九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)十非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞DOC

1、(十)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近幾年對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查主要是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)及目的狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，及個(gè)別分詞的用法。預(yù)計(jì)2016年中考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查，不定式仍是考查的熱點(diǎn)。我們應(yīng)該牢固掌握一些動(dòng)詞的固定搭配的用法。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一些特殊的動(dòng)詞，它們?cè)诰渲胁荒軉为?dú)作謂語(yǔ)，而有謂語(yǔ)以外的其他語(yǔ)法功能，在句子中不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制，但仍有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，也可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種。動(dòng)詞不定式由“to動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，有時(shí)在特殊情況下to可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時(shí)也具有動(dòng)詞的部分特征，能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)

2、、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分。動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加ing構(gòu)成，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種。它們?cè)诰渲凶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式功能例句主語(yǔ)To speak English well isn't an easy job.賓語(yǔ)They decided to change their mind.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.定語(yǔ)He is always the first to come and the last to leave.表語(yǔ)Our

3、plan is to set up another middle school for the children.狀語(yǔ)目的Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.結(jié)果He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.1不定式作賓語(yǔ)(1)一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Would you like to see a fi

4、lm this evening？你今晚想去看一場(chǎng)電影嗎？(2)在find，think后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語(yǔ)很容易。(3)常見(jiàn)的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：why not do，had better(not) do，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) do如：I would rather stay at home.我寧愿待在家里。2不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如

5、：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西讓他將收音機(jī)的音量調(diào)低。tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母親鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語(yǔ)。注意：還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、一幫(help)、二聽(tīng)(hear，listen to)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

6、時(shí)，必須加上to。如：The boss made them work the whole night.老板讓他們工作了一整夜。3不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。(2)如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：There is nothing to worry about.沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心的。()1.(2015·天津)My parents didn't allow me _ to the party.Ago Bto go Cgoes Dwent()2.(2015·南充)It's

7、necessary for us _ English well.Ato learn Blearning Clearn Dlearns()3.(2015·遂寧)They decided _ a bridge over the river.Abuild Bto buildCbuilding()4.(2015·泰安)When you leave，please turn off the lights _ energy.Asave Bto saveCsaving Dsaved()5.(2015·綿陽(yáng))The policeman told the children _ pla

8、y in the street.Acan't Bto notCdon't Dnot to特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)例句tooto結(jié)構(gòu)She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.not不定式The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road.疑問(wèn)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)How to solve the problem is very important.作賓語(yǔ)He didn't know what to say.作表語(yǔ)The question is whe

9、re to find the water.for名詞(代詞的賓格)不定式It is necessary for us to learn from each other.of名詞(代詞的賓格)不定式It is very kind of you to help me with my English.1動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itbeadj.(for/of sb.)動(dòng)詞不定式。如：To learn English well is useful.It is useful to learn English well.It's im

10、portant for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。It's very kind of you to help me.你幫助我真是太好啦。It's very clever of you to do like that.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do.老師正告訴學(xué)生要做什么。

11、He didn't know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to gowhere he should go)()6.(2015·十堰)His mother often tells him _ too much time playing games.Anot to spend Bdon't spendCspends Dspending()7.(2015·雅安)It is important _ people _ good manners.Afor；to learn Bof；to learnCfor；learn Dof；learn()8.

12、(2015·內(nèi)江)In this school，the students are asked _ mobile phone.Anot to use Bnot usingCnot use Dto not use()9.(2015·青島)The traffic signs warn people _ after drinking.Ato drive Bnot to driveCdriving Ddon't drive()10.(2015·自貢)I really don't know _ this question.It is too hard.Awhi

13、ch to answerBhow to answerCwhat to answer動(dòng)詞ing形式功能例句主語(yǔ)Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.賓語(yǔ)I finished doing my homework.表語(yǔ)The nurse's job is looking after the patients.定語(yǔ)She is reading in the reading room.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)He kept the machine running for ten hours.狀語(yǔ)They went out of the classroom，talking a

14、nd laughing.1英語(yǔ)中一些詞后常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，初中階段這類詞有：finish(完成)，mind(介意)，be worth(值得)，be busy(忙于)，practice(練習(xí))，have fun(玩得高興)，feel like(想要)，be used to(習(xí)慣于)，consider(考慮)，enjoy(喜歡)。2主語(yǔ)behappy(glad，pleased，angry，sorry，careful，ready等)to do sth.如：I'm glad to see you again.我很高興再次見(jiàn)到你。I'm sorry to hear that.聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息

15、我感到遺憾。3幾組動(dòng)詞接不定式及動(dòng)名詞辨析：(1)stop doing/stop to dostop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事(2)forget doing/forget to doforget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事(事情已做)forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事(事情沒(méi)做)(3)remember doing/remember to doremember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事(事情已做)remember to do sth.記著去做某事(事情沒(méi)做)(4)try doing/try to dot

16、ry doing sth.嘗試著去做某事try to do sth.設(shè)法或努力去做某事(5)go on doing/go on to dogo on doing sth.繼續(xù)不停地做同一件事情go on to do sth.做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事(6)allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth.allow doing sth.允許做某事allow sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事(7)regret doing/regret to doregret doing sth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事情感到遺憾、后悔(已做)regret to do sth.對(duì)要做的事感到遺

