基于HyperMesh的轎車變速箱后蓋有限元分析_圖文

1、制造業(yè)信息化機電工程技術!""#$%卷第"& 年第期基于的轎車變速箱后蓋有限元分析宮愛紅，耿廣銳（湖北汽車工業(yè)學院，湖北十堰；東風汽車公司，湖北武漢）進行有限元分析的流程，討論了前處理中應注意的幾個問題，分析了該變速箱后蓋的剛度和強度，；文獻標識碼：文章編號：（）引言汽車變速箱作為汽車傳動系統(tǒng)的關鍵總成，其主要的功能是改變發(fā)動機曲軸的轉(zhuǎn)矩及轉(zhuǎn)速，以適應汽車在起步、加速、行駛以及克服各種道路障礙等不同行駛條件下對驅(qū)動車輪牽引力及車速的不同要求的需求。變速箱的結(jié)構(gòu)對汽車的動力性、經(jīng)濟性、操縱的可靠性與輕便性、傳動的平穩(wěn)性與效率等都有直接的影響。近年來隨著汽車技

2、術的發(fā)展，對汽車變速箱承載能力以及工作可靠性的要求越來越高，而在變速箱設計研究工作中變速箱主要零部件的強度、剛度的計算與校核又尤為重要，所以應用有限元技術對變速器相關部件進行強度分析是非常重要和必要的。國內(nèi)在這方面的研究多采用等軟件對變速箱內(nèi)的齒輪進行分析，而采用對箱體及后蓋等殼體類零件的研究還鮮有報道。幾點。（）導入幾何數(shù)模（、等）時，在模型導入前去掉某些不必要的零件，并對一些復雜模型進行簡化處理，忽略對整體力學性能影響較小的幾何細節(jié)，如直徑較小的工藝孔、過渡圓角或倒角以及搭接邊上較小的凸臺等。（）如果導入的模型是較薄的板筋件，則需要利用的（中面抽?。┕δ軐ζ涮崛≈忻?。（）從導入的曲面模型或

3、抽取的中面往往存在缺面、有縫隙、重疊、錯位等缺陷，則需要在的模塊下進行幾何清理和修復，補面、消除錯位和小孔，壓縮相鄰曲面之間的邊界，消除不必要細節(jié)，以提高網(wǎng)格劃分的質(zhì)量。（）有限元網(wǎng)格剖分時，應根據(jù)分析的目的并結(jié)合模為美國澳汰爾（）公司的有限元結(jié)構(gòu)分析與優(yōu)化軟件，包括、等個功能模塊，其中是針對有限元主流求解器的高性能前后處理軟件，它提供了交互化建模功能和廣泛的和軟件接口。這里以某公司轎車變速箱后蓋為研究對象，應用三維建模軟件建立其幾何模型，利用建立變速箱后蓋有限元分析模型，分析了該變速箱后蓋的剛度和強度，判定是否由于變速箱后蓋剛度不足的原因引起相關零件的損壞，同時也為結(jié)構(gòu)的改進設計提供了理論依

4、據(jù)。建模流程有限元建模流程參見圖。在利用進行有限元建模時，需要注意以下收稿日期：圖建模流程機電工程技術!""#年第$%"&期卷第制造業(yè)信息化型的特點，選擇適當?shù)膯卧愋?，并根?jù)計算機的能力和要求的精度確定合適的單元尺寸。（）單元質(zhì)量對有限元計算結(jié)果有較大影響。在有限元網(wǎng)格劃分時，檢查并控制單元的質(zhì)量參數(shù)顯得尤為重要。對汽車行業(yè)里的結(jié)構(gòu)分析來說單元質(zhì)量可要求如下：四邊形單元（單元長寬比）；°單元；（單元翹曲角）°；對三角形內(nèi)角°。單元尺寸應盡量均勻，要避來說，°單元內(nèi)角°免特別小的單元。在使用單元時，須分清主

5、次，即同一個節(jié)點只能從屬于一個主點。（）施加載荷和邊界條件是有限元分析最為關鍵的一環(huán)，它對分析結(jié)果有著決定性的影響，對結(jié)構(gòu)分析來說，要讓自己的約束和載荷盡量與實際情況相符，這樣我們得到的分析結(jié)果才能有意義，這一步需要我們在平時的工作中不斷的摸索和積累經(jīng)驗來實現(xiàn)。為。網(wǎng)格劃分是建立有限元模型的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)，它要求考慮的問題較多，需要的工作量較大，所劃分的網(wǎng)格形式對計算精度和計算規(guī)模將產(chǎn)生直接影響。變速箱后蓋有限元網(wǎng)格圖如圖所示。變速箱后蓋有限元模型的建立（）零件分析圖變速箱后蓋網(wǎng)絡結(jié)構(gòu)特征：變速箱后蓋為一個較為復雜的盤式空間結(jié)構(gòu)，主要結(jié)構(gòu)特征為用于固定的三個安裝孔、與發(fā)電機支架的七個連接孔、中心

