主謂一致（課堂PPT）

1、1主主 謂謂 一一 致致 2概念概念: : 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 3找出下列句子的錯(cuò)誤找出下列句子的錯(cuò)誤1.The police is comimg soon. 2.The sad news make me cry. 3.My shoes is new .4.The rich is going to be looked after well.5.This pair of glasses are mine.6.The first class begin at eight every morning.先測(cè)一測(cè)先測(cè)一測(cè). m

2、akesareareareisbeginsLets try.41.Our class are going to hike next week Our class are big and clean .2.A speaker and writer does exercise every day. A speaker and a writer does exercise every day.Do you know the differences?3.A number of Chinese are learning English. The number of the students are fo

3、rty.哪一句表達(dá)正確？哪一句表達(dá)正確？5主謂一致三原則主謂一致三原則1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則： 指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系。指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系。主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;反之反之,謂謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式. Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground.62、意義一致原則：意義一致原則： 指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單,復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念概念,而不取決于表面上的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記而不取決于表面上的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記. 指

4、主語(yǔ)形式上指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 My family are having lunch now. Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.My family is a big family. There are twenty dollars on the desk.7（1）主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)）主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)

5、動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。My family (be) watching TV at 7 oclock yesterday evening.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有people、police、等、等。（2）主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂）主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The news (be) very exciting.復(fù)數(shù)形式代表單數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式代表單數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有news、works（工（工廠）、廠）、means和以和以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱physics、politics、economics等。等。 i

6、sare8就近一致原則：就近一致原則： 指當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞組成時(shí)指當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞組成時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致. Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. There is a pen and some books on the desk. 提提 示：示：一般說(shuō)來(lái)一般說(shuō)來(lái), ,究竟何時(shí)采用何種原則究竟何時(shí)采用何種原則, ,應(yīng)視英語(yǔ)習(xí)應(yīng)視英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用法而定慣用法而定. .但在實(shí)際使用中但在實(shí)際使用中, ,如果對(duì)上述

7、三種如果對(duì)上述三種原則捉摸不定時(shí)原則捉摸不定時(shí), ,遵循語(yǔ)法一致的原則是一種遵循語(yǔ)法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法比較穩(wěn)妥的方法. .9名詞作主語(yǔ)名詞作主語(yǔ) 1. 單數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The desk is Toms. Some water is in the bottle. The students are playing football on the playground. 10 2. 2. 某些集體名詞，如某些集體名詞，如family, team, clubfamily, team, club， classclass，publ

8、icpublic， groupgroup等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 11 3. 3. 某些集體名詞，如某些集體名詞，如people, police, people, police, clothesclothes等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必 須用復(fù)數(shù)。須用復(fù)數(shù)。 The pol

9、ice are searching for the thief. 4. 4. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如 sheep, sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese fish, Chinese, Japanese 主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。 A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 12 5. 5. 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，

10、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。一般用單數(shù)。 The doctors is across the street. My uncles is not far from here. 常見的省略名詞有：常見的省略名詞有：the bakersthe bakers（面包（面包房）房）, the barbers, the barbers（理發(fā)店）（理發(fā)店）, the , the ZhangsZhangs（張家）等。（張家）等。 注注: the : the 姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式則表姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式則表示一家人示一家人。 The Greens are having breakfast now. 13 6. 6. 表

11、示成雙成套的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)表示成雙成套的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, shoes, chopsticks, pantsglasses, shoes, chopsticks, pants等。等。 The pants are mine. My glasses are on the table. 但如果主語(yǔ)用但如果主語(yǔ)用“a kind of, a pair of , a series ofa kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。

12、A pair of shoes was under the desk. Two pairs of shoes were under the desk.14 7 7當(dāng)表示國(guó)家，城市，人名，書名，當(dāng)表示國(guó)家，城市，人名，書名，報(bào)紙，雜志，及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主報(bào)紙，雜志，及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，作為整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。語(yǔ)時(shí)，作為整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The United States lies in North America. 8 8news news ，mathsmaths，physics physics ，politicspolitics等詞貌似復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)，其等詞

