語音課講義意群和連讀

1、意群（Sensegroup）一個(gè)句子可以按照意義和語法結(jié)構(gòu)分成幾個(gè)部分，每一個(gè)部分可稱為一個(gè)意群。意群通常是一個(gè)詞組或短語，當(dāng)然也可以 是一個(gè)詞或是一個(gè)句子。意群的劃分：正確劃分意群是準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)的矢鍵。意群是根據(jù)語義、語法和語調(diào)這三個(gè)因素來劃分的。從語義、語法上講，意群必須是能 夠表達(dá)某種意思的一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語、一個(gè)從句、一個(gè)分句或一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子；從語調(diào)上講，意群必須是可以用降調(diào)、升調(diào)和 平調(diào)來朗讀的一個(gè)語調(diào)單位。意群與意群通常用符號“丨分割。1. 依據(jù)語義來劃分意群例如：L m busy.個(gè)句子只包含一個(gè)意群。）She told me I she has changed her job（兩個(gè)意

2、群）Yesterday I he went to New York I by （三個(gè)意群）Before 1992, I Used to live in Australia I and worked as a doctor.（三個(gè)意群）由此可見'一個(gè)意群可以是一個(gè)詞' 女口 ： yesterday； 個(gè)短語，女口 ： by air； 一個(gè)從句»女口 ： She has changed her job.或是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，如：I 1 m busy.2. 劃分意群的主要依據(jù)是句中詞與詞的語法尖系1）各種偏正詞組（由修飾語和中心語組成）。例女1 : an apple, pre

3、tty girl, railway station, study hard2）各種短語 ° 例女1 : in front of the buildi ng, to see a doctor, sleepi ng car, Io ng ago3）各種簡短主謂句。例如：He looks pale.we ve gien up.He gave me a no vel. I heard you singing.4）各種簡短從句。例妝:How the prisoner escaped I is a completemystery.（主語從句）The fact is thatnobody take

4、 it seriously.（表語從句）He asked me where he can find her.（賓語從句）This is the room wherb Jord on had ever lived.（定語從句）如果句子很長，上述各種結(jié)構(gòu)還可以按一定規(guī)則劃分成若干意群。例女: What can be done I in order to make sure I that no one in the world goes hungry?We have two ears I arydone tongue I in order that we may hear moreI and spe

5、ak less.3. 意群的劃分還同語速有尖。同一個(gè)句子，語速快時(shí)劃分出來的意群可以少些；語速慢時(shí)劃分岀來的意群可以多些。練一練：先自己劃分意群，然后對照視頻劃分意群。1. I 1 m honored to be here with you today because let it: You accbmpfisted something I never could.2. But today I wanna share what I1 ve learned about our generation and the waildbwilding together. 1 re3. I dedicate

6、 this, my last editorial, to an extraordinary woman who lived by example and compelled us all to seethe world through new eyes. By the time you read this, she 1 II be sailing to Europe where I know she walls to break down and new ideas to replace them with.連讀（Liaison ）英語的語流像流水一樣無間斷特別是在意璉內(nèi)部二迥語詞之間聽不出有

7、明顯的界限。前詞的尾音同后詞的首音通常連在一起發(fā)音，這種語音現(xiàn)象叫做連讀。連讀是一種自然地由一個(gè)音向另一個(gè)音滑動(dòng)的過程，中間不停頓，前 后兩個(gè)音必須一氣呵成。說明：連讀必須衽同一意群之內(nèi)進(jìn)行。a）Yesterday when he was there, /forgot to speak to ? him.逗號把there和I分隔在兩個(gè)分句中» there和I分屬兩個(gè)意群，不能連讀。b）Shall we dine outjf ? it ? is ? OK?out和if之間雖無逗號隔開，但它們不屬于同一意群，因此也不能連讀。英語的連讀主要有以下四種情況：1 同一意群中，前詞的尾輔音和后詞

8、的首元音通?？梢赃B讀。例如:ran ? out ； stand ? up； in ? an ? hour ； not ? at ? all ； an ? American writerSchool ? is over. China is ? in ? Asia. What ? is ? your name?2. 在同一意群中，前詞的尾輔音和后詞的首輔音通?？梢赃B讀。例如：hot ? bath （ /"不完全爆破）good ? night （/d/改為鼻爆破）at ? last （ /"改為舌側(cè)爆破）one ? more （ /n/被/m/ 同化）ten ? thousand

9、 （ /n/同化成舌尖齒背音）next ? day （ /t/省音）a good ? deal （ /d/ 省音）3. 在同一意群中相鄰的兩個(gè)詞，前詞的尾音 / a :/ /?:/ /?/ /?/ /? /e?/ /?/并以字母r或re結(jié)尾，同時(shí)后詞以元音開頭，字母r或re要發(fā)/r/的音并與后面的元音連讀，這種連讀叫做連讀。例女：stir ? up； far ? away ； after ? all； for ? example； more ? and more； four ? America nf riends here ? a nd there； take care ? of； poor

10、? old man ； There ? is ? a pair ? of shoes under the bed.例外情況：1）兩個(gè)詞不在同一意群，不能用連讀例J女口 ： She locked the door, and hurried away, door 禾口 and 不能用 r 連i賣'2）前詞的尾音節(jié)如果在拼寫上首尾都有字母r,不能用連讀例如：nearer ©nd nearer； nearer 禾口 and 不能用連讀A roar of laughter ； roar 禾口 of 不能用 r 連讀'3） 前詞的尾音節(jié)在拼寫上沒有字母r或re,不要插入/r/來連

11、讀例如：the idea of it； I saw it.在idea和of, saw和it之間應(yīng)避免插入連讀4. 在同一意群中相鄰的兩個(gè)詞，前詞詞尾和后詞詞首都是元音時(shí)也可以連讀，中間不必停頓。例女n : my ? only son; the ? early bird; I ? am; she ? is; grow ? up; do ? it補(bǔ)充（了解）：t/d/s/z+y 連讀（/t/+/j/T；/d/+/j/T/d?/s/+/j/T/?/z/+/j/ ？練一練：When I was a kid, I thought Zootopia was this perfect place, where every one got along and any one could be anything. Turns out, real life' s a little bit more complicated than a slogan on a bumper sticker. Real life is messy.We all have limitat