6、處的一個軸承孔和十四個加強筋以及一些倒角等附屬結(jié)構(gòu)。（）清理模型與定義邊界條件在清理模型時，刪除幾何可以在很大程度上減小文件的大小，釋放內(nèi)存并提高性能。在本次分析中對變速箱后蓋三個安裝孔中心處施加位移約束，根據(jù)實際情況，對其六個自由度全部限制。在與發(fā)電機支架的七個連接孔中心處施加的扭矩，同時在其中兩個孔中心處施加的離合器拉絲拉力，另外，在用剛體單元模擬的發(fā)電機重心處加值為的自重載荷。在中，力和長度的單位分別為和受力情況：在其與發(fā)電機支架的七個連接孔中心處施加扭矩，同時在其中兩個孔中心處施加的離合器拉絲拉力，另外，還考慮了發(fā)電機的自重載荷。材料特性：鎂合金，泊松比，彈性模量×。，密度分

7、析方案：分析考慮了將離合器拉絲拉力分別施加在孔中心和拉絲支架上、不加拉絲拉力三種計算方案。運用建立變速箱后蓋幾何模型如圖所示，并以中性文件格式輸出。，質(zhì)量的單位為。變速箱后蓋施加邊界條件如圖所示。圖變速箱后蓋幾何模型（）三維模型的導入與網(wǎng)格劃分利用提供的接口讀入上述中性文件，并對其進行幾何清理。變速箱后蓋是一個較復雜且不規(guī)則幾何實體，計算精度要求不高，加之硬件條件有限，所以在本次分析中采用線性四面體實體單元來模擬，單元尺寸圖變速箱后蓋邊界條件模擬結(jié)果與分析在中運用其求解器進行求解后，可通過變形圖、應力分布圖等方式來顯示結(jié)果。圖制造業(yè)信息化機電工程技術!""#$%卷第&quo

8、t;&年第期由表可以看出，拉絲拉力對變速箱后蓋的應力和變形有著較大的影響。三種方案變速箱后蓋的最大位移均遠小于變速箱后蓋與周圍零件的裝配間隙；應力最大值為，最大位移值為，若考慮倍的沖擊載荷，其最大值也在屈服極限內(nèi)。變速箱后蓋的強度滿足要求，剛度也滿足要求。變速箱后蓋相關零件發(fā)圖拉絲拉力作用在變速箱后蓋孔中心處的變形圖、應力分布圖生損壞的直接原因不是由變速箱后蓋的剛度不足引起的。結(jié)論這里對變速箱后蓋進行有限元分析，得到了變速箱后蓋在兩種工況下的分析結(jié)果，反映了零件的剛度特性，判定是否由于變速箱后蓋剛度不足的原因引起相關零件的損壞，同時也為結(jié)構(gòu)的改進設計提供了理論依據(jù)。是一個比較優(yōu)秀的有限

9、元分析軟件，進入國圖拉絲拉力作用在拉絲支架上變速箱后蓋的變形圖、應力分布圖內(nèi)僅有幾年的時間，因此需要在進一步的工程應用中不斷總結(jié)和積累經(jīng)驗。參考文獻：陳家瑞汽車構(gòu)造北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，劉惟信汽車設計北京：清華大學出版社，林清安京：圖不加拉絲拉力變速箱后蓋的位移、應力分布圖零件設計北清華大學出版社，趙詒樞，吳云存工程力學湖北：湖北汽車工業(yè)學院，、圖和圖分別為變速箱后蓋在三種計算方案的云圖顯示結(jié)果。表方案拉絲拉力作用在孔中心處拉絲拉力作用在支架上不加拉絲拉力三種方案計算結(jié)果比較最大應力（）最大位移（）盧耀祖，周中堅機械與汽車結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元分析上海：同濟大學出版社，中文基礎培訓中國官方網(wǎng)：第一作者簡

10、介：宮愛紅，男，年生，山西昔陽人，碩士，講師。研究領域：。（編輯：吳智恒）Abstracts07-09-13Several Key Problems of Aluminum Profile Extrusion Porthole Die DesignCAI Liang, LI Ji-bin, WANG Hong-zhi (Collegeof Mechanical Abstract:This article studies three problems of aluminum profile extrusion porthole die design, i.e. design method of

11、extrusion porthole hole ，linking up configuration of extrusion porthole hole and core of die and design method about work area. At the end, it puts forward some practicable advise.Key words:aluminum profile; extrusion porthole die; design; key problemsElectrical Engineering , Shenzhen University , S

