初二初中英語句子成分講解-練習(xí)及答案

1、句子成分及基本句型一、 考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）、表語、定語和狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。（一）主語：主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名詞作主語） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代詞作主語） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （動名詞作主語） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a

2、 great pleasure.（不定式作主語） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主語從句作主語）（二）謂語 說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須是動詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系動詞和表語一起作謂語） We study hard. （行為動詞作謂語） We dont finish reading the book. （助動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語） He can speak English. （情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語

3、）（三）賓語 賓語是動作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)任，它和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么。一般放在謂語之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名詞作賓語） She says（that）she is ill.（賓語從句作動詞賓語） We often help him.（代詞作賓語） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作賓語） We enjoy listening to the music. 我們喜歡聽音樂。（動名詞短語作賓語） 說明1：賓語是及物動詞涉及到的人或物，賓語一般放在及物動詞之后。介詞后面的名詞或

4、代詞或動名詞，稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動詞賓語或介詞賓語。另外，動詞不定式可作動詞賓語；動名詞和賓語從句也可用作動詞賓語。 說明2：及物動詞作謂語時，后面要跟賓語。賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，直接賓語指物，間接賓語通常是及物動詞的動作所及的人，間接賓語指人。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前。 不是所有的及物動詞都可以用雙賓語。有的動詞可以跟。如：give, show（給看），bring, pass, buy等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 間接賓語如果放在直接賓

5、語之后，在表示“人”的間接賓語之前會出現(xiàn)介詞“to”或“for”。間接賓語前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答應(yīng)）, refuse（拒絕）等。間接賓語加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book.（他將書遞給我。） 改成： （3）He writes me a

6、letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成： （5）She is making me a cake. 改成： （四）賓語補(bǔ)足語 在賓語后面補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分，稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。 如：They make her happy.（形容詞） I see her dance.（不定式） Well help you to make the Olympics a success.（名詞） Please let him in.（副詞） We heard

7、 her singing a song.（分詞短語）（五）表語 表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞或短語來擔(dān)任。它的位置在系動詞后面。 如：I am a teacher.（名詞） He is always happy.（形容詞） They are on the playground now.（介詞短語） It gets cold.（形容詞） Be動詞（am，is，are, was, were）系動詞 表保持（keep, stay, remain） 表改變（get， become， turn） 感官動詞（feel，sound（聽起來），s

8、eem/look（看起來），taste（嘗起來），smell（聞起來）如：It sounds interesting.（sound為系動詞，interesting為表語） We should all remain careful. Remain（為系動詞， careful為表語） （六）定語 定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等。 單個詞作定語時，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。 如：The black bike is mine.（形容詞） Whats your name?（代詞） They make paper flowers.（名詞）

9、 說明1：當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞：nothing, anything, everything, something等時，定語在不定代詞后面。 如：I tell him something interesting. （形容詞interesting作不定代詞something的后置定語） He has something to do. （to do為不定式作后置定語） 說明2：短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。 如：The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room是介詞短語作the boys的后置定語。）（七）狀語 修飾動詞、形容詞、副

10、詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 如：He did it carefully.（副詞） We often help him.（副詞） Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介詞短語） When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（從句作時間狀語） He sits there.（副詞地點(diǎn)狀語）【簡單句的五種基本句型】 A. 主語+不及物動詞(主謂) 如：The su

11、n rises. 太陽升起來。 The car stopped. 小汽車停下來了。 rise和stop都是不及物動詞，因此后邊不必加賓語。 B. 主語+及物動詞+賓語(主謂賓) 如：I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book. C. 主語+系動詞+表語(主系表) 如：Her brother is a driver. We feel happy.（feel為系動詞，表示感到） It gets dark.天黑了。（get為系動詞，表示變得） Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。（look為系動詞，

