初中英語——可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞解析及練習(xí)

1、初中英語可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個(gè)數(shù)計(jì)算的，這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞分為個(gè)體名詞（表示某類人或事物中的個(gè)體，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集體名詞（表示作為一個(gè)整體來看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等）。如果普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個(gè)數(shù)來計(jì)算的，這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞（表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名詞（表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念，如work, homework, tim

2、e, health, friendship等）。二、關(guān)于可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個(gè)人或一件事物時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式；指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下：1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。如：book books room rooms house houses day days2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es 。如：bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes3. 以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的名詞，要先將y改為i再加-es。如：

3、city cities body bodies factory factories等等。4. 以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，要將f或fe改為v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leaves knife knives wife wives5. 特例 悄悄話：特例常常考，要記住。 child children man men woman women policeman policemen（規(guī)律：man men） tomato tomatoes potato potatoes初中英語以o 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只有這兩個(gè)詞加-es，其余的當(dāng)然加-s嘍！如：photo photos foot

4、feet tooth teeth悄悄話： oo變成ee。 sheep, Chinese, Japanese單、復(fù)數(shù)同形悄悄話：變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)詞形不變。 people單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，要求謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；people的復(fù)數(shù)形式peoples通常指“多個(gè)民族”。三、關(guān)于不可數(shù)名詞1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)，當(dāng)它作句子的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鮮。2. 有的不可數(shù)名詞也可以作可數(shù)名詞，有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但他們的意義往往發(fā)生變化。如：water （水） waters （水域） orange （橘汁） oranges （橘子）3. 很多的不可數(shù)名詞

5、表示泛指時(shí)為不可數(shù)，表示種類時(shí)就可數(shù)，但意義大多不發(fā)生變化。如：fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs四、名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)“六注意”1、可數(shù)名詞是可以用來計(jì)數(shù)的名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可數(shù)名詞是不可以直接用來計(jì)數(shù)的名詞。不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式。如：some bread， a little milk等。2、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞a（an），表示特指時(shí)，前面要用定冠詞the; 而不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a（an）修飾，表示特指時(shí)，前面一定要用定冠詞the。

6、如：He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。 No one can see air. 沒有人能看見空氣。3、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等來修飾，表示"一些，許多"。如：There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有許多水。4、可數(shù)名詞前可用具體的數(shù)詞來表示具體的數(shù)量。如：two apples, four books等。不可數(shù)名詞前通常用"單位詞+of&qu

7、ot;來表示數(shù)量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。5、可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。如：This picture is very beautiful. 這幅畫很美。不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，但是不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)"單位詞"時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有兩杯茶。6、對(duì)可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how many; 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how much。 如：How many apples

8、are there in the box?盒子里有多少個(gè)蘋果？How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？注意：對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的"單位詞"的修飾語提問時(shí)，疑問詞用how many。 如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盤子里有多少片面包？   英語中的名詞按其表示的事物性質(zhì)的不同可分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。這兩種名詞在用法上是有區(qū)別的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：     一、可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，如：  

9、 mapmaps；oniononions；bakerbakers     不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式。如： some water；a lot of bread     二、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞a （an）；而不可數(shù)名詞不能用a（an）。如：   Li Hong is a driver. I am a teacher.李紅是一名司機(jī)，我是一名教師。      We can't see milk on the t

10、able.我們看不見桌上有牛奶。     友情提醒在表示特指時(shí)，不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞前都要用定冠詞the。如：     Pass me the ball，please.請(qǐng)把球傳給我。     The chicken on the plate is yours.盤子里的雞肉是你的。     三、可數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)可用many等詞修飾。如：many apples，a lot of tomatoes，a few pens  &#

11、160;  不可數(shù)名詞則要用much、a little等詞修飾。如：much meat，a little bread，little water     Tips這兩類名詞都可以被some、any、a lot of （lost of） 等修飾。如：some eggs/paper（紙）。     A lot of （lots of） knives/orange juice     四、可數(shù)名詞前通?？捎镁唧w的數(shù)詞來修飾。如： three women，ten b

