高中英語英語時態(tài)完整版課件

1、一般現(xiàn)在時非單三人稱：動詞原形或單三人稱：動詞ess一直以來的習(xí)慣動作；目前狀態(tài)；規(guī)律 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則1、直接在動詞后、直接在動詞后+s like- likes play-plays2、以、以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的動詞：接尾的動詞：+es wash-washes3、以輔音、以輔音+o接尾的動詞：接尾的動詞：+es go-goes4、以輔音、以輔音+y接尾的動詞：變接尾的動詞：變y為為i+es fly-flies1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語語everyday, often, alwa

2、ys, once a week, seldom, usually等連用。等連用。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees. 3) 表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。Failure is the mother of

3、 success.失敗是成功之母。失敗是成功之母。4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性?，F(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 寫出下列動詞在句中的適當(dāng)形式：寫出下列動詞在句中的適當(dāng)形式：1 1）We _ (love) sports.We _ (love) sports.2 2）She _ (sing) well.She _ (sing) well.3 3）Tom and John _ (watch) TV Tom and John _ (watc

4、h) TV every evening. every evening.4 4）My son _ (go) to school by bike.My son _ (go) to school by bike.5 5）Their teacher usually _ (walk) to Their teacher usually _ (walk) to school. school.6 6）Five plus two _ (make) seven.Five plus two _ (make) seven.7 7）They all _ (like) him.They all _ (like) him.

5、8 8）The sun _ (fall) in the west.The sun _ (fall) in the west.lovesingswatchgoeswalksmakeslikefalls一般過去時 過去動作、過去習(xí)慣、過去狀態(tài) 一般在詞尾加一般在詞尾加 ed ask asked; help helped e.g. They asked me the time just now. 以以 e 結(jié)尾直接加結(jié)尾直接加 d arrive arrived e.g. I arrived late this morning. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，則雙寫以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，則雙寫 plan plan

6、ned e.g. We planned to go to the party. 以輔音字母以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾，去結(jié)尾，去 y 變變 i 加加 ed。 如 try tried; study studied e.g. He tried to climb the tree, but he could not. 例：例： go went drink drank eat ate see saw不規(guī)則動詞表不規(guī)則動詞表goam/ isarebeginmeetwritebuildbuycanhave/hastakecatchcomedoswimdrinkdriveeatgetseewas werebega

7、nmetwrotebuiltboughtcouldcaughtcamedidswamdrankdroveategotwenthadtookspendspentleaveleftsaw1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 時間狀語有：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。等。 I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表示在過去一段時

8、間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. 一、單項選擇：一、單項選擇：( )1 My father_ill(生病的生病的) yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent( )2 _your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were( )3. The twins(雙胞胎雙胞胎)_in Dal

9、ian last year. They_here now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; wasCDB( )4._your father at work the day_yesterday A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty(值日值日) last Friday _ A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt AB 一般將來時will do 將要發(fā)生、意志決心、臨時 決定、總是發(fā)生am/is/a

10、re going to do 事前做出的安排或打算；跡象表明要發(fā)生1) shall用于第一人稱，常被用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示將來。不定式，表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事。主語的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to

11、do tomorrow? b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month. c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about

12、 to leave for Beijing.be about to 不能與不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。時間狀語連用。 用于條件句時，用于條件句時，be going to表將來，表將來，will表意愿。例如：表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on y

13、ou in front of the mirror.be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 則表示主則表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如：觀的打算或計劃。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排客觀安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排主觀安排) 練一練：練一練： A、根據(jù)中文，完成句子，每空一詞。、根據(jù)中文，完成句子，每空一詞。1）我打算明天和我的朋友去旅行。）我打算明天和我的朋友去旅行。 I go on a

14、 trip with my friends tomorrow. 或者：或者：I go on a trip with my friends tomorrow. 2）下個星期一你打算去干嘛）下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。我想去打籃球。 -What next Monday? -I play basketball. 或者：或者：-What you do next Monday? -I play basketball. 3）你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。）你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。 - your mother go shopping this ? -Yes,

15、 she . She buy some fruit. Practiceam going towillare you going to doam going towillwillIs going toweekendIs is going to過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它是一個相對的時態(tài)，即立足于過去某時，從過去的某一時間看即它是一個相對的時態(tài)，即立足于過去某時，從過去的某一時間看即將發(fā)生的事情就要用這一時態(tài)。將發(fā)生的事情就要用這一時態(tài)。 1) He said his mother would buy a

16、 bike for him1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him 2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more. 2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more. 3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness? 3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness? wouldwouldshouldshould動詞原形動詞原形

