考研英語(yǔ)例證題方法（課堂PPT）

1、.1考研英語(yǔ)考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解閱讀理解.22000 passage21、微觀閱讀技巧、微觀閱讀技巧-標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的運(yùn)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的運(yùn)用2、例證題解題方法、例證題解題方法.32000 passage2 55. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?56. What does the example of India illustrate?57. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because_.58. Which

2、of the following would be the best title for the passage?.4Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of

3、 male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. 55. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?A A lack of mates.B A fierce competition.C A lower survival rate.D A defective gene.5This means that, for the first time, there will be

4、 an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certai

5、n death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.62段段 There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide : stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communiti

6、es, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. .7專題講解之專題講解之 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的運(yùn)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的運(yùn)用.8逗號(hào)：逗號(hào)：兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間，或一個(gè)逗號(hào)之后為補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分，非主干.9逗號(hào)：逗號(hào)：兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間，或一個(gè)逗號(hào)之后為補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分，是非主干 00-1 2段 the making of semiconductors ,

7、which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age , was going to be the next casualty.96-5 1段 Scientific creationism , which is being pushed by some for equal time in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given , is based on religion, not scienc

8、e. .10冒號(hào)：冒號(hào)：冒號(hào)前后，一般是從抽象到具體，冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容解釋前面的內(nèi)容。.11冒號(hào)：冒號(hào)：冒號(hào)前后，一般是從抽象到具體，冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容解釋前面的內(nèi)容。97-3 60. The word pervasive (line 1, paragraph 2) might mean _.A widespread B overwhelming C piercing D fashionableWe live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive : an aspir

9、in to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. .12冒號(hào)：冒號(hào)：冒號(hào)前后，一般是從抽象到具體，冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容解釋前面的內(nèi)容。07-4 30. 36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduceA the fierce business competition.B the feeble boss-board relations.C

10、the threat from news reports. D the severity of data leakageIt never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them especially in America the

11、sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite : data insecurity. .13分號(hào)：分號(hào)：分號(hào)前后為并列關(guān)系。.14分號(hào)：分號(hào)：分號(hào)前后為并列關(guān)系。03-4 2段段 Death is normal ; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. 00-2 2段段 For us, this means that evolution i

12、s over; the biological Utopia has arrived.15分號(hào)：分號(hào)：分號(hào)前后為并列關(guān)系。69. The sentence This is no flash in the pan (line 4, paragraph 3) means that _.A the low inflation rate will last for some timeB the inflation rate will soon riseC the inflation will disappear quicklyD there is no inflation at present97-5

13、3段段 This is no flash in the pan ; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.16引號(hào)引號(hào)： 1）引用）引用 2） 反語(yǔ)或語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)移反語(yǔ)或語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)移.17引號(hào)：引號(hào)： 1）引用）引用 2） 反語(yǔ)或語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)反語(yǔ)或語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)移移 96-5 1段段 Scientific creationism, which is being pushed by some for equal time in the classr

14、ooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. 67. Creationism in the passage refers to _.A evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universeB a notion of the creation of religionC the scientific explanation of the earth formationD the dec

15、eptive theory about the origin of the universe.1897-1 53. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will _.A face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD undergo a cooling off period of seven daysThe patient m

16、ust be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin .1908-4 For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slave

17、s. Owning slaves was “l(fā)ike having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counte

18、d a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?A Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.B Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D

19、 Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.2008-4 For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “l(fā)ike having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states wo

20、uld not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?A Some Founding Fathers benefit politically f

21、rom slavery.B Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.212000 passage2 2段段.222段段 There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as

22、 fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. .2356. What does the example of India illustrate?A Wealthy people tend to hav

23、e fewer children than poor people.B Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.C The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.D India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection

24、to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has los

25、t 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.24例證題：例證題：1、標(biāo)志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show to_.25例證題：例證題：1、標(biāo)志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show to_2、例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的觀點(diǎn)；觀點(diǎn)一般在例子前，有時(shí)也在例子后。.26例證題：例證題：1、標(biāo)志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show to_2、

26、例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的觀點(diǎn)；觀點(diǎn)一般在例子前，有時(shí)也在例子后。3、干擾選項(xiàng)：就事論事 .2756. What does the example of India illustrate?A Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.B Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.C The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.D India i

27、s one of the countries with a very high birth rate.Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.

28、 The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.28歷年真題中的案例歷年真題中的案例.2999-1 53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that A some injury claims were no

29、longer supported by lawB helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC product labels would eventually be discardedD some sports games might lose popularity with athletes1段段 Its a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you coul

30、d burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes.3099-1 53. The ca

31、se of Schutt helmet demonstrated that A some injury claims were no longer supported by lawB helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC product labels would eventually be discardedD some sports games might lose popularity with athletes2段 Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-lon

32、ger warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might surprise! fall off. The label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy does not enable user to fly.3199-1 53. The case of Schutt he

33、lmet demonstrated that A some injury claims were no longer supported by lawB helmets were not designed to prevent injuriesC product labels would eventually be discardedD some sports games might lose popularity with athletes4段 Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as

34、before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wear

35、ing a Schutt helmet. Were really sorry he has .3299-5 67. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that _.A inquiring minds are more important than scientific experimentsB science advances when fruitful researches are conductedC scientists seldom forget the essential nature of rese

36、archD unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research1段段 Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple.

37、Apples had been falling in many places .3301-2 57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of. A providing financial support overseas B preventing foreign capitals control C building industrial infrastructure D accepting foreign investment 4段段 To take advantage of th

38、is tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of

39、 a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure,.34例證題：例證題：1、標(biāo)志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show to_2、例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的觀點(diǎn)；觀點(diǎn)一般在例子前，有時(shí)也在例子后。3、干擾選項(xiàng)：就事論事 .352000 passage2 3段段.3657. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because_.

40、A life has been improved by technological advanceB the number of female babies has been decliningC our species has reached the highest stage of evolutionD the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing3段段 For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in th