12、abies     不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量的多少時(shí)，必須與表示數(shù)量的名詞連用，即“數(shù)詞+表示數(shù)量的名詞（可數(shù)名詞）+of+ 不可數(shù)名詞”。如：     two glasses of milk兩杯牛奶  five pieces of bread五片面包     五、可數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)須保持一致。不可數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式。如：There is some rice in the bowl.碗里有些米飯。  

13、0;  All the students are in the classroom.所有的學(xué)生都在教室里。     Tips如果不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There are two bags of rice in the room.房間里有兩袋子大米。     六、對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many；對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用how much，但對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時(shí)要用how many。如：    

14、0;I can see two pictures on the wall.How many pictures can you see on the wall？     There is a lot of pork in the basket.How much pork is there in the basket？     I want three glasses of water.How many glasses of water do you want？     七、另外

15、，有些集合名詞也是可數(shù)名詞，但不同的是，它們以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，如people，police，family等；而有些可數(shù)名詞本身就以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如clothes，glasses（眼鏡）等；有的可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，如Japanese，sheep，Chinese等。如：     The Chinese people are hardworking and brave.中國人民勤勞勇敢。     The sports clothes are new.這些運(yùn)動(dòng)服是新的。    

16、; I have one sheep. He has two sheep.我有一只羊，他有三只羊。 可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的練習(xí)I.找出下列笑話中的可數(shù)名詞，并寫出其復(fù)數(shù)形式：In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, thats true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80

17、 dollars!”II.找出不可數(shù)名詞，在橫線上打勾，并將可數(shù)名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式： homework _ half _ advice_ money _ knowledge _ boot _ blood _ music _ chicken _ heat _ mouth _ bread _ information _ milk _ cow _ tear _III.選擇填空：1The deer has four _ A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2Her two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C.

18、policemen D. policemens3There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans4Two _ would come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors5Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6The _ h

19、as two _. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. woman B. women C. man D. men9There are lots of _ in the basket on the t

20、able. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices三.用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5.

21、There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Let's take_(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white_(hair).12. They are_(woman) doctors.13. Ca

22、n you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please?14. There are many_(fox) in the picture15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty. There be句型 一、專題講解 1、定義： There be 結(jié)構(gòu)“某地有某人(某物)”。其基本句型為“There be + 某物或某人(主語) + 某地”。 2、be動(dòng)詞的選擇： There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞be（is / are）在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致。主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)

23、用is ；主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。 3、具體結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) There is + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語. E.g. There is a desk in the classroom. 在教室里有一張桌子。 (2) There are + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語. E.g. There are 5 apples in the box. 盒子里有五個(gè)蘋果。 口訣：“有” 字放前面，有“啥”放中間； 時(shí)間地點(diǎn)放后面；單數(shù)is, 復(fù)數(shù)are；注意be的兩變化。 4、句型變化： (1)、否定句：there be的否定式通常在be后加not。 E.g. There is a bike under

24、 the tree. 樹下有一輛自行車 There isn't a bike under the tree. E.g. There are 2 little girls in the room.在房間里有兩個(gè)小女孩。 There aren't 2 little girls in the room. (2)、一般疑問句及其答語： 1、一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞提前,首字母大寫,句末用問號(hào)即可。 2、回答時(shí)，“用什么問，就用什么答”，用Is / Are there來提問，就用there is / are來回答。 肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, th

25、ere isn't / aren't. E.g. 1、There are two cats in the tree.樹上有兩只貓。 Are there two cats in the tree? Yes, there are. No, there aren't. . 2、There is a computer on the desk . 在桌子上有一臺(tái)電腦。 Is there a computer on the desk？ Yes, there is. No, there isn't.課堂練習(xí)：1. There is a new bed and an old d

26、esk in the room .否定句： 一般疑問句 ： 否定回答 ： 5、some和any在“there be”句型中的用法： some 一些（some用于肯定句） any 一些（any用于否定句和一般疑問句） 注意：There be句型在變成否定句或一般疑問句時(shí)，要注意把句中的some變成any。 E.g.1、There is some water in the bottle .在瓶子里有一些水。 There isn't any water in the bottle.（否定句） Is there any water in the bottle？（一般疑問句） 2、There a

