非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)題講解(共6頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上非謂語(yǔ)：（不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，但同時(shí)仍保留動(dòng)詞某些特征的動(dòng)詞形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外，可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分。）一、 不定式與動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)1. 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)往往表示普通的、一般習(xí)慣的行為，不定式做主語(yǔ)常表示某次具體的行為。例句：Reading English is really a great fun.<這里不強(qiáng)調(diào)看一次，看兩次表示的是一般性的行為>To read english this morning will take most of my time.<這里用不定式表示一次具體的行為> 2.形式主語(yǔ)it 的運(yùn)用:1).不定式做主語(yǔ)

2、,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。往往用it做形式主語(yǔ)，把不定式放在謂語(yǔ)后面。例句：To finish the job took us two hours.It took us two hours to finish the job.（注：在不定式做主語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中，必須用形式主語(yǔ)it.）例句:it was decided to go for a picnic tomorrow.2).It is+adj.of/for sb.to do sth.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和前面的形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，用of,否則用for.例句：Its very nice of you to help us.<此時(shí)，不定時(shí)的邏輯主

3、語(yǔ)是you，adj.是nice,二者構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即可以說(shuō)you are nice.此時(shí)應(yīng)該用of>Its impossible for us to defeat the boss.<此時(shí)就不能說(shuō) we are impossible.因此應(yīng)該用 for >3).用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)的句型：It is/was no good(use, useless, fun)+doing sth. Its worth while doing例句：Its no use cry over spilt milk.覆水難收(it 用法遠(yuǎn)不止這幾個(gè)后面會(huì)有補(bǔ)充)3.成分對(duì)稱(chēng)：主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)保

4、持形式上一致。例句：To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)4.There be no +ving例句：There is no parking around here.No smoking,please.練習(xí)題It is hard_ his mind.(to change )It is fun_ with a foreign man.(talking)There is no _what will happen.(telling)I like_ this novel this morning.(to read)二：做表語(yǔ)1.不定式做表語(yǔ)表具體個(gè)別

5、的動(dòng)作或有將來(lái)的含義。例句：My wish is to become a famous writer.2、現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)與特征,表主動(dòng)（interesting, amusing, disappointing, puzzling, exciting等）；進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例句：i am teaching the child to swim when you passed by.The story is amusing. (令人.的)3. 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所處的被動(dòng)狀態(tài)或完成某動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)。例句：The shop is closed.<表狀態(tài)>The door

6、 was closed by the wind.<表被動(dòng)>4. 注意如下動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞用法不同：其實(shí)這些都是使役動(dòng)詞。 interest，surprise，frighten，excite，tire，please，puzzle，satisfy，amuse，disappoint，inspire，worry.The book is interesting.The news is surprising.The story is fritenting.He is fritented.After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech

7、in an excited voice. 練習(xí)題The problem is _（puzzling）The village is_by mountains. (surrounded)She is_ at the news.(surprised)三：做賓語(yǔ)1 只能用動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞<口訣>a考慮建議盼原諒cosider suggest/advise look forward to doing excuse/pardenb承認(rèn)推辭沒(méi)得想admit delay/put off fancyc避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練avoid miss keep/keep on practicee否認(rèn)完成就欣賞de

8、ny finish enjoy/appreciatef禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)forbid imagine riskg不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡cant help mind allow/permit escape此外：be used to/lead to /devote to /go back to /object to /get done to /pay attention to /cant stand /give up /feel like /insist on /thank you for /apologize for /be busy (in)have difficulty 、trouble in/have

9、 a good/wonderful/hard time in /spend time in 等動(dòng)詞詞組后面也加doing。2.跟動(dòng)名詞或不定式做賓語(yǔ)，有區(qū)別的。1).like,love,prefer后接動(dòng)名詞，表經(jīng)常性的行為；接不定式，表具體的某次行為。如前有would/should，則后接不定式。但feel like 只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。例句：I like swimming ,but I dont like to swim this afternoon.2).在allow, advise, forbid, permit后，如后有名詞或代詞做賓語(yǔ)，則用不定式做賓補(bǔ)。即allow, advise,

