四級(jí)句子成分：主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)表

1、句子句子1. 句子成分：句子成分：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語2. 按交際功能分：按交際功能分：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句3.按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分：按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句句子成分句子成分1：主語：主語主語是一個(gè)句子所述說的主體。主語的位置主語是一個(gè)句子所述說的主體。主語的位置一般在句首。英語中主語一般不省略。一般在句首。英語中主語一般不省略。1. The boy comes from America.名詞作主語名詞作主語2. He usually went to school alone.代詞

2、作主語代詞作主語3. Studying English is very important.動(dòng)名詞短語作主語動(dòng)名詞短語作主語4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.不定式短語作主語不定式短語作主語5. That he won the prize excited everyone.主語從句作主語主語從句作主語6. It is important for us to have our dreams.It 作形式主語，作形式主語，to have our dreams 不定式短語不定式短語作真正的主語作真正的主語句子成分句子成分1：主語：主語7.

3、It is obvious that he was wrong.It 作形式主語，作形式主語，that he was wrong 主語從句主語從句作真正的主語。作真正的主語。8. It is no use crying over the spilt milk. Its no use doing sth. 做某事是沒用的做某事是沒用的spill spilt spilt (使使) 灑出，溢出灑出，溢出覆水難收。覆水難收。It 作形式主語，作形式主語，crying over the spilt milk 動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞短語作真正的主語。名詞短語作真正的主語。句子成分句子成分1：主語：主語Have a tr

4、y Translate the sentences into Chinese.1.沒什么是不可能的。沒什么是不可能的。Nothing is impossible. (不定代詞作主語不定代詞作主語)2. 抱怨是沒用的。抱怨是沒用的。Complaining is useless. (動(dòng)名詞作主語）動(dòng)名詞作主語）It is no use complaining. (it 作形式主語，作形式主語，complaining 動(dòng)名詞作真正主語）動(dòng)名詞作真正主語）Have a try Translate the sentences into Chinese.3. 怎么減少我們的壓力是個(gè)問題。怎么減少我們的壓力

5、是個(gè)問題。How to reduce our stress is a question.(主語從句作主語）主語從句作主語）4.我們立刻解決這個(gè)問題是件緊急的事。我們立刻解決這個(gè)問題是件緊急的事。Its urgent that we solve the problem right now.(it 作形式主語，作形式主語， that 引導(dǎo)主語從句）引導(dǎo)主語從句）Have a try Translate the sentences into Chinese.6. 迎接新世紀(jì)的挑戰(zhàn)很重要。迎接新世紀(jì)的挑戰(zhàn)很重要。Its necessary for us to meet the challenge of

6、 the new century. (it 作形式主語，不定式短語做真正主語）作形式主語，不定式短語做真正主語） 1.我不做大哥好多年了。 2.木屋燒烤是奧巴馬的弟弟開的。 3.你沒有牽著女朋友走過財(cái)大的銀杏大道真是遺憾。 4.他弄清楚了他其實(shí)對(duì)過四級(jí)不感興趣。 5.重要的是我們應(yīng)該密切注意他的健康情況。句子成分句子成分2：謂語：謂語謂語說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征。謂語由謂語說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征。謂語由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語充當(dāng)，或者由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語充當(dāng)，或者由“系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表表語語”構(gòu)成。謂語的位置一般出現(xiàn)在主語之構(gòu)成。謂語的位置一般出現(xiàn)在主語之后。后。 動(dòng)詞分為：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和

7、情動(dòng)詞分為：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。態(tài)動(dòng)詞。1. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞為行為動(dòng)詞。它是表示動(dòng)作或狀為行為動(dòng)詞。它是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，能單獨(dú)做謂語。進(jìn)一步可以態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，能單獨(dú)做謂語。進(jìn)一步可以分分為及物動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞(如如believe, lend, make, win等）等）和不及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞(如如happen, sleep, work等）。等）。句子成分句子成分2：謂語：謂語2. 系動(dòng)詞：系動(dòng)詞：系動(dòng)詞本身有意思，但不能單獨(dú)做謂語，系動(dòng)詞本身有意思，但不能單獨(dú)做謂語，后面必須跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、后面必須跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等。性質(zhì)、

8、特征等。包括：包括：be 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞：感官系動(dòng)詞：feel, look, smell, sound, taste 等等變化系動(dòng)詞：變化系動(dòng)詞：become, grow, turn, get, go 持續(xù)性系動(dòng)詞：持續(xù)性系動(dòng)詞：keep, remain, stay表表“像像”系動(dòng)詞：系動(dòng)詞：seem, appear, look終止性系動(dòng)詞：終止性系動(dòng)詞：prove, turn out 句子成分句子成分2：謂語：謂語3. 助動(dòng)詞：助動(dòng)詞：have, be, do 等。等。 助動(dòng)詞一般沒有助動(dòng)詞一般沒有意義，不能單獨(dú)做謂語。助動(dòng)詞的作用主意義，不能單獨(dú)做謂語。助動(dòng)詞的作用主要幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)