17、（其中（其中 would would 用于各種人稱，用于各種人稱， should should 常用于第一人稱）。常用于第一人稱）。例如：例如： They were sure they would win the final victoryThey were sure they would win the final victory他們堅信會贏得最后勝利。他們堅信會贏得最后勝利。 He didnt expect that we shouldHe didnt expect that we should（wouldwould）all be thereall be there他沒想到我們都在那里。他

18、沒想到我們都在那里。 He said he was going to tryHe said he was going to try 他說他準(zhǔn)備試試。他說他準(zhǔn)備試試。 They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May DayDay 他們說這條鐵路將在五一節(jié)通車。他們說這條鐵路將在五一節(jié)通車。 We were about to go out when it began to rainWe were about to go

19、out when it began to rain 我們正要出去天（突然）下起雨來。我們正要出去天（突然）下起雨來。 I didnt know when they were coming againI didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他們什么時候再來。我不知道他們什么時候再來。 1. Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A. spent B. would spentC. was going to spent D. would spend 2. What did your son say in the l

20、etter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 3. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.A. took B. would takeC. takes D. will take 4. We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables.A. are going to grow B. were g

21、oing to growC. will grow D. have grown DDBB5.She _ to work when the telephone rang.A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to go1. Miss Zhang said she _ _(visit) the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she_ _ _ (not stay) here for long.3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_ (come) the next ye

22、ar.4. She said the bus _ (leave) at five the next morning.5. He was fifty-six. In two years he _ _(be) fifty-eight. would visitedwould not stayed would comewould leftwould beC現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are doing（V-ing現(xiàn)在分詞) 目前或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生、一直或斷續(xù)發(fā)生、將要發(fā)生25readlisten drinkhavemakewriteswimrun readinglistening drinkinghaving

23、makingwritingswimming running n直接直接+ +ingingn以不發(fā)音以不發(fā)音e e結(jié)尾的結(jié)尾的動詞，去動詞，去 e+inge+ing：n 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫音字母的動詞，雙寫這個輔音字母這個輔音字母+ing+ing：27n直接直接+ing： reading listening cleaning drinking write-writing make-making give-giving havehaving come-comingn 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫這個輔音字以重讀閉

24、音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，雙寫這個輔音字母母+ing：getting letting running putting swimming n以不發(fā)音以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞，去結(jié)尾的動詞，去 e+ing：即即學(xué)學(xué)即即練練 do_ watch_ clean _ read_ eat_ play_ hav_ writ_ run _ swim_ing ing ing ing ing ing ning ming ing eeing 1. 表示現(xiàn)在表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。例如：正在發(fā)生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you.2. 習(xí)慣進行：表

25、示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在習(xí)慣進行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。例如：進行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3. 表示漸變的動詞有：表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.4. 與與a

26、lways, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩?；虺掷m(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind.如：如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.如：如：know, realize

27、, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much.如：如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice.如：如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel

28、, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little tired.過去進行時was/were doing過去時刻或階段正在發(fā)生、一直或斷續(xù)發(fā)生、將要發(fā)生 1）概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。）概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。2）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。3) 常用的時間狀語有：常用的時間狀語有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, fr

29、om nine to ten last evening, when, while 例句：例句： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. mak

30、es答案答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時。同時，割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時。同時，when表時表時間的同時性，間的同時性，瑪麗在做衣服時瑪麗在做衣服時提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進行時。進行時。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fell C. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell答案答案B.句中的句中的as = when, while，意為，意為當(dāng)當(dāng)之時之時。描述一件事發(fā)。描述一件

31、事發(fā)生的背景時，用過去進行；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作生的背景時，用過去進行；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為發(fā)生。句意為 在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。句中的句中的 fell (fall的過的過去時去時)，是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如：，是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。 1. Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Dont you like it? Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time. I c

32、ertainly think its smart.A. wasnt making B. dont make C. wont make D. didnt make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change3. He _ quite well, but he hasnt had time

33、 to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.A. hasnt turned up B. doesnt turn up C. wont turn up D. hadnt turned up5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. ca

34、tching7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking8. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will be D. has been9. The computers made by our company se

35、ll best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.A. were playing B. were to play C. had played D. played10. Kate is in hospital. Oh, really? I _. _ visit her.A. didnt know; Ill go and B. dont know; Ill go andC. dont know; Im going to D. didnt know; Im goi

36、ng to11. Where _ the guidebook? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. had you put; have putC. have you put; put D. were you putting; put14. Do you live in this city? No, we _ it for holidays.A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have

37、visited15. How is the old man now? Sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him.A. was dead B. had died C. has been dead D. died16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken 17. Im afraid it will be two months _.A.