12、表示看上去，看起來） D. 主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）(主謂+直賓+間賓) 如：He gives Tom a present.（雙賓語） 他給湯姆一件禮物。 Mother make a new dress for me.（雙賓語） 媽媽為我做了一件衣服。 E. 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)) 如：They call her Mary.（賓補(bǔ)） 他們叫她Mary。 We make our classroom clean and tidy.（賓補(bǔ)） 我們使我們的教室干凈而整齊。 He always makes us laugh.（賓補(bǔ)） 他總使我們笑。二、

13、典型例題寫出劃線部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister. 6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We

14、 will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early.三、 課后練習(xí)(一) 挑出下列句中的賓語My brotherdoesntdohis homework.A B C DPeoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish. A B C D You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. A

15、 B C D How many newwordsdoyoulearn? A B C D Some of thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming,howaboutyou? A B C D(二) 挑出下列句中的表語 The old manisfeelingverytired. A B C D Why isheworriedaboutJim? A B C DTheleaveshaveturnedyellow. A B C D SoonTheyallbecome interestedin the subject. A B C D Sheisthe fir

16、stto learnabout it. A B C D(三) 挑出下列句中的定語 TheyuseMr. Mrs. with thefamilyname. A B C DWhatisyourgivenname? A B C D On thethirdlapareClass 1 and Class 3. A B C D I amafraidsomepeopleforgotto sweepthe floor. A B C DThe mandownstairswastryingto sleep.A B C D（四) 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語 Shelikesthe childrento read ne

17、wspapers and booksin thereading-room.A B C D Heasksherto take the boyout of school.A B C D Shefinditdifficultto do the work. A B C D TheycallmeLilysometimes. A B C DIsawMr. Wangget on the bus.A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的狀語Thereisa big smileon her face. A B C DEvery nightheheardthe noiseupstairs. A B C D Hebeg

18、anto learnEnglishwhen he was eleven.A B C DThe manon the motorbikeis travellingto fast.A B C DWith the medicine box under her arm,MissLihurried off. A B C D典型例題答案一.寫出劃線部分的句子成分。 1. 主，謂，賓，狀2. 定，狀 3. 表4. 謂，賓，狀 5. 定，定6. 謂，狀 7. 謂，賓，狀8. 謂，狀 9. 表10. 表 11. 定，表12. 狀，狀課后練習(xí)(三) D D B A B (四) D B D C B(五) C C A

19、B B (六) C C C C D (七) D A D D A (八) us, 間接賓語 a story, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語 a new bike, 直接賓語 us, 間接賓語 history, 直接賓語 Tom, 間接賓語 it, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語 message, 直接賓語 初中英語語法賓語從句講解，專項練習(xí)及答案賓語從句小口訣：賓語從句三注意，時態(tài)語序引導(dǎo)詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句不需受限制；主句一般過去時，從句須用相應(yīng)時；陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化that引，一般疑問句用if/whether,特殊問句疑問詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。一、基本講解1概念:在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語的從句叫賓語從句，賓語從句

20、可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可做介詞的賓語。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (動詞賓語) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (動詞賓語) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介詞賓語)2.連接詞(1) .陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)詞用that,口語中常常省略。e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2)以 whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句, 主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句

21、，從句同樣是陳述語序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .注意：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情況例外。 a. 當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic. b. 引導(dǎo)詞與動詞不定式或 not 連用時， 只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c

22、. if當(dāng)如果講時， 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句， 這時不能用whether.(3).特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞；引導(dǎo)詞后要用陳述句語序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you? 特殊情況：當(dāng)do you think后接特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，句式結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為引導(dǎo)詞do you think陳述句語序。3.賓語從句時態(tài)a.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，一般將來時或祈使句時，從句不受主句的限制，根據(jù)自身的需要選用相應(yīng)的時態(tài)。例如：Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?b.當(dāng)主

23、句是一般過去時，從句要用過去時的相應(yīng)時態(tài)。例如：I didnt know （if/whether he had seen the film.）注意：當(dāng)主句是一般過去時，而從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象，科學(xué)原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）4.、人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用a.從句的主語如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致；如果是

