翻譯電氣工程及其自動化專業(yè)英語

1、第6章（6-2）Section 2Components of Power Systems第2節(jié)電力系統(tǒng)的組成部分Modern power systems are usually large-scale, geographically distributed, and with hundreds to thousa nds of gen erators operat ing in parallel and synchrono usly.現(xiàn)代電力系統(tǒng)通常規(guī)模大，地域分布，并與數(shù)百名，并同步在數(shù)以千計的發(fā)電機并聯(lián)運行。They may vary in size and structure from

2、one toano ther, but they all have the same basic characteristics:他們可能會有所不同的規(guī)模和結構從一個到另一個，但它們都具有相同的基本特征：（1） Are comprised of three-phase AC systems operating essentially at constant voltage. （ 1） 是由三 個三相交流電壓恒定系統(tǒng)經(jīng)營本質(zhì)上。Gen erati on and tran smissi on facilities use three-phase equipme nt . 發(fā)電和輸電設施使用三個階段

3、的設備。In dustrialloads arein variablythree-phase; sin gle-phase reside ntial and commercial loads aredistributed equally among the phases so as to effectively form a balaneed three-phase system.工業(yè)負荷總是三相，單相負載的住宅和商業(yè)之間平等分配的階段，從而有效地形成一個平衡的三相系統(tǒng)。（2） Use synchronous machines for generation of electricity.（ 2

4、） 使用電力同步一代機器。Primemovers convert the primary energy （fossil, nuclear, and hydraulic） to mechanical energy that is, in turn, con verted to electrical energy by synchronous gen erators. 牽弓丨車轉換的一次能源（化石，核能和水力） 為機械能就是反過來，中，轉換為電能的同步發(fā)電機。（3）Transmit power over significant distances to consumers spread over

5、a wide area. This requires a tran smissi on system compris ing subsystems operati ng at differe nt voltage levels. （3） 重大的距離發(fā)射功 率超過的面積分布在一個廣大消費者。這就要求傳輸系統(tǒng)的子系統(tǒng)組成的經(jīng)營水平在不同的電壓。The basic eleme nts of a moder n power system in USA are show n in Fig.6-1. Electric power is produced at gen erat ing stati ons

6、（GS） and tran smitted to con sumers through a complex n etwork of in dividual comp onen ts, in cludi ng tran smissi on lin es, tran sformers, and switch ing devices.系統(tǒng)在美國一個現(xiàn)代化強國的基本要素是：1顯示在圖6 -。電功率）產(chǎn)生于發(fā)電廠（GS和傳播給消費者通過一個復雜網(wǎng)絡的 各個組成部分，包括輸電線路，變壓器和開關設備。It is com mon practice to classify the transmission ne

7、twork into the following subsystems: Transmission system; Subtra nsmissio n system; Distribution system. 它通常的做法是分類 傳輸網(wǎng)絡分為以下子系統(tǒng)： 傳輸系統(tǒng)；Subtransmission制度;分配制度。Fig.6-1 圖 6 - 1Basic elements of a power system 電力系統(tǒng)的基本要素 1The tran smissi on system in terc onn ects all major gen erat ing stati ons and main

8、load cen ters in the system.該傳輸系統(tǒng)互連所有主要發(fā)電廠在系統(tǒng)中心和主要負載。It forms the backbone of thein tegrated power system and operates at the highest voltage levels （typically, 230 kV and above in USA）. 它 形成了系統(tǒng)的骨干力量的整合和經(jīng)營水平在最高電壓（通常為230千伏及以上美國）。The generatorvoltages are usually in the range of 11 to 35 kV.發(fā)電機的電壓范圍通常

9、在11 至 35 千伏。 These arestepped up to the tran smissi on voltage level, and power is tran smitted to tran smissi on substati ons where the voltages are stepped dow n to the subtra nsmissio n level （typically, 69 to 138 kV）.這是加強宣傳，電壓等級輸電和電力傳輸?shù)絺鬏敚┳冸娬镜碾妷涸谀抢锵屡_的subtransmission水平（通常是69至138千伏。Thegen erati on