10、 forbid, permit +doing sth. / sb.to do sth.例句：We dont allow smoking in the hall.We allow you to smoke here.3).當(dāng)need, require, want做“需要”講時(shí)，其后必接 to be done(被動(dòng)態(tài))或ving（此時(shí)ving也表被動(dòng)意義），表事情需要被做。want/need/ require主動(dòng)式 =want/need/require不定式被動(dòng)式 即need/want/require(需要)+to be done/doing/sb.to do sth例句： The window

11、needs/want/requires to be cleaned/cleaning.4).worth后必須接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。即be worth +名詞/doingbe worthy to be donebe worthy of +名詞/being done例句：The place is worth visiting.The place is worthy to be visitedThe place is worthy of + a visit/being visited.5).在介詞but, other than之后的不定式。如介詞前有“do”,則不定式省略“to”,否則就帶“to”

12、.<前有do，后無(wú)to>例句：We could do nothing but/other than wait.He had no choice but to wait. 另接不定式省略to的有：cant choose but, cant help but(只好), cant but，had better, would rather. Eg:He cannot choose but stay on. You had better come here on time. I would rather stay than otherwise.6).當(dāng)不定式做動(dòng)詞tell,show,unde

13、rstand,teach,discuss,wonder,find out,等詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前常帶引導(dǎo)詞how, what,whether， why，who等+to do,但why+不帶to的不定式。例句：I dont know what to do.Can you tell me why do it?練習(xí)題：1. I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail) across the Atlantic.2. I would appreciate your _ (call) back this afternoon.3. The discovery of the new evid

14、ence led to the thief _(catch).4. She didnt remember _(meet) him before.5. We have always deeply regretted _(sell) the house.6. The dictionary cant help _(learn) the language.7. When do you plan to leave? I mean _ (leave) tomorrow.8. He would like _ (sing) this song now.9. Do you feel like _(have) a

15、 cup of tea?10. The extra money allow us _ (buy) a car.11. This book is worth _(read).12. This book is worthy of _ (read).13. All cars require _ (service) regularly.14. I wonder how _ (solve) this problem.15. What we can do but _ (sit) and _ (wait).16. If you are planning to spend your money having

16、fun this week, better _ (forget) it- you have got some big bills coming.四：做賓補(bǔ)1.感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to,notice等和使役動(dòng)詞have后情況： 1).主動(dòng)時(shí)，do原型表完成；現(xiàn)在分詞doing表正在進(jìn)行。例句：I heard her sing an English song just now.I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room. 2)被動(dòng)時(shí),ved過(guò)去分

17、詞表完成或沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性；being done表正在進(jìn)行。例句：I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room. I want to have my hair cut.2:使役動(dòng)詞let后，主動(dòng)時(shí)，用動(dòng)原do；被動(dòng)時(shí)用be+過(guò)去分詞。例句：Dont let your child play with matches. Let there be no mistake about it. Let the work be done immediately.3.leave 后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)時(shí)

18、，意為“使.處于某種狀態(tài)”。 Leave sb. doing sth.(主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行) Sth. Undone （被動(dòng)或完成） sb. to do sth./sth. to be done（不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作）It is wrong of you to leave the machine running.The guests left most of the dishes untouched.He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.We hurried end our meeting, leaving many problems to be

19、settled.4. have, get后接賓補(bǔ)的三種形式： 1). Have sb. do sth.=get sb to do sth. 使/讓/叫某人做某事例句：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 2),have sth. done = get sth. done 讓某事由別人去做（叫/讓某人做某事）例句：I will have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外have sth. done有“使遭受.”之意。例句： Tom had his leg broken while playing footb

20、all. 3).have sb./sth. doing 讓某人持續(xù)的做某事 （主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行）Get sb./sth doing 使某人/物開(kāi)始行動(dòng)起來(lái)例句： The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.注:have sb. doing 置于否定句中，have有“容忍”之意。例句：I wont have you speaking to you dad like that.5.”吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué)”-5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make,