17、憾(未做)(8)mean doing/mean to domean doing sth.意味著做某事mean to do sth.打算、想做某事()11.(2015·安順)It's too cold today. Would you mind _ the window?Certainly not. Go ahead.Ato close BclosingCclose Dclosed()12.(2015·宜賓)Look！There are some birds _ in the sky. They are very beautiful.Ato fly BflyCflyi

18、ng Dflown()13.(2015·廣州)Sarah，you'd better drink more water after _ for such a long time.Arun BrunsCto run Drunning()14.(2015·重慶A卷)I will try my best to stop my son from _ the same mistake.Amake BmadeCmakes Dmaking()15.(2015·臨沂)Thanks to the robots，the human reporters do not have t

19、o spend a lot of time _ numbers and information.Aprocessing Bto processCprocessed Dprocess動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞功能例句表語(yǔ)The door remained locked.定語(yǔ)The building built last year is now a department store.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I heard my name called.狀語(yǔ)Heated water changes into steam.英語(yǔ)中過(guò)去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)(此時(shí)的過(guò)去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞)表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。作賓補(bǔ)的過(guò)去

20、分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如：She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài))1過(guò)去分詞用在get，have，make 的后面。注意“have 賓語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞”的兩種情況：(1)表示“讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做”。如：I have had my bike repaired.我已經(jīng)請(qǐng)人把我的自行車修好了。(2)表示“遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受影響，蒙受損失”。如： I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.上個(gè)月在公汽上我的錢包被偷

21、了。2“make賓語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞”，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高聲音目的是讓我自己被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。3過(guò)去分詞用在感官動(dòng)詞watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等后面。如：When we got to school，we saw the door locked.到學(xué)校時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)門被鎖了。4過(guò)去分詞用在“with 賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：The thief was brought in with his hands tied

22、 behind his back.那個(gè)小偷被帶了進(jìn)來(lái)，他的手被綁在背后。5過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，其動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。不定式作賓補(bǔ)：表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽(tīng)到或感覺(jué)到的具體動(dòng)作。如：He didn't notice me waiting.他沒(méi)有注意到我正在等。I heard the song sung in English.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這首歌用英語(yǔ)來(lái)唱了。I saw him opening the window.我看見(jiàn)他正在開(kāi)窗戶。I saw th

23、e window opened.我看見(jiàn)窗戶被開(kāi)了。I saw him open the window.我看見(jiàn)他開(kāi)了窗戶。I heard her sing the song in English.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她用英語(yǔ)唱了這首歌。()16.(2015·汕尾)At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by Ma Huateng to chat online.Acreate Bcreate Ccreated Dcreating()17.(2014·咸寧)Do you have any difficulty in _ English?Yes，bu

24、t I try to make myself_.Ato speak；understoodBspeaking；understandCto speak；to understandDspeaking；understood()18.(2013·綏化)He wants to have his TV _.Arepairing BrepairedCto repair()19.(2013·安順)He often drinks two cups of _ water when he comes back.Aboiling BboilCboiled Dboils()20.(2013·

25、自貢)When are you going to have your hair _？This afternoon.AcutBto cut Ccutting()1.David enjoys _ music at weekends，but I prefer _ for a picnic.Ato listen；to go out Blisten to；going toClistening to；go out Dlistening to；to go out()2.It's difficult for me _ the homework in such a short time.Come on！

26、I'm sure you can.Afinished Bto finishCwill finish Dfinishes()3.I was tired，so I stopped the car _ a short rest.Ahave BhavingCto have Dhad()4.We don't have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together?OK. What about _ a movie?Ato see BseeingCto seeing Dsees()5.The boy is looking forwa

27、rd to _ a good time after the exam.Ato have Bhas Chaving Dhave()6.Mary dances best in our school.I agree. I'll never forget _ her dance for the first time.Aseeing Bto see Csee Dseen()7.It took my daughter two weeks to read the novels _ by Yang Hongying.Awrite Bwrites Cwrote Dwritten()8.Your spok

28、en English is much better than before.Thank you. Our teacher often asks us _ English as much as possible.Ato speak Bnot to speakCspeak Dnot speak()9.Tom often makes his brother _，but yesterday he was made _ by his brother.Acry；to cry Bto cry；cryCcry；cry Dto cry；to cry()10.We can use QQ to chat with

29、each other online.Really？Could you please show me _ it?Awhen to do Bwhy to doChow to do Dwhat to do()11.Need I wash your car after _ it?Yes，that would be much better.Arepair BrepairedCrepairing Dto repair()12.When he saw a ticket on the ground，he stopped _.Ato pick it up Bpicking it upCto pick up it

30、 Dpick up it()13.We have two rooms _，but I can't decided _.Ato live；to choose which oneBlived；choose which oneCto live in；which one to chooseDlive in；which one()14.What should I do，doctor?_ healthy，you should take more exercise and eat less meat.AKeep BKeepingCTo keep DKept()15.Don't forget _ the door of the meeting room when you leave.Sure.Ato lock BlockingClock Dlocks()16.Would you mind not _ here？I'm doing my homework.Asing Bsinging Csings Dto sing()17.No matter how hard it is，we'll keep _ un