豌豆語法虛擬語氣

1、豌豆語法虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在條件讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。一、虛擬語氣的概念 虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在事實相事實相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與過去與過去相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)與將來與將來相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)If+主語+動詞的過去式（動詞be用were)主語+should,would,might,could動詞原形If+主語+had +過去分詞主語should, would, might, couldhave done1、I

2、f+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+were to+ 動詞原形3、If+主語+should +動詞原形主語should, would might, could動詞原形二二 基本的三種情況基本的三種情況1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況： 從句：If 主語+過去時(Be動詞用were) 主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 2If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 3If there were no

3、air or water,there would be no living things on the earth2、表示與過去事實相反的情況、表示與過去事實相反的情況 從句：If 主語+had+done 主句：主語+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1 If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 2If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測、表示對將來情況的主觀推

4、測 主句：主語+should/could/would/might + do 從句：if+主語+were to do if+主語+should/would/could/might + do if+主語+did（動詞過去式）/were e g： 1If he should come here tomorrow , I would talk to him. 2If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 3If she were to be here next Monday , I would tell her ab

5、out the matter. 三、使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點三、使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：有時，有時，虛擬條件句虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語動作中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。這種若不是同時發(fā)生時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。這種條件句叫錯綜條件句。條件句叫錯綜條件句。 從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實不符。在正在發(fā)生的事實不符。 e g： If I had worked hard at school ,I would be an engineer ,

6、too . If they had informed us , we would not come here now. 從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。實不符。 如： If he were free today , we would have sent him to Beijing. 。 If he knew her , he would have greeted her. 2當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were ,should ,had 時，時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把可以省略，這

7、時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were ,should , had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。語。E g： Should he agree to go there , we would send him there. Were she here , she would agree with us. Had he learnt about computers , we would have hired him to work here.。 3、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達(dá)出來，只暗含、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他

8、方式表示出來，這種句子在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without，but for等等 E g： But for his help , we would be working now. Without your instruction , I would not have made such great progress. We didnt know his telephone number , otherwise we would have telephoned hi

9、m. 4、 有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本能通過這次考試的。 省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了該多好啊。 5注意，在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞注意，在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用的過去時態(tài)一律用we

10、re，不用不用was。 eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him. 四、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用四、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用1 用于賓語從句用于賓語從句 、wish wish 后面的賓語從句中。后面的賓語從句中。 一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞形式為：語動詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過去時表現(xiàn)在過去時表過去過去完成時表過去過去完成時表將來表將來would, might, could動詞原形動詞原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had

11、 seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：注意：sugg

12、est 當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“講時，講時，insist 表示表示”堅持說之意時，應(yīng)用陳述語氣，作堅持說之意時，應(yīng)用陳述語氣，作“堅決主張；堅決主張；堅決要求堅決要求”講時，用虛擬語氣。講時，用虛擬語氣。如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名詞

13、后的表語和同位語從句中要用等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should動詞原形動詞原形”should可以省略可以省略 2 用于表語從句和同位語從句用于表語從句和同位語從句My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.3 虛擬語氣在

14、主語從句中A.在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形動詞原形 1 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 Its natural that she should do so. Its important that we should take good care of the patient. B. 在在It is demanded/suggested/o

15、rdered/required.that-clause句型中從句用句型中從句用(should )+動詞原型動詞原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中句型中從從句也常用句也常用(should )+動詞原型動詞原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或語動詞用過去式或should動詞原形

16、，動詞原形，should不能省略不能省略五、虛擬語氣在其他從句中五、虛擬語氣在其他從句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài) If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!3. would rather + 從句動詞用過去式或過去完成時從句動詞用過去

17、式或過去完成時I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 4. as if ( as though) 看起來常用虛擬形式，即看起來常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反用過去完成式用過去完成式 (had done).He treats the boy as if he were his own son.He spoke as if he had known about it5. even if ( even

18、 though)即使即使Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.四四 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ have donecould have done 本來可以本來可以- - -might have done 本來可能本來可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該做本來應(yīng)該做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做本不該做 - - 你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真

19、相。你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做本不必做 - - - 比較：比較：didnt need to do 沒必要做也沒有做沒必要做也沒有做 - - - 我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本來會去做本來會去做-I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.Choose the best answer: It is strange that the little boy _ _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B . will finish C