13、貌似復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). . No news is good news. Maths is very popular in our class 15連接詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)連接詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ) 161 1 用用andand或或bothandbothand連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises. 注：注：A A：并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物：并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或或 同一

14、概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。否則，用同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。否則，用復(fù)數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)。 這種情況常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式：這種情況常有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式： a.+n.+and+na.+n.+and+n，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；，指的是同一個(gè)人或物； a.+n.+and +a.+n.a.+n.+and +a.+n.，指兩個(gè)人或物。，指兩個(gè)人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming. B B：由：由andand連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)之前如果分別連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)之前如果分別由由each, every, 等修飾

15、時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是等修飾時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是each/every+n.+and +(each/every)+n.，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。要用單數(shù)形式。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work. 172 2當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有as well as, along with, with, like, together with, but, except, besides, including, ,等引等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由前面的主導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由前面的

16、主語(yǔ)而定。語(yǔ)而定。 (1) The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. (2) The women with two children is my aunt(3) Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football (4) The students ,including their teacher, are going to the brave man.(5) Nobody except Mr. Li and Mrs. Li likes soprts.(6) Mr.

17、Li besides his sons likes sports. 18 3以以 eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等連接的名詞（代詞）作等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。則。 Either you or he is to go. Not one but all of us are hoping to be there. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)就近一致原則結(jié)構(gòu)，依據(jù)就近一致原則。 There is a book , two pens on the desk

18、.There are two pens , a book in the desk.19 (1) Here are two novels. One is written in English. The other is in Chinese. (2) Is everyone here today. (3) Something is wrong with him. (4) None of them has seen the film. (5) Either of the boys is ready. (6) Neither of these words is correct. (7) Each o

19、f the pens costs three dollars. (8) Nobody was in. 4不定代詞不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。 20分?jǐn)?shù)和量詞作主語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)和量詞作主語(yǔ) 21 1 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，度量、距離、金額、表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，度量、距離、金額、書名，重量

20、，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短書名，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式。 (1) Two months is a long holiday. (2) Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. (3) Ten miles isnt a long distance. (4) Five minus four is one. (5) The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 22 2分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù)百分?jǐn)?shù))+of

21、 +名詞名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。后面的名詞的數(shù)。 Ten percent of the apples were bad . 注意注意: population 一詞，用作整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單一詞，用作整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù)，用其部分做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants 3a number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動(dòng)詞用復(fù)后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代

22、詞，其動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但數(shù)形式；但the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，其后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 The number of the teachers in No. 2 Middle School is over 100. a number of them are young. 23名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ) 如果主語(yǔ)由如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任表結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任表示一類人或物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞示一類人或物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：有： the poor, the rich, the blind, the young,

23、the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb. The rich often help the poor.2425一、給句子填上一、給句子填上is/am/are1.There _some milk and some bottles on the table.2.Neither Jim nor Mary _ right.3.Either you or I _ going to work there.4.Not only the students but also their teacher _happy. 5.There _some sheep a

24、nd a child over there.isisamisare26There be _ A _ and _ B _Either _A_ or_ B _Neither_A_nor_B_Not only_A_but also_B_動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞Thinking makes Thinking makes you cleveryou clever就近原則就近原則271.Behind the house _(be)some trees.2.Every student and every teacher _(come) to school on time in the morning.3.No man an

25、d no woman _(like) these shoes.4.He or she _(have) gone there.5.What he said_(sound) reasonable.6. “I”_(be) the ninth letter.Can you work them out?Can you work them out?arecomeslikeshassoundsisTrue gold fears not the fire.28找出各句中的錯(cuò)誤找出各句中的錯(cuò)誤1.A number of students has seen the film. 2.This kind of app

26、les taste very good. 3.Not only my classroom but also my teacher are fond of sports.4.The Greens has returned to England. 5.Those who only thinks of themselves can never be happy. 6.When each person come in ,they must show their tickets .have tastesishavethinkcomesThink carefully297.Ten thousand pounds are a lot of money. 8.Mary likes many other girls likes dancing .9.We are Chinese . You two are German. 10.The singer and dancer look very young .11.Bread and butter are my favorite breakfast.12.Nobody but the twin sisters know the secret. I can make itislikeGermanslooksisknows3