21、let,have， ）；2聽(tīng)（listen to, hear）；1感覺(jué)（feel）。在主動(dòng)態(tài)中賓補(bǔ)用不帶to的不定式，但在被動(dòng)態(tài)中要還原to.例句：I hate to see you leave so soon. Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 除let, make外，以上動(dòng)詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)。此外find, catch, keep, leave(+4)同。 Eg:He was caught stealing. I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.練習(xí)題：1. A

22、t that moment I saw him _(cross) the road.2. I was glad to see the children well _(take) care of.3. A cook will be immediaely fired if he is found _(smoke) in the kichen.4. He went away without saying anything, _ (leave) us _ (stand) outside.5. Mr. Brown was much disappointed to se the washing machi

23、ne she had _(repair) went wrong again.6. I wonder if this is the computer you want to have it _(repair).7. Childrens being addicted to the Internet gets their parents _(worry)8. At that time, I found him _(cry) in the street。五：做定語(yǔ) 1.不定式做定語(yǔ)1).做定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，后要加相應(yīng)的介詞。 Eg: The Browns have a comfortabl

24、e house to live in. 注：如不定式修飾的名詞是time, place或way時(shí)，其后介詞省去。 Eg:He had no money and no place to live (in)2. 不定式做定語(yǔ)的幾種情況。 1).不定式表將來(lái)Eg:The car to be bought is for his sister. 2).用來(lái)修飾被序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)，或no, all, any等限定的中心詞。 Eg:He was the best man to do the job. 3).用來(lái)修飾的詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse,

25、 reason, time等等 Eg:Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go swimming.3.不定式的一般被動(dòng)式（to be done），表被動(dòng)、將來(lái)；過(guò)去分詞（done），表被動(dòng)、完成或狀態(tài)；和現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動(dòng)式（being doing），表被動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行。 1).The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 2).Listen! The song being sung

26、 is very popular with the students. 3).Have you read the novel written by Dickens?3.分詞做定語(yǔ)：Ving表正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表已經(jīng)完成。 boiling water 正在沸騰的水 falling leaves 正在下落的葉子 boiled water 燒開(kāi)過(guò)的水 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落下的葉子練習(xí)題：1. Do you know the boy _ (lie) under the big tree?2. The speech which he made _ (concern) the footbal

27、l match bored a lot of fans to death3. If the building project _ (complete) by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.4. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to him a rule never _ (break).六：做狀語(yǔ) 1.不定式做狀語(yǔ) Eg: Jim had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of

28、 the music.(表目的) To look at him, you would like him. (表?xiàng)l件) 表結(jié)果時(shí)常用，too.to., enough.to., only to.等結(jié)構(gòu)。 He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.(表另人失望的結(jié)果) 某些形容詞，表喜，怒，哀，樂(lè)的做表語(yǔ)后接的不定式表原因。 Eg: I am very glad to see you. 在表目的強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，可用in order to/so as to +動(dòng)原，后者不能置于句首。Eg：He got up early in

29、order to catch the first bus.2.分詞做狀語(yǔ) 原則：此時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，且分詞必須和句中主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主動(dòng)或者是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。否則不能使用分詞做狀語(yǔ)。 Doing表主動(dòng)/正在進(jìn)行，having done表先于謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生的主動(dòng)；done表被動(dòng)；being done表與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)；having been done表先于謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)。Eg: Coming into the room, he found his father angry. （時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） Seen from the top of the hill, the town is be

30、autiful.（條件狀語(yǔ)）Being tired, they went on working.（讓步狀語(yǔ)） Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. （原因狀語(yǔ)）注：與not連用時(shí)，通常-ing形式。Eg:Not being invited,he has to stay at home.3.獨(dú)立成分做狀語(yǔ)（形式不受上下文的影響的分詞或不定式） 含義： 常見(jiàn)的有:generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，frankly speaking坦白的說(shuō); judging from/by 根據(jù).

31、來(lái)判斷; considering./o consideration 考慮到.; to tell the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)；seeing. 考慮到；supposing 即使，如果；providing 如果; saving 除了，除非；assuming 假使；admitting 雖說(shuō)；given 如果；provide that 如果；compare to/with 與.相比； Judging from his accent, he is from the south. Generally speaking, the more expensive th camera, the better its quality