Book8-Unit-1--Language-Points

1、Unit 1 A Land of Diversity重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)短語1.live_繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存2.by _of 用用方法；借助方法；借助3._a life 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等作等4.keep _堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等統(tǒng)等)5.back_back 背靠背背靠背6._up with 與與合作或一起工作合作或一起工作onmeansmakeuptoteam7._out 劃線；標(biāo)出劃線；標(biāo)出界限界限8.take_包括；吸收包括；吸收9.a great/good_許多；許多；很多很多10._ war on/upon. 向

2、向宣戰(zhàn)宣戰(zhàn)11.apply_申請；請示得到申請；請示得到 declareformarkinmanyhave a population ofdiversity of culture50% (percent) of the students by means of in addition (to ) 有有人口人口 文化的多樣性文化的多樣性 50%的學(xué)生的學(xué)生4. 用用.方法方法5. 除除之外還之外還6. 被被統(tǒng)治統(tǒng)治7. 很大比例（的）很大比例（的）8. 對對宣戰(zhàn)宣戰(zhàn)9. 實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn).的夢想的夢想10. 開始開始/習(xí)慣于新的習(xí)慣于新的 生活方式生活方式/工作等，謀生工作等，謀生be ruled by

3、a large percentage (of) declare war on achieve ones dream of doing.make a life11. 保持，保存保持，保存12. 成為成為的家園的家園13. 到到的時(shí)候的時(shí)候14. 選擇選擇/決定做某事決定做某事15. 不久以后不久以后keep up become home toby the timeelect to dobefore long 1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 對人口提問用對人口提問

4、用whatWhats the population of China?(2) have a population of . 有多少人口有多少人口 China has a population of 1.3 billion.(3) 人口的多少用人口的多少用large和和small修飾。修飾。 China has the largest population in the world. (4) 表示整體人口時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表表示整體人口時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表示部分人口時(shí)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。示部分人口時(shí)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population of China_ large. And 70% of

5、 the population of China_ peasants. isare2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA,having attractedpeople from all over the world.It also has the distinction of being 意思是意思是Its special quality is 1）distinction: the quality of being special 特質(zhì)；特點(diǎn)；不同凡響特質(zhì)；特點(diǎn)；不同凡響 U

6、 have the distinction of 有有不同凡響不同凡響 /特別之處特別之處 她不同凡響，是第一個(gè)飛越太平洋的女子。她不同凡響，是第一個(gè)飛越太平洋的女子。She _ fly the Pacific. 托比的特別之處在于他是班上個(gè)子最高的托比的特別之處在于他是班上個(gè)子最高的.Toby has the distinction of being the tallest boy in the class.had the distinction of being the first woman to它的特別之處在于它是鎮(zhèn)上最老的房子它的特別之處在于它是鎮(zhèn)上最老的房子 It has the

7、distionction of being the oldest house in the town.2 distinction: the quality of being excellent 優(yōu)秀；杰出；優(yōu)秀；杰出； 卓越卓越 u 魯迅是一位優(yōu)秀作家。魯迅是一位優(yōu)秀作家。 Lu Xun is a writer of distinction. 這是一輛性能極其優(yōu)越的車。這是一輛性能極其優(yōu)越的車。 This is a car of great distinction. 曼德拉是一位極其卓越的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。曼德拉是一位極其卓越的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。 Mandela is a leader of great dist

8、inction.3)distinction: a clear difference差別、區(qū)別差別、區(qū)別Cdistinctions between traditional and modern societies 傳統(tǒng)社會和現(xiàn)代社會的差別傳統(tǒng)社會和現(xiàn)代社會的差別make a distinction between A and B 辯別辯別A和和B過去哲學(xué)家通常不把藝術(shù)和科學(xué)區(qū)別開來過去哲學(xué)家通常不把藝術(shù)和科學(xué)區(qū)別開來Philosophers did not use to make a distinction between arts and science.We should teach kid

9、s how to make a distinction between right and wrong.Being color-blind, he cant make a distinction between red and green.他說的和他做的有差別。他說的和他做的有差別。Theres a distinction between what he says and what he does.3. distinct adj.1）清晰的、明顯的）清晰的、明顯的 (easily and clearly heard , seen , felt , etc )廚房里有一股明顯的煤氣味。廚房里有一

10、股明顯的煤氣味。There was a distinct smell of gas in the kitchen.他說話聲音不大，但字字清晰他說話聲音不大，但字字清晰.His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.2）確實(shí)的；確定無疑的；不容忽視的）確實(shí)的；確定無疑的；不容忽視的 (that definitely exists or cannot be ignored)個(gè)子高給了托尼明顯的優(yōu)勢個(gè)子高給了托尼明顯的優(yōu)勢.Being tall gave Tony a distinct advantage. 這所大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生在找工作時(shí)有明顯的優(yōu)勢。這

