初中英語主謂一致精講及練習(xí)有答案

1、初中英語講解主謂一致主謂一致是初中階段的重要語法項(xiàng)目之一，下面從兩個(gè)方面來介紹：一、主謂一致應(yīng)遵循的規(guī)則：1語法形式上的一致：主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Jane and Mary look healthy and strongThe number of mistakes was surprising2意義上一致：1) 主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：The crowd were running for their lives單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞有people，police，cattle，militia等。2)主語形

2、式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如：The news was very exciting形復(fù)意單的單詞有news，works(工廠)和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics，politics，mathematics等。3就近原則。即謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or，eitheror，neither.nor，not onlybut also等連接的并列主語，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語一致。例如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this二、主謂一致應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：1.由bothand

3、連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or,eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞形式。例如：Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是湯姆就是杰克錯(cuò)了。Either this one or that one is OK.這一個(gè)或那一個(gè)都行。2.以-s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news,maths,physics等，例如：No

4、news is good news.沒有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。3.a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例：A number of famous people were invited to party. 許多名人都被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。The number of the students is over eight houndred. 我們學(xué)校學(xué)生數(shù)超過800人。4.當(dāng)kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示確定

5、數(shù)量的名詞短語修飾主語時(shí)，謂語與kind,pair,glass等一致。例如：This pair of shoes is Toms.這雙鞋是湯姆的。There are two glasses of wather on the table. 桌上有兩杯水。5. the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. 窮人很快樂，富人卻過得不快樂。6.以here，there開關(guān)的句子，若主語在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語一致。例如：There is a book and three pens on

6、the desk. 桌子上有一本書，三只鋼筆。Here are some books and paper for you. 這是給你的書和紙。7.不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，例如：Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody was in. 沒有人在家。8. 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，一般用復(fù)

7、數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。例如：The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)9. people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個(gè)整體

8、時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：People here are very friendly.這兒的人很友好。His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。10.many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。例如：Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學(xué)生到過上海。11. more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。例如：More than one student has ever be

9、en to Beijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。12. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如：Two months is a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。13. 主語是each/every/no+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every/no)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。Every man an

10、d every woman is at work. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。14. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：One and a half hours is enough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。15. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：To see is to believe 眼見為實(shí)Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。16. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：A student or two has failed th

11、e exam. 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。17.當(dāng)主語部分含有with，toge ether with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Mike with his father has been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。18.分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))+of +名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。但要注意population 一詞，用作整體時(shí)

12、，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。Part of the work has been done by us .Ten percent of the apples were bad .The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants .19. 不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語時(shí)，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

13、。例如：All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.20. 在定語從句中主語是關(guān)系代詞who , that , which , 謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。注意：在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，從句謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如沒有the only， 就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been ask

14、ed. He was the only one of the students who was late for school.主謂一致練習(xí)題 1. The old _well looked after by the government in China. A. is B. are C. has been D. was 2. The secretary and manager _very busy now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Both the secretary and the manager _agreed to attend the meeti

15、ng. A. has B. have C. are D. was 4. Tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party. A. was B. were C. have been D. had been 5. Either you or I _going to the teachers office after class. A. am B. is C. are D. will 6. Most of his spare time _spent in reading. A. are B. were C. was D. have

16、been 7. This is one of the best novels that _appeared this year. A.have been B. has C. had been D. have 8. Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum. A.are B. is C. were D. have 9. About 20 percent of the work _done yesterday. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. Mr Smith， together with his children， _arri

17、ved. A.are B. has C. is D. have 11. It _I who _leaving for London. A.isis B. amis C. isam D. amam 12. Not only Tom but also his wife _fond of watching television. A. are B. were C. be D. is 13. When and where to build the new factory _yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. h

18、ave not decided 14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest _. A. are difficult B. has proved difficult C. is supposed difficult D. have been found difficult 15. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all. A. is B. was C. are D. were 16. Half of his goods _ stolen the

19、other day. A. are B. were C. is D. was 17. Mathematics _the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 18. Each of the students _ a Chinese-English dictionary. A. have B. has C. there is D. there are 19. They each _ a beautiful handkerchief. A. have B. has C. there is D. there

20、are 20. Between the two rows of trees _the teaching building. A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are 21. This pair of shoes _made in Nanjing. A.is B. are C. have been D. had been 22. No one except my parents _anything about it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known 23. A number of students _fr

21、om the south. A. are B. is C. have D. has 24. The number of students from the north _small. A.are B. is C. have D. has 25. Writing stories and articles _what I enjoy most， A.is B. are C. was D. were 26. His “Selected Poems” _first published in 1965. A.were B. was C. has been D. are 27. Miss Smith is

22、 a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers 28. A good deal of money _spent on books. A. have B. has C. have been D. has been 29. On the wall _ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 30. _turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. L

23、eaves 31. Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices 32. All but one _here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 33. The number of people invited _fifty， but a number of them _absent for different reasons. A. were； was B. was； was C.