9、、語態(tài)、否定句和疑要幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定句和疑問句。問句。如：如：He is waiting for the bus. He has made up his mind. Do you love me?4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can, could, may, might, must, should, need, have to, ought to, dare等等句子成分句子成分2：謂語：謂語練習(xí)：練習(xí)：1. His parents are teachers. 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語表語 2. The sun rises in the east. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（不及物動(dòng)詞）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（不及物動(dòng)詞）

10、3. We have finished reading the book. 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞過去分詞句子成分句子成分2：謂語：謂語練習(xí)：練習(xí)：4. You ought to work harder. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形5. I felt cold. 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語表語6. He doesnt like music. 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形句子成分句子成分3：賓語：賓語賓語是動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作對(duì)象。一般由賓語是動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作對(duì)象。一般由名詞、賓格名詞、賓格代詞代詞，或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句充，或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當(dāng)（包括當(dāng)（包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞還有賓語從

11、句不定式、動(dòng)名詞還有賓語從句）。）。賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語。賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語。I will graduate from LTP. 介詞介詞+賓語賓語I like coffee. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語Im afraid that I will fail the exam. 形容詞形容詞+賓語賓語句子成分句子成分3：賓語：賓語練習(xí)：練習(xí)：1. He has never met her in person. 賓格代詞賓格代詞2. She handed him a book. him 賓格代詞作間接賓語，賓格代詞作間接賓語，a book 名詞作名詞作直接賓語。直接賓語。3. He like

12、s to play basketball. 不定式短語作賓語不定式短語作賓語句子成分句子成分3：賓語：賓語練習(xí)：練習(xí)：4. We enjoy listening to the music. 動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語5. She said that she felt sick. 賓語從句作賓語賓語從句作賓語6. They sent the injured to hospital. 名詞化的形容詞作賓語名詞化的形容詞作賓語又如：又如：the old, the young 句子成分句子成分3：賓語：賓語練習(xí)：練習(xí)：7. I find it impossible to believe her

13、any longer. it 作形式賓語，不定式短語作真正的賓語作形式賓語，不定式短語作真正的賓語8. We consider it no good getting up late. it 作形式賓語，動(dòng)名詞短語作真正的賓語作形式賓語，動(dòng)名詞短語作真正的賓語9. They believed it strange that he should have done that. it 作形式賓語，賓語從句作真正的賓語作形式賓語，賓語從句作真正的賓語 Have a try Translate the sentences into Chinese.1.我覺得游泳令我感到輕松。我覺得游泳令我感到輕松。I

14、find swimming very relaxing. (動(dòng)名詞作賓語）動(dòng)名詞作賓語）2. 我覺得學(xué)英語很重要。我覺得學(xué)英語很重要。I think that learning English is important. (that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作賓語）引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作賓語）I consider it important to learn English. （it 作形式賓語，作形式賓語，to learn English 不定式短不定式短語作真正賓語）語作真正賓語）Have a try Translate the sentences into Chinese.3. 我們覺得在我們覺得在200

15、8年奧運(yùn)會(huì)成為志愿者是很年奧運(yùn)會(huì)成為志愿者是很有意義的。有意義的。We think (that) it was meaningful to become volunteers in the 2008 Olympic Games.(that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作賓語）引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作賓語）We think it meaningful that we became volunteers in the 2008 Olympic Games.(it 作形式賓語，作形式賓語，that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句作真正賓引導(dǎo)賓語從句作真正賓語）語）一、表語一、表語 系動(dòng)詞是表示人或事物狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)的動(dòng)系動(dòng)詞是表示人或事物狀態(tài)

16、、性質(zhì)的動(dòng)詞詞, 如如: be, get, sound, look, seem, feel等。等。系系動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞后 面的部分叫表語。作表語的典型詞面的部分叫表語。作表語的典型詞類是形容詞類是形容詞, 也可以名詞、數(shù)詞、極少數(shù)副也可以名詞、數(shù)詞、極少數(shù)副詞詞(如如here, there)、介詞短語、不定式、分、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、表語從句等。詞、表語從句等。系動(dòng)詞與表語共同構(gòu)成系動(dòng)詞與表語共同構(gòu)成謂語謂語, 說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等。說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等。練習(xí)：練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的表語并指出表語是請(qǐng)找出下列句子的表語并指出表語是由什么來充當(dāng)?shù)挠墒裁磥沓洚?dāng)?shù)?名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞名詞、數(shù)