24、第三人稱，不用變化。如：(一主二賓三不變) “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 賓語從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號；主句是疑問句，用問號。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a ta

25、lk. Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?二、賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化1.2. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面帶特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化的賓語時，主從

26、句的主語也須一致這時從句可以簡化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。例如：I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.3.當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是ask，tell, show, teach等后面帶雙賓語時，從句的主語和間接賓語一致，且從句是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化來時，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”,或者在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Could you tell me how to get to the park?4. 當(dāng)主句

27、謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 賓語從句專項習(xí)題鞏固練習(xí)1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leaveC. you will leave when D. when you will le

28、ave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how5.I didnt

29、 know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8.Ask him _.A. whose cup thi

30、s is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had be

31、en ill11.The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow12.Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where _?A. the t

32、ape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape14.They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are youC. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. wha

33、t Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows _ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if17.July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch madeC. who the

34、 old man is D. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do19.We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do20.He asked me _.A

35、. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money21. Did you hear _? A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say 22. Can you tell me _? A. which c

36、lass you are in B. which class are you in C. you are in which class D. are you in which class 23. -Excuse me. Could you tell me _? - Certainly. A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station 24. Could you tell me where _ y

37、esterday? A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went 25. Tom asked me _. A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was 26. Excuse me, could you tell me _? A. wheres the teachers office B. wheres the bus station C. whats she doing D. where the p

38、ost office is 27. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I dont know _. A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live 28. - Go and ask Mr. White for help. - But I dont know _. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where is he living D. he lives there 29. - Can you tell

39、me _? - Yes, he lives in a small town. A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D. what he said 30. Have you decided _ for London? A. when will you leave B. when you will leave C. when are you going D. when you are going 31. Excuse me. Could you tell me _our tickets? A. where do we

40、show B. where shall we show C. where did we show D. where we shall show 32. - What are you interested in about cooking food? - We are all interested in _. A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. How egg fries D. how does egg fry 33. Do you know _? A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose

41、 name is it 34. Do you know _? A. whose book is this B. whose book this is C. this book is whose D. whos book this is 35. I dont know _ now. A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is D. where my cat 36. Does he know _? A. whats your name B. what name is your C. what your is name D. wh

42、at your name is 37. Do you know _? A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on 38. Tell me where _? A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is 39. He hasnt decided _. A. if hell go on a trip to Wu xi B. when w

43、ill he go on a trip to Wu xi C. if he goes on a trip to Wu xi D. when does he go on a trip to Wu xi 40. Can you see _? A. what hes reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what 點(diǎn)擊中考1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _. . A. when UFOs wil

44、l appear next time B. why do horses know the way C. where was this kind of plant found D. how do elephants communicate2. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? -Sorry. I dont know _. . A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad

45、3. -May I come in ? Im sorry I am late. -Come in, please. But could you please tell me _. ? A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school4. -Could you please tell me _. ? -Bus No.32 will take you right there. A. where is Henan Museum B. wha

46、t Henan Museum is like C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _. . A. where they have been B. where are they C. where are they from D. where they have gone6. -Do you know _. the Capital Museum? -Next Fr

47、iday. A. when will they visit B. when they will visit C. when did they visit D. when they visited7. He wanted to know _.the English party. A. when will we have B. when we will have C. when would we have D. when we would have8. I want to know _. . A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when shoul

48、d we arrive at the airport C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at9.-David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me _. ? -He is a doctor. A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is10. -Could you tell me _. ? He is wanted by the head tea

49、cher. -Sorry, Ive no idea. But he _ here just now. A. where Tim; was B. where is Tim; was C. where Tim is; was D. where Tim is; is11. -Did Mrs. King leave a message? -Yes. She wanted to know _ this Sunday. A. who you would go shopping B. if you would go shopping with her C. that you will go shopping D. when will you go shopping with her12.-Im a teenagers mother. Sometimes I dont know . -Love and understandin