初中八種基本時態(tài)講解及練習

1、英語語法（時態(tài)）be(“是/存在”)動詞的各種時態(tài)變化：一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時一 般 將 來 時現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時I am.You are.He/She/It is.We/You/They are.(I等各人稱) will be.I am He/She/It is going to be We/You/They are I have been.You have been.She/he/It has been.We/You/They have been.一 般 過 去 時過 去 將 來 時過 去 完 成 時I was.You were.He/She/It was.We/You/They were.(

2、I等各人稱) would be.I was He/She/It was going to be We/You/They were I had been.You had been.She/he/It had been.We/You/They had been.其它謂語動詞(主動語態(tài))的時態(tài)變化一覽表：現(xiàn)在時態(tài)一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時現(xiàn) 在 進 行 時一 般 將 來 時現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時謂語動詞構(gòu)成動詞用原形(單三加s / es)(問句和否定句借用助詞do / does)amis +動詞-ingarewill + 動詞原形amis +going to+動詞原形arehave +過去分詞has過去時態(tài)一

3、般 過 去 時過 去 進 行 時過 去 將 來 時過 去 完 成 時謂語動詞構(gòu)成動詞用過去式(問句和否定句借用助詞did)was +動詞-ingwerewould + 動詞原形was +going to+動詞原形werehad +過去分詞 注意 在其它的時態(tài)中也存在類似問題,記住,關(guān)鍵是：瞬間動詞不能和表達一段時間的狀語連用。如：How long may I keep the book?(這本書我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)注意：句型變化時,否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且no

4、t都可以縮寫為nt (am后面not不可以縮寫)；疑問句將am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。八種時態(tài)的具體用法：(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時：表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常或習慣發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),或說明主語的特征。一般現(xiàn)在時句子中常有的時間狀語：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year

5、.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經(jīng)常在晚上商談生意)表示客觀真理、事實、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn))/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快) 表示十分確定會發(fā)生(如安排好的事情)或按照時間表進行的事情,用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達將來,句子中可以有將來時間。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(開往海口的

6、列車上午8點開車) 在時間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo))和條件狀語從句中(以if,unless引導(dǎo)),用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時,句子可以有將來時間。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國就給我打電話) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家) 一般現(xiàn)在時用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)生的動作,動詞以come, go為主。如：Here come

7、s the bus. (車來了) / There goes the bell.(鈴響了)。(2) 一般過去時 表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),這種動作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性,也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生。表示過去具體時刻發(fā)生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六點鐘起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點半把窗子打

8、破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進房間時發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人正和他父親談話)表示過去一段時間內(nèi)不知何時發(fā)生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。 如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來到我們市)表示過去一個階段中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情時,時間狀語有：last, in, fromto, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, alw

9、ays, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.講故事、對過去經(jīng)歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時,而且經(jīng)常省略時間狀語。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)(3) 一般將來時 表示將來某一時刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。一般將來時的時間狀語有：tomorrow,this (afternoon

10、),next (year),one day,now,soon,someday,sometime, in the future, when引導(dǎo)的從句等。用will構(gòu)成的將來時,表示動作與人的主觀愿望無關(guān)。“shall”用于第一人稱,“will”用于所有人稱。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學畢業(yè)了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一個人過了) “am/is/are going to+動詞原形”表示打算或準備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情,而“am/is/are

11、to +動詞原形”表示安排或計劃中的動作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一個人告訴他們那個婦女就會生下那個特別的男孩)/ Its going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)表示一個人臨時決定要做某事,可以用will表達。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學藥劑). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學實驗室去取些藥品,請等我回來)現(xiàn)在進行時、一般現(xiàn)在時也可以表示將來。(見相應(yīng)

12、時態(tài)) shall和will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當于情態(tài)動詞。Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動物園好嗎？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門打開好嗎？) “be to +動詞原形”表示按照計劃將要發(fā)生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.(4)現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進行的

13、動作。 現(xiàn)在進行時由“助動詞be (am is are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 現(xiàn)在進行時的時間狀語有： now, this , these等,但經(jīng)常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在寫一本長篇小說) 表示即將發(fā)生的動作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：Im coming now.(我就來)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)

14、/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)(5)過去進行時 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在進行的動作。 過去進行時由“was(第一、三人稱單數(shù))或were(第二人稱單數(shù)和各人稱的復(fù)數(shù))+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 過去進行時的時間狀語有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的時間狀語從句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個時候他正在做晚飯)/ The little g

15、irl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時候她正在玩玩具) 用于賓語從句或時間狀語從句中,表示與主句動作同時進行而且是延續(xù)時間較長。句子中通常不用時間狀語。如：She saw it happen when she was walking past.(她路過時看到事情的發(fā)生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他們在黑暗的森林里走時唱了很多歌)(6)現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個發(fā)生在過去的、對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作,或表示開始在過