12、henzhen518060, ChinaKey words:major manufacturing industry; collaborative design; system; research and development07-09-26The Analysis for Back Cover of Gear-box of the Car Based on HyperMeshIndustries Institute, Shiyan442002, China;2Dongfeng Motor Co.,Wuhan430056, ChinaGONG Ai-hong 1,GENG Guang-rui

13、 2(1.HubeiAutomotive07-09-15Tool Optimized for Mould Cavity Contour-parallel Rough MachiningZHOU Xian, XIAO Yao-xian (Aeronauticaland MechanicalEngineering Department, Nanchang University of Aeronautics, Nanchang330063,ChinaAbstract:Discussing the method of generating mould cavity machining tool pat

14、h and the layout of the tool path, illuminating the problems of tool choice at present. The method of tool selection is presented, and the purpose of tool optimized isimplemented, consequently the working efficiency is increased. Key words:mould cavity; tool path; optimize; contour-parallelAbstract

15、:Introduces the finite element analysis method of the HyperMesh software,discusses several questions of FEMmodeling, sets up the analysis model of back cover of gear-box of the car,analyzes strength and stiffness of back cover of gear-box, judges if the back cover stiffness not enough to cause the d

16、amage of the relevant part, supplies important modal parameter for the response analysis and foundation in theory to improve design of the back cover of gear-box.Key words:gear-box;finite element analysis;HyperMesh07-09-29Structure Analysis and Optimization of Large Vertical Motors Upper Bracket Axi

17、alCHEN Yuan-Wei (Mecheletric of Dazhou V ocational and Technical CollegeDazhou635000China07-09-18The Research of Large-scale High-temperature Hot Forging Die Process of QuenchingDONG Geng-ye ,HE Xiao-mei (1.GuangzhouMeihuayuan Auto Abstract:We use some new toughening theory of recent years as a guid

18、e to change the traditional technics, and discuss the method and technology of heat treatment of the hot forging die which is made up of 5CrMnMo, apply the method to practical production, and get good result.Key words:hot forging die; high temperature quenching;heat treatment technologyRepair Factor

19、y, Guangzhou510510, China;2.Feng-Yi Surface Heat Treatment Center,Chenzhou42300,China12ZHANG Wei, YUAN Qing-ke (Facultyof Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510090, ChinaAbstract:The structure and application of product configuration system in networked manuf

20、acturing environment is introduced .With the software system structure of Browser/Servermode and distributing computing model, the method of constraints applying and analysis of kinds of artificial intelligenceconfiguration algorithm solving CSP are discussed in the paper. Result comparison and the

21、VRML technology of the system provide the best performance of for rapid, accurate inosculation between the customer needs and product final configuration. Key words:product configuration; constraints satisfaction problem (CSP;back-tracking algorithm07-09-21Research of Product Configuration Design Sy

22、stem for Networked ManufacturingAbstract:Upper bracket axial is a very important part in motor, which bears huge force in various work conditions. If local stress is too large, upper bracket axial may be destroyed, so it must be designed with enough strength and stiffness. The structure analysis and

23、 optimization of upper bracket axial is performed based on Pro/Esoftware and Pro/MECHANICA.The max stress and displacement are found out by the analysis. Using structure analysis tool of Pro/MECHANICA,this paper takes parameters of stress concentrative position by developing sensitivityanalysis, and

24、 finds out the rule of the main stress and distortion vary with the structure parameters change. The result shows that adjusting dimensions of upper bracket axial can control the stress concentrative. In the end, the optimization of upper bracket axial is carried out to get the minimum of the weight

25、.Key words:upper bracket axial; finite element; optimization method; model analysis; mechanics analysis07-09-31Automatic Control System for Traditional Chinese Medicine SteamingEngineering, XianUniversity of Science and Technology, Xian710054,China; 2. Department of Information, Xuzhou Normal School

26、, Xuzhou221004, ChinaHUANG Pei , HUANG Chao , GU Wei (1.Schoolof Mechanical11207-09-24Collaborative Design System Research and Development Based on Major Manufacturing IndustryWU You-de , LI Bai-lin (1.SichuanEngineering Technical College, Abstract:Collaborative design is a typical application ofCom

27、puter Support Collaborative Work (CSCW.It is the design methodology under which all designing teams design their own part individually then interactively for the same purpose until the final output satisfies all the requirements. As for majormanufacturing industries, the utmost purpose of collaborat

28、ive design is to fulfill the design with high quality together with independent and collaborative work. Collaborative design is a brand-new design objective, in which it can ensure every-member work collaboratively and effectively with the help of computer, and every-member can share and manage desi

29、gnmaterials and the output, among which the key issue is to ensure Deyang618000, China; 2.Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu610031, China12Abstract:Aiming at the defect that the traditional method of steaming difficult to control, after years of practice, a new type of automatic traditional chinese medicine steaming has been developed. This system uses single-chip computer of AT89C52as its core component, it can implement automatic control body medicine fumigation, fumigationwashing, washing