11、所大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生在找工作時(shí)有明顯的優(yōu)勢。Graduates from this university have a distinct advantage when finding a job. 3）截然不同的；有區(qū)別的）截然不同的；有區(qū)別的 (clearly different) 這對雙胞胎有著這對雙胞胎有著截然不同的性格。截然不同的性格。 The twins have distinct personalities. 流行音樂與民族音樂截然不同。流行音樂與民族音樂截然不同。 Pop music is quite distinct from folk music.4. The customs an

12、d languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.1）繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)活著）繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)活著 （continue to exist/live) vi.她十年前就去世了，但她人們?nèi)匀粦涯钪Ｋ昵熬腿ナ懒?，但她人們?nèi)匀粦涯钪he died ten years ago, but her memory lives on. 杰克遜雖然去世了，他的音樂和舞蹈卻留杰克遜雖然去世了，他的音樂和舞蹈卻留/活在人們心中?；钤谌藗冃闹?。Michael Jackson died, but his music and dance live on.

13、2）live on sth. vt. 以以為生；以為生；以為主食為主食 Small birds live mainly on insects. People in the south live mainly on rice. 靠靠錢生活錢生活 vt.You cant always live on money from your parents.live on benefit/welfare 靠撫恤金靠撫恤金/福利救濟(jì)維持生活福利救濟(jì)維持生活 5. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, n

14、o one really knows. no one really knows 是是主語和謂語主語和謂語, exactly when as California是是knows的的賓語從句賓語從句。what we California是名詞性從句作介詞是名詞性從句作介詞in的賓語的賓語。 They arrived in _ We are now living in what is called Information Age.what is now called America 6. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living

15、in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 1) It is likely that . 有可能有可能 It is likely that she will succeed.2) sb. is likely to do sth. 某人有可能做某事某人有可能做某事 She is likely to succeed.7. means 手段；方法手段；方法1）單復(fù)同形。）單復(fù)同形。三種交通方式三種交通方式 three means of transportation一種通訊方式一種通訊方式 an effective means of commu

16、nication每一種方式都被試過了。每一種方式都被試過了。Every means has been tried.所有的方式都被試過了所有的方式都被試過了.All the means have been tried.2）by ( adj.) means （與與by連用）連用） by this /dishonest/fair means通過這種通過這種/不正當(dāng)不正當(dāng)/公平的方式公平的方式Only by this means can you solve the problem.只有通過這種方式你才能解決這個(gè)問題。只有通過這種方式你才能解決這個(gè)問題。3） by means of 用用辦法辦法; 借助

17、借助 We can succeed _(通過通過) hard work. 思想可以憑借音樂的形式來表現(xiàn)。思想可以憑借音樂的形式來表現(xiàn)。 Thoughts can be expressed by means of music.4）by no means 絕不，一點(diǎn)也不絕不，一點(diǎn)也不 She is by no means an inexperienced teacher. 她絕不是個(gè)毫無經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師。她絕不是個(gè)毫無經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師。 By no means _the problem without my help.by means of can you work out8. force into (doi

18、ng) sth. 她為境遇所迫而犯罪。她為境遇所迫而犯罪。She _ by circumstances. Poor health _ _ . The president was forced into resigning.= The president was forced to resign.was forced into crimeforced him intoearlier retirement He couldnt speak and had to make himself understood _ signs. Lei Feng died, but his spirit_. 我絕不會

19、屈服我絕不會屈服. By no means _。4. 我們正處于所謂的信息時(shí)代。我們正處于所謂的信息時(shí)代。 We are in _ _by means of lives on will I give in what is called/known as Information Age. 1. 我們必須明辨別是非。我們必須明辨別是非。 We must _ _.2. 他們希望這個(gè)國家的人能不區(qū)分對待白人與黑人。他們希望這個(gè)國家的人能不區(qū)分對待白人與黑人。They hoped that people in this country could_3. 羅斯福杰出不凡，是唯一一位被四次當(dāng)選的美國總統(tǒng)。羅

20、斯福杰出不凡，是唯一一位被四次當(dāng)選的美國總統(tǒng)。Roosevelt_ the only American president elected four times.make a distinctionbetween right and wrongmake no distinction between blacks and whiteshad the distinction of being9. survive vt. continue to live or exist in spite of a dangerous event or time幸存；幸免于難；挺過；幸存；幸免于難；挺過；艱難度過艱

21、難度過Only two passengers_.Many birds_.The company managed to survive the crisis.2) vi. It is hard to _.有些奇怪的風(fēng)俗是從早年留下來的。有些奇怪的風(fēng)俗是從早年留下來的。 Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.survived the air crashmight not be able to survive the wintersurvive in the jungle 10. Of the first Spanish to g

22、o to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. The majority of the first Spanish to go to California were religious men, majority n. 大多數(shù)大多數(shù) (1) the majority 單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語動詞謂語動詞用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語動詞 用復(fù)數(shù)用復(fù)數(shù) The

