .C3.D4.C5.AD. coolerD. n eitherD. noD. noD. livedD.

17、tookD. becomeD. thenD. mustD.hope6.B7.D8.A9.（2）初中英語n ame HanOf course,she can be callednrsiA1 A .anoB.otherc.othersD2A .oneB.twoc.threeD3A .aboveB.frontc.backD4A .lastB.give nc.middleD5A .theirB.themc,itsDBut Chin ese n ames are the oppositeEnglishnamesandChinesenamesarequitedifferentinsome1ways,but

18、ifsnothardforustoknowUnlikeChinese,mostEnglishpeoplehave2namej.Oneistheirfamilyname,bothoftheothernamesaregivennames.Theirfamilynameis3thegjyenname.TheyuseMr,MrsorMisswiththe4_name,buttheyneveruse5withthefirstname.Forexample,wecan6a_mannamedJamesAllanGreenMrGreen,7wecanAcallhimMrJamesorMrAllan.Peopl

19、eusuallyuseJim§James.JimisshortforJamesbecauseits9toremember.AgirlwiththenameHanLimei10herfamilyAhMeiforshortinChinaifyouwish.theothers.four.behind,full.it6.A. ask B 7. A. so B& A . in stead of B 9 A importa nt B 10 A putBKEY: 1 .B 2 .C3 .say C .,or C.for long C .easy C .putt ing C .D4. A5.

20、B6call D.and Dso far D difficult D puts D .C7. D8.(3).write .but.n ext toin terest ing .was put A9 . B 10 . CEverydaysomepeoplearekilledwhiletheyarecrossingtheroads.L°fthesepeopleareoldpeopleand childre nOldpeopleareoftenkilledbecausetheycan'tsee They forget to lookor2verywell.Childrenareki

21、lledbecausetheyarenot3andlistenbeforethey4theroads.Acarorabuscanftstop5.Ifacarisgoingveryfast,itwilltravelmanymetres6_itstopsSomepeopledon'talwaysunderstandthisTheythinkacarcanstop7afewmetres.Itisdifficultto8howfastacarismovingTheonlywayto cross the roads safely 10 , you can cross themis to look

22、 9 ways,rightand leftThen if the roads are1 . A . Much B . Most C . Morecarefully C.carefulA.A.hear B . across Bto hear C.come C .heari ngcrossquickly C . on C . atquick8A.A.before Bknow B .while C.afterlook C . listeneach C . bothKEY:1 .B2. A3.10C4 . C5. B6.A7.A.full B .A8. A9.empty C . busy C 10 .

23、 B(4)Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachersin the school . Yesterday she came intothe 1 with a big smile on her face .She said to her 2 that she was 3 to see theydid well in the sports meet ing Saturday not as 5 as_usual Wei Hua was on 6_yesterday.But 4_was not pleased to see the classroom la

24、st .She hoped they would clea n the classroom every dayShe said every one was at 7_ except Lin Tao . Then she told5.D6.B7.D8. AMiss Zhao about their 8 to the Great Wall lastplayed games and had a picnicthere .AfterSun day .Wei Hua 10 herthe weather was 9_ . Theytalk , Miss Zhao began herlesson.1 . A

25、 . shop B . classroom.parkD . office2 . A . stude nts B . teachers3 . A . angry B . sorryC.gladworkers D . doctors D . sad4. A . she B . IIwehe.large clea n6 . A e time B . duty7 . A home B . noon.foot DC . night D. top .school8 . A . visit B . music.clockD .football.rai nywin dy10 . A. started B .

26、had.fini shed D . gaveSamhadadog,ItsnamewasTod.itwasveryhelpful,butitatetoomuch.Sohedidnftlikeit.hewantedto1Tod.He2Todandputitinasmallboat.herowed（戈U）theboattothe3ofabigriver.Justashe_4thepooranimalintotheriver,theboatbegantogodown.5themanandTod_56intotheriver.Todwasabletoswim,7_Samcouldn't.Thed

27、ogbit（?咬）therope（2電子）andbrokeit.ittrieditsbesttoswimto8Sam.Themanwassaved,sohewasverythankful（感激的）tothedog,hedidn'twanttoMilthedog_9.Fromtheon,hegavethedogas10asitwanted.1. A.sellB.buyC.beatD.kill2. A.tiedB.pulledC.pushedD.closed3. A.frontB.footC.sideD.middle4. A.threwB.carriedC.sentD.brought5.

28、A.NeitherB.NorC.EachD.Both6. A.fellB.droppedC.lostD.jumped7. A.becauseB.thoughC.butD.when8. A.killB.saveC.meetD.hit9. A.nomoreB.anymoreC.nolongerD.notmore10. A.littleB.fewC.manyD.muchKEY:1-5DADAD6-10ACBBD（6）Therewerenoclassesthatafternoon,soHenrywenttoa1_shopnearhishome.Theshopsoldmanyjackets.Helook

29、ed?2themandatlastchoseaveryniceone.He3itonandthentoldtheshopkeepertoputitintoa4_.AtthattimehisfriendBrucecameintotheshop.Theyhadn'tseeneachotherforalongtime.Theywereso5tomeetagainthattheyforgot_6else.Soontheywerebusytalkingonandonhappily.Itwasnearlysixo'clock,_7_theydecidedtogoandhavedinnert