38、 when I come back B. when Ill come back C. before I come back D. before Ill come back18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left C. working ; had left D. had worked; left21.The notice _ “No smoking”. A. is tol

39、d B. reads C. tells D. is read現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has done（過去分詞）關(guān)注“過去事件”對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果；對經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗的總結(jié)助動詞助動詞have (has) + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人稱。用于其他所有人稱。 （1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞just，already, before, yet, never,

40、ever等狀語連用。例如：等狀語連用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. （2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)

41、去的動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。在在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。 如：如：for和和since，以及，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。等。 I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如注意：表示短

42、暫時間動作的詞，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完等的完成時不能與成時不能與for, since等表示一段時間的短語連用。等表示一段時間的短語連用。 Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park. have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過曾經(jīng)去過”某地，說話時此人很可能某地，說話時此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have /

43、has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已經(jīng)去了已經(jīng)去了”某地，說話時此人在某地，說話時此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。 He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。他曾去過北京。 （人已回來，可能在這兒）（人已回來，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。他已經(jīng)去了北京。 （人已走，不在這兒）。（人已走，不在這兒）。 1）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，調(diào)動

44、作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。強調(diào)的是影響。 2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語有：一般過去時的時間狀語有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語。具體的時間狀語。 共同的時間狀語有：共同的時間狀語有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, alr

45、eady, recently，lately等。等。 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語有：現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不確定的時間狀語。等不確定的時間狀語。 I saw this film yesterday. （強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。） I have seen this film. （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returne

46、d from Paris.（她已從巴黎回來了。）（她已從巴黎回來了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來了。）（她是昨天回來了。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團，三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。為短暫行為。)注意：注意：句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時

47、。例如：）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。例如：（錯）（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷；延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。表示段的時間狀語連用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。他已完成了那項工作。 (表結(jié)果表結(jié)果) Ive known him since then. 我從那時

48、起就認(rèn)識他了。我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。(表經(jīng)歷表經(jīng)歷) 延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示“做做直到直到” ；瞬間動詞用；瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示于否定句，表示“到到，才，才”。 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到他到10 點才回來。點才回來。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到他一直睡到10點。點。(一一)當(dāng)句中有當(dāng)句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等時，常用現(xiàn)在完成時。等時，常用現(xiàn)在完成時。 1. -Mum, may I go out and play b

49、asketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished 2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_ A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed當(dāng)句中有當(dāng)句中有for +段時間段時間或或since +點點時間時間等時

50、，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，等時，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞 1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for 2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. have

51、nt got C. didnt have D. havent heard1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet ；首先本題后句強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不；首先本題后句強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，用描述。再次，several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。完成時。2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all

52、. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be ； 等待的動作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。等待的動作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。 過去完成時：had done 過去的時間或事件之前所發(fā)生的事情，即“過去的過去”1、概念：表示過去的過去。、概念：表示過去的過去。 -|-|-|- 那時以前那時以前 那時那時 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 2、過去完成時的用法：、過去完成時的用法： （1）過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動）過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)

53、；句中常用作或狀態(tài)；句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. （2）過去完成時的動詞還可以表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動）過去完成時的動詞還可以表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或者持續(xù)下去。作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或者持續(xù)下去。 Before he slept, he had worked for

54、 12 hours. （3）在）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。等動詞后的賓語從句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. （4）在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完）在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. （5）表示意向的動詞，如）表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think,

55、intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示等，用過去完成時表示原本原本，未能，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. （6）過去完成時的時間狀語）過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom

56、 was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 九、現(xiàn)在完成進行時主語主語+have（has）been+動詞動詞-ing （一）表示從過去某時開始一直（一）表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，并且還將持到現(xiàn)在的動作，并且還將持續(xù)下去續(xù)下去 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中國有中國有2000年的造紙歷史。（動作還年的造紙歷史。（動作還將繼續(xù)下去）將繼續(xù)下去） I have been learning English since three years ago. 自從三年前以來我一直在學(xué)英語。自從三年前以來我一直在學(xué)英語。 （動作還將繼續(xù)下去）（動作還將繼續(xù)下去）I study for Engilsh since 10 years ago. （二）表示在說話時刻之前到現(xiàn)（二）表示在說話時刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。在正在進行的動作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我們已經(jīng)等你半個鐘頭了我們已經(jīng)等你半個鐘頭了(人還沒到，人還沒到，如