27、re some children in the picture. 圖片里有一些小孩。 There aren't any children in the picture. （否定句） Are there any children in the picture？（一般疑問句）課堂練習(xí)：1. - Are there _ shops near here? - No, there are _ shops near here. A. some, not  B. some, any    C. any, not   D. any, no 2

28、There are some tables on the floor.（變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?6、就近原則：若句子中有幾個(gè)并列的主語時(shí) be的形式要與離其最近的一個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 E.g. 1.There is a pen, two pencils and some books on the desk. 書桌上有一支鋼筆、兩支鉛筆和一些書。 2.There are two pencils, a pen and some books on the desk. 書桌上有兩支鉛筆、一支鋼筆和一些書。3.There some books，two pencils and a pen on the d

29、esk. 書桌上有一些書、兩支鉛筆和一支鋼筆。課堂練習(xí)：There milk and eggs on the table .在桌子上有牛奶和雞蛋。 There eggs and milk on the table. 7、“there be” 和“have”的區(qū)別 There be表示“存在有” ；have（has）表示“所屬有”。他們都翻譯為“有”，但具體用法不相同，且兩種結(jié)構(gòu)不能同時(shí)合用。 E.g.1、I have a book .我有一本書。（注：書歸我所有，我是書的主人。 所屬有） 2、There is a book on the desk .在桌子上有一本書。（書只是存在于桌子上，但書

30、不屬于桌子所有。） 8、常見的的介詞和介詞短語： 介詞：at 在. in 在.里面 on 在.上面 under 在.下面 behind 在.后面 near 在.附近 介詞短語舉例： at home 在家 in the box 在盒子 on the floor 在地板上 under the tree 在樹下 behind the door 在門后面 near the zoo 在動(dòng)物園附近 in front of 在前面 （2）變式練習(xí) 一、用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。 1. There _a map on the wall. 2. There _many things on her desk. 3.

31、There _a big dog and a small cat near the table. 4. There _two bikes under the tree. 5. There _a pen, two pencils and an eraser in the pencil-box. 6. There _some books, a pencil-box and a pen on her desk. 7.There some milk in the glass. 8.There some people under the big tree. 9.There lots of flowers

32、 in our garden. 二、單選題 1. _ there a radio on your desk? A.  Are        B. Is C. Am 2. _ there a map on the wall? Yes, there _. A. Are / is      B. Is / are     C. Is / is     D. Are /are 3.There _

33、 two apples, one orange and one banana on the table. A. has   B. are C.am D.is 4.There _ a pencil, a book and two pens on the table. A.is        B. are C.am D.have 5. Are there _ pictures on the wall? No, there aren't _ . A. any / any B. some / any

34、60;   C. some / some D. any/some 6.There_ some water in the cup .A. is B.am C. are D. be 二、鞏固練習(xí)一、用 have或has填空。 1I _ a nice picture. 2He _ a good friend. 3They _ some kites. 4We _ some flowers. 5Her mother _ a vase(花瓶). 6Nancy _ many skirts. 7My friends _ a football. 8What do you _ ? 9What

35、do your friends _ ? 10His brother _ a basketball. 1.把下列句子改為否定句和一般疑問句。 1I have a ping-pong ball. 否 疑 2There is a book and a pen in the bag. 否 疑 3His aunt has a new TV. 否 疑 4There are some boys in our class. 否 疑 五、拓展訓(xùn)練一、單選題 1.There_ some water in the cup .A. is B. am C. are D. be 2. _there a book on t

36、he desk now ? A. Is B. Are C. Were D. Was 3. How many people _in your family ?A. do you have B. are there C. you had D. there are 4.There _any trees in front of the classroom. A. isn't B. aren't C. hasn't D. haven't 5. There _sheep in the field . A. is B. are much C. are many D. are

37、a 6. There are _in the field .They are eating grass. A. a horse B. much horses C. many horse D. many horses 7. There _a new bed and an old desk in the room . A. is B. are C. have D.has 8._any trees in the picture ? A. Is there B. Are there C. Was there D. Were there 9.There _ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk. A. is a B. are some C. has a D. have some 10. How many _ are there in your classroom? A. desks B. desk C. ch