30、ogether.Henrypickedupthebag,andwalked8thedooroftheshop.TheshopkeeperstoppedthemandaskedHenrytopayforthe9_.Henrylookedathiminsurpriseatfirst,butsoonherememberthathehadn'tpaidforit.Hesaid_10_,gavehimthemoneyandthemlefttheshopwithhisfriend.1. A. fruit2. A. up3. A. put4. A. bagB. bookB. forB. triedB

31、. cupC. foodC. afterC. gotC. carD. clothingD. atD. turnedD. pocket5. A.worriedB.interestedC.pleasedD.anxious6. A.nobodyB.anybodyC.somethingD.everything7. A.thoughB.soC.becauseD.but8. A.towardsB.throughC.outofD.round9. A.dinnerB.bagC.jacketD.ticket10. A.goodbyeB.yesC.helloD.sorryKEY:1.D2.B3.B4.A5.C6.

32、D7.B8.A9.C10.D（7）MrWhiteworksinanoffice.Helikedreadinginbedwhenhewasatschool.Itwasbadforhis1andnowhehasnearsight（近視）.Buthewouldn'twant2toknowaboutitandheneverwearsapairofglasses.Itoften3himsometrouble.Onewintermorninghewassenttoavillageschoolonbusiness（出差）.He4_abusatastopinasmalltown.Thenhehadto

33、walkthere.Theroadtothevillagewasn'tsmooth（平坦）.Hefelloversometimesandit5hisclothesdirty.6he_gottothevillage.Suddenlyitbegantoblowanditgotcolder.Hewaslookingfortheschoolwhilehis7wasblownoff.Hebegantorunafteritbuthecouldntgetit.Hecouldn'tunderstandwhyhishatranintoahouseasif（似乎）ithad8.Andheranin

34、tothehouse,9.Awomanstoppedhimandshoutedangrily,"10areyourunningaftermyhen（母雞）for?”1. A.earsB.noseC.mouthD.eyes2. A.anybodyelseB.nobodyC.womanD.somebody3. A. follows4. A. took off5. A.let6. A. At first7. A. clothesB. takes8. got offB. madeB. At homeB. bagB. handsB. alsoC. bringsC. got on C. gave

35、C. AtC. hatC.shoesC. either8. A. legs9. A. always10. A. What B. Why C. Which D. WhoD. carriesD. came onD.能代,D. At lastD. glassesD. armsD. tooKey:1.D2.A3.C4.B5.B6.D7.C8.A9.D10.A（8）Oncetherewasanoldmaninatown.Healwaysforgot1things.Sohiswifeal-wayshadtosaytohim,“Don1tforgetthis!Onedayhewentonalongtrip（

36、旅行）alone.Beforehe2home,hiswifesaid,“Nowyouhaveallthese3.Theyarewhatyouneedforyourtrip.Takecareofyourthingsduringthetrip.MHewenttothestation,boughtaticketand4thetrainwithit.Abouthalf5hourlater,theconductorbegantoseethetickets.Hecametotheoldmanand6,“Willyoupleaseshowmeyourticket?”Theoldmanlookedfor hi

37、s ticket in all his can' t find my ticket.the old man.believe （相信）said the con ductor kin dly.pockets, but he could not findI really bought a ticket 8 Ibought a ticket. All right, you“ B how can know where I7.Hewasveryworried,gotonthetrain,saiddon'thavetobuy9one,mgoing?Ican，t10mystation!”the

38、oldmansaidsadly.1. A.alotofB.akindofC.apieceofD.apairof2. A.gotB.leftC.wentD.moved3. A.moneyB.clothesC.ticketsD.things5. A. a B. an6. A. say B. said8. A. whe n B. tillC. beforeD. after9. A. other B. the otherC. the others D. ano ther10. A. forget B. getC. remember D. see4. A.hadonB.wentonC.gotonD.pa

39、ssedonC.theD.thisC.saysD.sayingC.thatD.ticketKey:1.A2.B3.D4.C5.B6.B7.A8.C9.D10.C(9)壞脾氣的)andnever7.A.itB.thisgavewayto1._Onedaythefatherdecidedtoasksomefriendstodinnerinhishouse.He2hissontobuysomemeatintown.Whenthesongotwhathisfatherwanted,heturned3_andwalkedtowardsthetowngate.Justthenamanwascomingfr

40、omtheoutside.Thegatewasn't4enoughtolettwomeninandoutatthesametime.But5ofOncetherewasafatherandason.Theywereill-tempered(themwouldgivewaytotheother.They6straightfacetofaceinsidethegatehourafterhour.Butthefatherwasworried.“WhatshallIdo?Mysonhasn1t7_yet.Ican'twaitanyIonger."Hewantedtoknowwhatwasthe8withhisson.Sohelefthisfriendsathome,andhehimselfwenttotowntolookforhisson.“Youmayfirsttakethe9homeformyfriends.Letmestandhereagainsthim10.”Hesaidtohissonwhenheknewwhathadhappened.1 .A. one2 .A. hoped3 .A. dow n4 .A. Io ng5 .A. either6 .A. stood7 .A. gone8 .A. wrong9 .A. meat