16、去,并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至還可能延續(xù)下去的動作。 在完成時由“助動詞have (has)+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。表示發(fā)生在過去的對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作時,時間狀語有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前從來沒有看過這么好的畫)/ He has just gone to England.(他剛?cè)ビ?表示在過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(可能延續(xù)下去)的動作或狀態(tài)時,時間狀語有：for (two years),

17、since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開家鄉(xiāng)有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作)口語中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書館有上萬本書)have been to與have gone

18、 to的區(qū)別：have gone to(“已經(jīng)去了”)表示人不在這里,have been to(“去過”)表示人在這里。 如：-Where is Mr Li? He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英國。)/ -Do you know something about Beijing? Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情況嗎？是的,我去過那里三次。)(7) 過去完成時 過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。簡言之, 過去完成時所表示的時間是“過去的過去”。過去完成時由“助動詞had+動

19、詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 過去完成時時間狀語有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last)或者由when,before等引出狀語從句。有時句子中會有already, just, once, ever, never等詞語,也會有for 或since構(gòu)成的時間狀語。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(當老師來的時候他們已經(jīng)打掃完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a che

20、at.(在他發(fā)覺那個婦女是個騙子時她已經(jīng)走掉了) 過去完成時常用于賓語從句中、after引導(dǎo)的從句中,或者從句是before引導(dǎo)的主句中。 如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他說他以前從來沒有見過袋鼠) (8) 過去將來時 過去將來時表示在過去預(yù)計將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時由“助動詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)+動詞原形”構(gòu)成

21、。在美國英語中,過去將來時的助動詞一律用“would +動詞原形”。 過去將來時常由于賓語從句中,時間狀語有：later, soon, the next (day).在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中不可以使用過去將來時,而應(yīng)該使用一般過去時。 如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答應(yīng)付給我許多錢如果我?guī)椭隳莻€項目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(以前每次只要他有空他就會坐下

22、來看看書)表示純粹的將來時用would或should,表示打算或主觀認為的事情用was/were going to (+動詞原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告訴我她下個月就18歲了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步)過去將來時還可以表示一個過去經(jīng)常性的動作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨

23、時他會隨身帶一把雨傘)(9)現(xiàn)在完成進行時：現(xiàn)在完成進行時指一個從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并由可能繼續(xù)下去的動作,它具有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進行時雙重特征,結(jié)構(gòu)是：“have/has + been +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。 如：I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已經(jīng)在冰冷的水里游了將近兩個小時)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在這里一直等了多久？)時態(tài)綜合練習（一）1. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the ear

24、ly 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.A. begin                      B. Began C. have begun           &

25、#160;      D. had begun2. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families.A. will often see          B. often see C. are often seeing        &#

26、160; D. have often seen3. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _?A. was leaving            B. had left C. has left            

27、       D. Left4. What were you doing when Tony phoned you?I had just finished my work and_ to take a shower.A. had started              B. Started C. have started       &

28、#160;     D. was starting5. I _ you not to move my dictionarynow I cant find it.A. asked                     B. Ask C. was asking         &#

29、160;       D. had asked6. Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A. did                         B. has done C. was d

30、oing               D. had done7. Whats that terrible noise?The neighbors _ for a party.A. have prepared           B. are preparing C. prepare      

31、60;      D. will prepare8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered      B. has been considering C. considered    D. is going to consider9. The teacher, with 6 girls an

32、d 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was                        B. were C. had been           

33、          D. would be10. The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A. was coming                B. had come C. has come      

34、60;             D. came11. Because the shop _ , all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed down         B. closed down C. is closing down        D. h

35、ad closed down12. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions.A. will never reach         B. have never reached C. never reach          D. never reached13. My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid

36、 I _ half of it.A. was missing                 B. had missed C. will miss              D. missed14. You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh, I _ fo

37、r a friend from England at the airport.A. was waiting                  B. had waited C. am waiting               D. has waited時態(tài)綜合練習（二）1. She has

38、 set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.A. have reached                B. has reached C. are reaching               D. had re

39、ached2. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her somewhere.A. saw                              B. has seen C. sees     &

40、#160;                D. had seen3. The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waiting             B. had been w

41、aiting C. had waited               D. would wait4. She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.A. would change             

42、0;   B. has changed C. changed               D. was changing5. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since.A. is         

43、60;                    B. was C. has been                         D. had been6. You h

44、avent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt saying             B. dont say C. wont say        &

45、#160;   D. didnt say7. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days.A. be stayed                          B. stay C. be staying 

46、60;               D. have stayed8. How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long.A. has been                     B.

47、had been C. was                        D. will be9. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.Where was I?You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A. had said                 &