8A-5 Educational exchanges語法

1、Unit 5 Educational exchange一必背詞匯及短語（1）必記單詞1. educational adj. 有關(guān)教育的，有教育意義的 2. exchange n. 交流，互訪3. culture n. 文化 4. host n. 主人5. local adj. 當(dāng)?shù)氐?，地方?6. British adj. 英國的7. glad adj. 高興的，愉快的 8. guest n.客人，賓客9. chopstick n. 筷子 10. weekday n. 工作日11. tour v. 在.旅游 12. fantastic adj. 極好的的，了不起的13. experience

2、n. 經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn) 14. already adv. 已經(jīng)15. introduce v. 介紹，使嘗試 16. success n. 成功17. yet adv. 尚未，仍未 18. respect v. 慎重對(duì)待，尊重(2) 重點(diǎn)詞組1. educational exchange 教育交流 2. an exchange visit 一個(gè)交流參觀3. host family寄宿家庭 4. learn to use 學(xué)著用5. at the weekend 在周末 6. place of interest 名勝古跡7. a fantastic experience 一次極好的經(jīng)歷 8. at f

3、irst 起初，起先= in the beginning9. so far 到目前為止，迄今為止 10. a bit of 小量11. introduceto. 使初次了解 12. as well也13. keep in touch with 保持聯(lián)系 14. take part in參加15. be the same as 與相同 16. come over (to) (通常遠(yuǎn)距離地) 從到17. be proud of/take pride in以為自豪18. one and a half years=one year and a half19. on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)/in time 及時(shí)

4、 20. get ready for sth 為某事做準(zhǔn)備21. deal with 對(duì)待，處理 22.one another= each other 彼此23. be glad to do sth 很開心地做某事 24. the rest of 剩余部分25. be friendly to sb 對(duì)某人友好/ make friends with sb 與某人交朋友26. plan to do sth 計(jì)劃做某事 27. try to do sth 盡力做某事28. cant wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 29. practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事(3) 重點(diǎn)句子

5、：1. Why not do sth? 為什么不做？2. What do they think of the exchange visit? 他們認(rèn)為這次交流訪問怎么樣？3. The students spend the weekdays studying with Chinese students. 學(xué)生們與中國學(xué)生一起學(xué)習(xí)度過工作日。4. They taught our students how to use chopsticks.他們教我們的學(xué)生如何使用筷子。5. Im glad to be a guest in their home. 我非常開心地成為他們家的客人。一必背詞匯及短語單詞

6、1. educational adj. n.教育 v.教育 2. exchange n. v.交流 3. culture n. adj.有關(guān)文化的 4. host n. n.女主人/女主持人 v. 5. local adj. 6. British adj. n.英國 7. glad adj. 8. guest n. 9. chopstick n. 10. weekday n. 11. tour v. n.旅行 n.旅行者 12. fantastic adj. n.幻想 13. experience n.經(jīng)歷 n. 經(jīng)驗(yàn) adj有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的 14. already adv. 15. introduc

7、e v. n. 16. success n. v.成功 = adj.成功 adv. 17. yet adv. 18. respect v. n.敬意 短語1.教育交流 2. 一個(gè)交流參觀 3. host family 4. 學(xué)著用 5. at the weekend 6.名勝古跡 7.一次極好的經(jīng)歷 8. at first = 9. 到目前為止 10. a bit of 11. 使初次了解 12. as well 13. keep in touch with 14. take part in 15.與相同 16. come over (to) 17. be proud of/take prid

8、e in 18. one and a half years= 19. on time /in time 20. get ready for sth 21. deal with 22. keep doing sth 23. spend time (in) doing sth 24. 22.one another 彼此= 25. 對(duì)某人友好 / 與某人交朋友 26. plan to do sth 27.盡力做某事 28. cant wait to do sth 29. 成功干某事 = 重點(diǎn)句子1. Why not ? 為什么不做？2. the visit? 他們認(rèn)為這次交流訪問怎么樣？3. The

9、 students the weekdays Chinese students. 學(xué)生們與中國學(xué)生一起學(xué)習(xí)度過工作日。4. They taught our students . 他們教我們的學(xué)生如何使用筷子。5. I be a in their home. 我非常開心地成為他們家的客人。語法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（一）【教材典句】1. Ive met lots of Chinese students. 我遇到了許多中國學(xué)生。2. What have you learnt? 你了解什么？【語法全解】1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.用法

10、：1） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"完成用法"現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在. He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。(燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。)I have spent all of my money. (含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) 2） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"未完成用法"指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。這里的動(dòng)詞要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與for（+時(shí)間段）,since（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)）連用. Mary has been ill f

11、or three days. Mary has been ill since three days ago.3.構(gòu)成：（1）“助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞”肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他）肯定句I/ You have worked. He/ She/It has worked.We/ You/They have worked.否定句I/ You have not worked. He/ Sh

12、e/It has not worked.We/ You/They have not worked.疑問句Have I/ you worked? Has he/ she/it worked?Have we/ you/they worked?簡略回答Yes, you/I have. No, you/I haventYes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasntYes, we/ you/they have. No, we/you/they havent.(2) 動(dòng)詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則 1）規(guī)則變化(規(guī)則東側(cè)的過去分詞構(gòu)成與動(dòng)詞的過去式相同)直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-edcle