24、 was； were D. were； were 34. The air in big cities _very dirty by factories. A. are often made B. is often made C. have often made D. has often made 35. Nobody _to smoke in the cinema. A. allows B. allow C. is allowed D. are allowed 36. The Chinese people _hard-working and brave. A. are B. is C. has

25、 been D. are being 37. _can be done _been done. A. All； have B. All that； have C. All； has D. All that； has 38. John has two brothers， but either _out of work now. A. are B. is C. has D. have 39. The police _the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were

26、searching for C. are searching for D. were searching 40. Apples of this kind _. A. tastes good B. tastes well C. taste good D. taste well 41. Your trousers _dirty， you must have _washed. A. is； it B. are； it C. are； them D. is； them 42. Where _rubbish， there are flies. A. there are B. there is C. is

27、 D. there has 43. The Olympic Games _held every _years. A. is； four B. are； four C. is； five D. are； five 44. Many a man _ come to help us. A. have B. has C. is D. are 45. He is the only one of the students who _elected. A. are B. have C. has D. is 46. Three-fourths of the homework _today. A. has fi

28、nished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished 47. Those who _ in _compositions， please hand them in this afternoon. A. hasnt handed； his B. havent handed； their C.has handed； their D. have handed； his 48. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _by their teacher. A. ar

29、e praised B. is praised C. praised D. praising 49. The whole class _the teacher attentively. A. are listening to B. is listening to C. are listening D. is listening 50. The United States of America _one of the most developed countries in the world. A. is B. are C. was D. were KEY： 1-5 BABAA 6-10 CDB

30、DB 11-15 CDABA 16-20 BCBAB 21-25 ABABA 26-30 BADBD 31-35 BDCBC 36-40 ADBBC 41-45 CBBBD 46-50 BBAAA 主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一 單項(xiàng)選擇：1. Eating vegetables_ good for our health.A. is B. are C. were D. was2. More than one person _ made the suggestion.A. was B. has C. were D. have3. I think _ of the materials I listened t

31、o at the beginning of the exam _ easy.A. two thirds; is B. second three; are C. two thirds; are D. two third; are4. Neither you nor Lin Hua _ to the Great Wall before.A. had been B. has gone C. has been D. have been5. The writer and teacher _ coming now.A. is B. are C. has D. have6. Something _ gone

32、 wrong with my TV set.A. has B. have C. is D. are7. Nothing but grass and trees _ the hill.A. covers B. cover C. covering D. are covering8. Physics _ more interesting than Maths, I think.A. are B. is C. was D. were9. Each student and each teacher _ to see the film.A. go B. wish C. are D. wants10. Ei

33、ther Tom or I _ to blame.A. to be B. am C. are D. is11. There _ a desk, two beds and four chairs in the room. A. is B. are C. has D. have12. Lucy, together with her two brothers, often _ to the park on Sundays.A. go B. goes C. are going D. is going13. There _ a pair of shoes on the floor. The shoes_

34、 mine.A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are14. None of that money on the table _ mine.A. is B. are C. been D. have15. Could you get me a piano, Mum? There _ enough room for one in our home.A. is B. are C. isnt D. arent16. The family I am staying with _ very friendly.A. is B. are C. was D. were

35、17. Our team _ the World Cup!A. has won B. have won C. are won D. is won18. Our country _ great changes in the last 30 years.A. experience B. experiences C. has experienced D. experiencing19. The police _ having a meeting in their office at ten yesterday.A. is B. are C. was D. were20. The number of

36、people invited _ 50, but a number of them _absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were21. A library with 5000 books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered22. I told him what I was surprised _ his attitude towards h

37、is study. A. is B. was C. at is D. at was23. On the wall _ two large portraits(肖像). A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. are hung24. All that can be done _. A. has been done B. has done C. have done D. were done25. The singer and the dancer _ come to the meeting. A. has B. have C. are D. is26. I have finis

38、hed a large part of the book; the rest _ more difficult. A. is B. are C. was D. were27. The wounded(傷員) _ by the hospital. A. has taken in B. has been taken in C. have taken in D. have been taken in28. The following _ some other examples. A. are B. is C. was D. were29. The whole class _ the teacher

39、attentively(認(rèn)真地). A. are listening B. is listening to C. are listening to D. is listening30. “All _ present and all _ going on well,” our manager said. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are31. The rich _ not always happy. A. are B. is C. has D. have32. He is the very thief that the police _. A. is after B. is looking C. are after D. are looking33. The third and last chapter(章節(jié)) _ by Professor Chen. A. are written B. are writing C. is written D. is writing34.