初中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-詳解配練習(xí)題(共13頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常和just(剛剛)，already（已經(jīng)），yet（已經(jīng)），never（從不），ever（曾經(jīng)），before（以前），so far（到目前為止）等時(shí)間狀語連用。-Have you had breakfast yet?你吃過早飯了嗎？-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.是的，我吃過了。我剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了。）Ive already read the book.我已經(jīng)讀過這本書了。（了解了書的內(nèi)容）2表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，還有可能繼續(xù)下去

2、，常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。They have lived here for twenty years.他們?cè)谶@里住了20年。（還可能繼續(xù)住下去）I havent seen him since he moved to Canada.自從他搬到加拿大我就沒看見他了。構(gòu)成肯定 主語+has/have +過去分詞否定 主語+has/have +not+過去分詞一般疑問句及答語Have/Has +主語+過去分詞+其他？Yes, 主語+ have/hasNo, 主語+havent/hasnt.I have found my pen.我找到我的鋼筆了。I hav

3、ent found my pen.我還沒有找到我的鋼筆。-Have you found your pen? 你找到你的鋼筆了嗎？-Yes, I have. 是的，我已經(jīng)找到了。-No, I havent. 不，我還沒有找到。動(dòng)詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成與過去式的構(gòu)成相同。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞須特殊記憶。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：Finish-finished-finishedLive-lived-livedStop-stopped-stopped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：go-went-gonesee-saw-seendo-did-donealready與yet的用法1.already與yet都有“已經(jīng)”

4、的意思，但already常用于肯定句中，放在助動(dòng)詞have/has之后，過去分詞之前；yet常用于疑問句和否定句中，并用于句末。Ive already seen the film.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。Have you seen the film yet?你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？2.yet用于否定句中，意為“還沒；尚未”，通常用于句末。I havent seen the film yet.我還未看過這部電影。3.already與yet的轉(zhuǎn)換：在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，含有already的陳述句變?yōu)榉穸ň浠蛞蓡柧鋾r(shí)，要把a(bǔ)lready改為yet，并放于句末。I have already finis

5、hed reading the book.我已經(jīng)讀完這本書了。否定句 I havent finished reading the book yet.我還未讀完這本書。Have you finished reading the book yet?你已經(jīng)讀完這本書了嗎？真題：1.( ) Our team _ another point! I am sure well win the game.A. will get B. has got C. is getting D. was getting 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示去過某地的用法，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子提問某人是否曾經(jīng)做過某事，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)

6、的句子表示某人從未做過某事。They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。Have you been to America?你曾經(jīng)去過美國(guó)嗎？I have never been there.我從未去過那里。1.have/has been to “曾經(jīng)去過某地”，可與never, ever, just, twice 等副詞連用。I have been to a nature museum.我去過自然博物館。Ive never been to a book market.我從沒去過圖書市場(chǎng)。Have you been to England?你曾經(jīng)去過英格蘭嗎？M

7、ary has been to the Palace Museum twice.瑪麗去過故宮兩次。2.have/has been to 與 have/has gone to 的區(qū)別have/has been to 表示“曾經(jīng)去過（某地）” 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來，不在那里了have/has gone to 表示 “去了（某地）” 現(xiàn)在還沒有回來，可能在去的途中，也可能在目的地She has been to shanghai. 她去過上海。（現(xiàn)在她不在上海了。）She has gone to shanghai. 她去了上海。（現(xiàn)在她已在上海或在途中。）3. ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的一般疑

8、問句中，位于主語的后面，過去分詞的前面。Have you ever been to Paris?你曾經(jīng)去過巴黎嗎？4. never意為“從來沒有，決不”，表示否定含義，常用于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后，過去分詞之前。They have never watched a football match.他們從未看過足球賽。5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況；一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。I have seen this film.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我已經(jīng)知道了電影的內(nèi)容。）i saw th

9、e film yesterday. 昨天我看過這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。）真題：（ ）-Ben, why are you watching TV at this time? How about your homework?-I _ all of it, Mom. I want to have a rest.A. finish B. am finishing C. have finished D. has finished 答案選 have finished 因?yàn)楸硎咀鳂I(yè)已經(jīng)完成了，所以現(xiàn)在才在看電視休息，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)影響。（2）常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：ever，never，j

10、ust，yet，in the past/last few years，recently, so far等。一般過去時(shí)常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year，ago，in 1990，just now等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. ( F)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. ( T )真題1.（ ）The boy misses his parents very much.-So he doe

11、s. They _ the hometown for nearly two years.A. have left B. will leave C. have been away from 2.( ) Hobo and Eddie _ the cinema to watch the film Zootopia.-Oh, thats why I cant find them now.A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to 答案 1-2 CA現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 1.表示從過去某時(shí)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的動(dòng)作