23、majority_ in favor of banning smoking.(2)the majority of+名詞，表示名詞，表示“多數(shù)多數(shù)”，其后，其后的謂語動詞的謂語動詞取決于取決于of之后的名詞之后的名詞。The majority of students _ hard-working. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.(3 ) be in the majority 占多數(shù)占多數(shù)Boys are in the majority in our class.In the nursing profession, women are in

24、 the majority.was / wereareis 11. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. remain :stay in the same place 留下、呆在留下、呆在 viEg: I didnt remain in town for too long. She begged him to remain at home. remain : link-v 依然是依然是Eg : remain

25、 silent/ standing/ seated/ unchanged/ a mystery/ a problem/ good friendsremain : still need to be done 仍需去做仍需去做Eg: Much remains to be done. It remains to be seen whether you are right. 2) make a life: find work somewhere and establish a home 在某處工作、建立家庭創(chuàng)建新在某處工作、建立家庭創(chuàng)建新的生活的生活 出生于一個(gè)偏僻的村莊，他想要在大城市上海安家立業(yè)。

26、出生于一個(gè)偏僻的村莊，他想要在大城市上海安家立業(yè)。 Born in a remote village, he wants to make a life for himself in the big city, shanghai. make a living: provide yourself the things that are necessary for life by doing something 謀生謀生(所干工作能提供生活所需所干工作能提供生活所需) 他通過賣菜謀生。他通過賣菜謀生。He makes a living by selling vegetables.3) despite

27、 great hardship= in spite of great hardship盡管他年事已高，他過著積極忙碌的生活。盡管他年事已高，他過著積極忙碌的生活。_, he leads an active life._ hes old, he leads an active life.盡管她竭盡全力控制自己，她的聲音仍然在顫抖。盡管她竭盡全力控制自己，她的聲音仍然在顫抖。Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it./despite the fact that she had made all her efforts t

28、o control it.盡管他申請了數(shù)百個(gè)工作，他仍然在失業(yè)中。盡管他申請了數(shù)百個(gè)工作，他仍然在失業(yè)中。Despite applying for hundreds of jobs/Despite the fact that he has applied for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.Despite/ In spite of his old ageDespite/ In spite of the fact that hardship : n u,c a situation thats difficult and unpleasant

29、 艱難，困苦艱難，困苦 在那個(gè)漫長的嚴(yán)冬，人們吃盡了苦頭。在那個(gè)漫長的嚴(yán)冬，人們吃盡了苦頭。 People suffered lots of hardship(s) during that long severe winter. 他一生中經(jīng)歷了許多艱難困苦。他一生中經(jīng)歷了許多艱難困苦。He has gone through much hardship all his life. 12. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was alread

30、y a multicultural society.by the time 到到的時(shí)候的時(shí)候, 可以相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連可以相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞詞, 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句.E.g. By the time the letter reaches you, I will have left this country.13. elect vt.1）選擇，決定做某事）選擇，決定做某事 （choose/decide to do sth）Increasing numbers of students elect to study abroad.He elected to become a doctor

31、.2）選舉，推選（）選舉，推選（choose sb to do a particular job by voting for them） elect sb (as/to be) sth 選舉某人擔(dān)任選舉某人擔(dān)任布什曾被當(dāng)選為美國總統(tǒng)布什曾被當(dāng)選為美國總統(tǒng)Bush _ of America. elect sb to sth 推選某人進(jìn)入某一組織推選某人進(jìn)入某一組織她成為第一個(gè)被選進(jìn)委員會的女性。她成為第一個(gè)被選進(jìn)委員會的女性。She became the first woman _.was ever elected ( as ) Presidentto be elected to the com

32、mittee/ board.14. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California,although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco.percentage _(1)percentage前不用具體的數(shù)字修飾，但可以被前不用具體的數(shù)字修飾，但可以被large, small等形容詞修飾等形容詞修飾。_ (大部分大部分) the population have their own car

33、s in America.In Japan a large percentage of married women stay at home.(2) percent 百分之百分之，相當(dāng)于，相當(dāng)于“%”，其前面往往用，其前面往往用具體數(shù)字修飾。具體數(shù)字修飾。_ (百分之五十的學(xué)生百分之五十的學(xué)生) came from workers family.n.n.百分比百分比;百分率百分率A large percentage of 50 percent of the students15. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of the

34、ir own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.1) establish : set up 建立，創(chuàng)立建立，創(chuàng)立 establish a town 建立城鎮(zhèn)建立城鎮(zhèn)establish a new business 開創(chuàng)新事業(yè)開創(chuàng)新事業(yè)establish friendship with建立友好關(guān)系建立友好關(guān)系2) keep up沿用（或沿襲，保持）沿用（或沿襲，保持）People there still _.Although he has immigrated to Canada, he still _. 堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持_ and you will succeed! （使某物）維持（在高水平，不降下來）（使某物）維持（在高水平，不降下來）The shortage of supplies _. vi. (天氣）持續(xù)不變天氣）持續(xù)不