17、詞、形容詞、介詞, 不定式不定式, 分詞分詞, 還是表語從句還是表語從句)。1. My wallet is on the desk. ( _ )2. The book isnt mine. ( _ )mine,名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞。on the desk, 介詞短語。介詞短語。3. The leaves turn yellow in fall. ( _ )4. He has become a police officer. ( _ ) a police officer, 名詞。名詞。yellow ,形容詞。形容詞。5. My suggestion is that we should s

18、tart at once. ( _ )6. My suggestion is to leave at once. ( _ )to leave at once, 不定式短語不定式短語。that we should start at once. 表語從句表語從句。7. His speech was boring. ( _ )8. The whole class got excited at the good news. ( _ )excited, 過去分詞。過去分詞。boring, 現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞。二、定語二、定語 定語用來定語用來修飾名詞或代詞修飾名詞或代詞, 起限定作起限定作用。作定語的典

19、型詞類是形容詞和形容用。作定語的典型詞類是形容詞和形容詞性物主代詞詞性物主代詞, 也可以是數(shù)詞、名詞、介也可以是數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞、定語從句等。詞短語、分詞、定語從句等。定語一般定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾復(fù)合不定位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾復(fù)合不定代詞代詞(如如something)時(shí)時(shí), 或者是短語或定語或者是短語或定語從句作定語從句作定語, 則總是放在所修飾名詞的后則總是放在所修飾名詞的后邊。邊。練習(xí)：練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的定語并指出定請(qǐng)找出下列句子的定語并指出定語是由什么充當(dāng)語是由什么充當(dāng)(形容詞、形容詞性代詞、形容詞、形容詞性代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞還是定語數(shù)詞、名

20、詞、介詞短語、分詞還是定語從句從句)1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.( _ ) beautiful, 形容詞形容詞; many, 數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞。 2. The wallet on the desk is mine. ( _ )3. The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work. ( _ )demanding,現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞; my,形容詞性代詞形容詞性代詞。on the desk, 介詞短語介詞短語。4. That building being repaired

21、is our library.( _ ) 5. He is one of the students that have been late.( _ ) being repaired, 現(xiàn)在分詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞短語; our, 形形容詞性代詞容詞性代詞。one, 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞; that have been late, 定語從句定語從句6. The excited boys burst into cheers. ( _ )7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work. ( _ )woman, 名詞名詞; good, 形容詞。形容詞。exc

22、ited, 過去分詞。過去分詞。補(bǔ)充l名詞作定語：名詞作定語：pocket money 零用錢零用錢; alarm clock 鬧鐘；鬧鐘；sports car 跑車跑車l不定式作定語：不定式作定語：I have a lot of homework to do.Thats the way to do it. l介詞短語：介詞短語：Its a map of China. 三、狀語三、狀語 狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞詞, 或整個(gè)句子。一般表示行為發(fā)生的或整個(gè)句子。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等等, 作作狀語的典型詞類是副

23、詞狀語的典型詞類是副詞, 也可以是介詞也可以是介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句等。短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句等。練習(xí)：練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的狀語并指出狀請(qǐng)找出下列句子的狀語并指出狀語是由什么充當(dāng)語是由什么充當(dāng)(副詞、介詞短語、不定副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句式、分詞、狀語從句)。1. He did his homework carefully at home. ( _ )carefully,副詞副詞; at home, 介詞詞組。介詞詞組。to do some shopping不定式作目的狀不定式作目的狀語語; on Sunday介詞短語表時(shí)間。介詞短語表時(shí)間。2. Her mot

24、her goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. ( _ )3. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. ( _ )4. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper. ( _ )Feeling tired, 現(xiàn)在分詞短語表原因現(xiàn)在分詞短語表原因; without supper, 介詞短語表方式。介詞短語表方式。When I grow up, 時(shí)間狀語從句。時(shí)間狀語從句。5. He lost his job due to his lack of patience.(

25、 _ ) 6. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life. ( _ ) Brought up in the country, 過去分詞短過去分詞短語表原因語表原因。due to his lack of patience介詞短語表介詞短語表原因。原因。四、補(bǔ)足語四、補(bǔ)足語 補(bǔ)充說明主語的稱為主語補(bǔ)足語補(bǔ)充說明主語的稱為主語補(bǔ)足語; 補(bǔ)充說明賓語的稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。作補(bǔ)補(bǔ)充說明賓語的稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。作補(bǔ)足語的典型詞類是形容詞足語的典型詞類是形容詞, 也可以是名也可以是名詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞等。和過去分詞等。練習(xí)：練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語并指出請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語并指出它是由什么充當(dāng)?shù)乃怯墒裁闯洚?dāng)?shù)?名詞、形容詞