12、或狀態(tài)，可以和表從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的狀語，如“for+時(shí)間段”“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”“since引導(dǎo)的從句（一般過去時(shí)）”“since+一段時(shí)間+ago”等連用。for + 時(shí)間段 since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)since引導(dǎo)的從句（一般過去時(shí)）since+一段時(shí)間+agoI have lived here for ten years. 我已經(jīng)住在這兒10年了。（從10年前開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住在這兒。）I have lived here since 2007. 自從2007年以來我就住在這兒。（從2007年開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住在這兒。）注意： for與since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語可以

13、進(jìn)行相互轉(zhuǎn)換。My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.=My uncle has worked at this factory since five years ago. 我的叔叔已經(jīng)在這個(gè)工程工作5年了。2. 此種用法中表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（否定句除外）判斷 (1) Ive bought this book for three years. ( F )Ive had the book for three years. ( T )( 2) How long has your brother joined th

14、e army? ( F )How long has your brother been in the army? ( T )3延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)過、經(jīng)歷；非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。Ive known him since then.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。（表經(jīng)歷）He has finished the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。（表結(jié)果）（1）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法：1 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用 He joined the league three years ago.2 用” It is/ has been + 時(shí)間段+si

15、nce”句型It is/has been three years since I bought the book.3用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語為for + 時(shí)間段 since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) since引導(dǎo)的從句（一般過去時(shí)） since+一段時(shí)間+agoThe old man died 4 years ago. = the old man has been dead for 4 years.（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：1. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也被稱為終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。這類動(dòng)詞有：open, die,

16、 close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語，如two years ago, at 5 oclock等連用。He died 5 years ago.他5年前去世了。真題：She_ the book _ two days ago.A. had borrowed; since B. has kept; since C. kept; for 答案 選 B Borrow 非延續(xù) keep可延續(xù)2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這類動(dòng)詞有：learn, work, stand, know, w

17、alk, keep, wait, watch, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語“for+時(shí)間段”“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”“since引導(dǎo)的從句（一般過去時(shí)）”“since+一段時(shí)間+ago”等連用。（3）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：1. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。borrow-keep buy-have catch a cold-have a cold put on-wear got to know-know2. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為“be+形容詞/副詞/介詞/名詞等”。Begin/star-be on go

18、out-be out get to/arrive in/reach-be(in)die-be dead open-be open leave-be away finish-be over fall ill-be ill get up-be up become-be fall asleep- be asleep join- be in/ be a member of make friends- be friends come/go be +相應(yīng)的介詞短語2016年中考真題William Shakespeare _ for 400 years, but his works still have g

19、reat influence today.A. died B. was dying C. has died D. has been dead 答案選D 這是一道考時(shí)態(tài)+延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，由題目所知，要選die的正確形式，die首先是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞， 如果要表示死了一段時(shí)間，可用be dead來代替。類似的用法還有 然后看題目中，前半句，for 400 years，for+一段時(shí)間來判斷前面必須跟一個(gè)可延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞，由此可知選D答案。( ) Its nice to see you again. We _ each other since 2014.A. wont see B. dont see C. ha

20、vent seen D. didnt see 解析：關(guān)鍵詞法來做。句末 since 2014 自從2014年以來，可知時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選C?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)答案答案 1-5DBCDC（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）6-10 CBCAA （現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)2）11-15 DCCCA（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題：一、完成句子1._ you _(water) the flowers yet?2. Lucy _(leave) the country and gone to Thailand.3. She _ (be) here for three months.4. I _ already _(keep) the c

21、ar for two years.5.她剛剛喝了些茶。She _ _ _some tea.6.我還沒有成為他的粉絲。I _ _ his fan yet.7.這個(gè)樂隊(duì)已演奏了許多流行音樂。The band _ _ much pop music.8.你曾經(jīng)去過一個(gè)水上公園嗎？_ you _ _ _ a water park?9. 我已經(jīng)去過那兒幾次。I _ _ _ a couple of times.10. Tom bought the car two years ago. (改為同義句)Tom _ _ the car _ two years.11. They have been friends

22、for 10 years. (改為同義句)They have been friends _ 10 years ago.12. He has been in Wuhan for 5 years. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) has he been in Wuhan?13.Im sorry that his mother died last month. (改為同義句)Im sorry that his mother _ _ _for a month.二、單選1.( ). The storybook is very interesting. -I agree with you. I _ it twice

23、already.A.read B. will read C. am reading D. have read2.( ) Your shoes are so old. Why dont you buy a new pair? - Because I _ all my money on an MP5.A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending3. ( )-_you _your homework yet? -Yes, I finished it a moment ago.A.Did; finish B.Do;finish C.Have;

24、finished D.Will; finish4.( )Id like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter.-Thank you,Lucy. But we _ already.A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met5.( ) Mike, why are you watching TV again?-I_ my homework.A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished 6. ( )-Where is your father, Tom?-He

25、 _ to Changsha.A. goes B.has been C. has gone D. is 7.( )-Have you ever been to Shanghai?-Yes, I _ there a few months ago.A. have been B. went C. have gone D. will go 8. ( ) I _ to Hainan twice. Its beautiful.A. will go B. have gone C. have been D. went 9. ( ) You havent been to the West Lake, have you?-_.But I will go there with my parents thi