10、 and tran smissi on subsystems are often referred to as the bulk power system. 發(fā)電和傳輸子系統(tǒng)通常稱為大容量電源系統(tǒng)。The subtra nsmiss on system tran smits power in small qua ntities from the tran smissi on substati ons to the distribution substations.該系統(tǒng)傳輸subtransmisson變電站的電力由分布在小批量的輸電站通過。Large in dustrial customers

11、 are com mon ly supplied directly from the subtra nsmissi on system. In some systems, there is no clear demarcati on betwee n subtra nsmissi on and tran smissi on circuits. 大工業(yè)用戶通常 直接供應subtransmission制度。在一些系統(tǒng)中，沒有明確劃分輸電線路之間subtransmission和。As thesystem expa nds and higher voltage levels become n eces

12、sary for tran smissi on, the older tran smissi on lines are ofte n relegated to subtra nsmission fun ctio n.隨著系統(tǒng)的擴展和更高電壓等級輸電成為必需的，舊的 輸電線路往往淪為subtransmission功能。The distributio n system represe nts the final stage in the tran sfer of power to the in dividual customers. The primary distributi on voltag

13、e is typically betwee n 4.0 kV and 34.5 kV. Small in dustrial customers are supplied by primary feeders at this voltage level. The sec on dary distributi on feeders supply reside ntial and commercial customers at 120/240 V .分配制度代表了個人客戶的最后階段中的轉移權力的。主要分布電壓一般為4.0千伏和34.5千伏。小型電壓等級的工業(yè)客戶提供的主要是飼養(yǎng)在此。二次配電饋線供應

14、住宅和五，商業(yè)用戶在120/240Small gen erat ing pla nts located n ear the load are also conn ected to the subtra nsmissi on or distributi on system directly. Interconnections to neighboring power systems are usually formed at the transmission system level. The overall system thus con sists of multiple gen erat

15、ing sources and several layers of transmission networks. This provides a high degree of structural redundancy that enables the system to withsta nd unu sual con ti ngen cies without service disrupti on to the customers.小型發(fā)電廠附近的負載也連接到subtransmission直接或分配制度。系統(tǒng)互連到鄰近的權力通常形成于水平的傳輸系統(tǒng)。整個系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡由多個從而產(chǎn)生源的傳播和若干層

16、。這為一個客戶高度結構性過剩，使系統(tǒng)中斷承受無異常緊急服務。三。翻譯成中文以下In stability may also be encoun tered without loss of synchroni sm.不穩(wěn)定性也可能會遇至U不同步的損失。For example, a system con sist ing of a synchronous gen erator feedi ng an in duct ion motor load through a transmission line can become unstable because of the collapse of loa

17、d voltage. 例如，一個系統(tǒng)包括一個同 步發(fā)電機喂養(yǎng)通過傳輸線的感應電動機負荷的電壓不穩(wěn)定，因為可以成為負載的崩潰。Maintenanceof synchronism is not an issue in this in sta nee; in stead, the concern is stability and con trol of voltage. This form of in stability can also occur in loads coveri ng an exte nsive area supplied by a large system. 同步維修 的問題不

18、是一個實例在此，而是值得關注的是穩(wěn)定和電壓控制。這種不穩(wěn)定的形式也可以在負載發(fā)生大面積覆蓋的系統(tǒng)提供了一個大。This kind of stability is referred to voltage stability.這種穩(wěn)定性種被稱為 電壓穩(wěn)定” 。Rotor angle stability is the ability of interconnected synchronous machines of a power system to remain in synchronism.轉子角穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)的能力是一個相互關聯(lián)的權力留在同步電機同步。It它 is most important to power system stability problems.最重要的是電力系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性問題。Thestability probl