13、ancleanedcleaned 打掃 callcalledcalled 打電話不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾直接加-dagreeagreedagreed 同意 livelivedlived 居住元音字母+y 結(jié)尾直接加edplayplayedplayed (enjoy, stay)輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾，改y為i 再加-edstudystudiedstudied 學(xué)習(xí) (try, marry)5. 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫輔音字母，再加+ed planplannedplanned 計(jì)劃 stopstoppedstopped 停止 preferpreferredpreferred 喜歡2）不

14、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則（需根據(jù)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表進(jìn)行專門記憶）seesawseen 看見 hearheardheard 聽見 findfoundfound 發(fā)現(xiàn)4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)間狀語u 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間連用，(如表示過去的時(shí)間狀語）如yesterday，last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for, since連用.u 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用如already已經(jīng)（肯定）, yet還，仍然（否定，疑問）, just(剛剛), before（從前）, recently/ lately（最近）,still（仍然），in the past/last fe

15、w years(在過去/最近幾年里)等: I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). /We have seen that film before. u 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用如ever曾經(jīng), never從不, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing？/I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. u 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用,如up to these few d

16、ays/weeks/months/years（到.為止）, just, up to present(now) 到現(xiàn)在為止, so far（到目前為止） ，these days 這些天等: Peter has written six papers so far. /Up to the present everything has been successful. u 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. We have had four texts this semester. 注：1） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以與already，never，ever，yet 等時(shí)間狀語連

17、用。n already VS yet-already表示已經(jīng)，用于肯定句；yet表示尚未，還，用于否定句和疑問句。Eg: I am not hungry. I have already eaten. He is hungry. He hasnt eaten yet.- Have you got your plane ticket ?- Yes, I have got it.n ever VS never- ever 表示曾經(jīng)，never表示從來不，疑問句中用ever。- Have you ever visited Shanghai? No，Ive never visited it.注：alre

18、ady，never，ever應(yīng)位于助動(dòng)詞have/has之后，yet用于句末。2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以與帶since/for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)/ 一段時(shí)間 + ago/ 從句）for + 時(shí)間段如： I have worked in Shenzhen since 2007. I have worked in SZ since five years ago. I have worked in SZ for five years. Its five years since I worked in SZ.課堂練

19、習(xí)句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. He has already gone home.He _ _ home _. (否定句)_ he _ home _? (疑問句)2. He has lunch at home.He _ _ lunch at home. (否定句)_ he _ lunch at home? (疑問句)用 already或 yet填空1) Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _. 2) Most of us have finished our compositions _3) He said he hadnt visited the

20、 exhibition _.用since和for填空 1) _ two years 2) _ two years ago 3) _ last month 4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock 7) _ 4 hours 8) _ an hour ago 9)_we were children 11) _ she left here. 12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13） I have known him _ we were children. 14) Our teacher has s

21、tudied Japanese _ three years.15) She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 16) Its about ten years _ she left the city. 從括號(hào)內(nèi)選擇正確的單詞或短語完成句子：1) I have _(already, yet) read this book.2) Have you _(did, done) your homework?3) He has worked in this company _(since, for) 2002.4) Have you ever vi

22、sited Disneyland? - No, Ive _(ever, never) visited it.5) David _(is, has been) a student for 3 years.選擇填空1. We have been friends since _. A. children     B. five years   C. five years ago  D. five years before 2. You _ that question three times. A. already asked  B

23、. have already asked   C. already have asked D. asked already 3. We studied this lesson _. A. since last week     B. a week ago   C. for a week    D. since a week ago 4. I _ at this school for two years already. A. am studying  B. study  C. stud

24、ied  D. have studied5. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live   B. didnt live  C. have lived   D. live 6. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since   B. from    C. after        D. in 7. She _ as an anima

25、l trainer since 2003.Ahas worked B. works C. will work D. have worked8. I went shopping with my family. There _ so many people in the street.A. was B. is C. were D. are9. Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had madehave tried B. madehave tried C. has madetried D. madetried

26、10. -Look ! The light is still on in Mr.Zhangs office. - Im afraid he _ his work yet.A. doesnt finish B. didnt finish C. hasnt finished D. wont finish11.- _ you _ your dictionary? - No. So I have to buy a new one today.A. Did; find B. Have; found C. Are; finding D. Had; found12.-Would you like _ som

27、e coffee? -No, thanks. I _ some.A. have; already have B. had; just had C. having; have had D. to have; have already had13.- Are you going to see the film with us? -No, thanks. I _ it.A. saw B. have seen C. see D. was seeing14. Dont turn on the TV. Grandma _ now.A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. slept

28、D. sleeps15. We were in Qingdao last week and _ great fun there.A. will have B. have had C. had D. have課后練習(xí)句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1) I have been there for two days.(對(duì)劃線部分提問) _ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000.(對(duì)劃線部分提問) _ _ _ your father _ _?3）He has already gone home. He _ _ home _. (否定句) _ he _ ho

29、me _? (疑問句)4）He has had lunch at home. He _ _ lunch at home. (否定句) _ he _ lunch at home? (疑問句)選擇填空1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know . will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he?. already . never . ever . still3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. ju

30、st . ago .before .a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _. . has changed ; well . changed; good . has changed ; better . changed; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this s

31、chool for two years . was; studying . will; study . has; studied . are; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there?. will they go . did they go . do they