必修四unit1詞匯

1、必修4 Unit1 Women of achievement知識點講解資料1.achievement (1) c 成就；功績He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. It was a remarkable achievement for such a young man.(2) u完成；實現(xiàn)Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement. achieve vt取得（成就、成果等）,達到，完成 achieve success/ victoryachieve

2、ones purpose/aim/target/goal/dream achieve a lot/much/nothing/littleachievable adj.能完成的,能達到的 同義詞：accomplish v. 完成（任務等）；后綴-ment附在動詞或動詞詞根后構(gòu)成名詞，類似的詞還有entertainentertainment, movemovement, equipequipment, judgejudg(e)ment, shipshipment等。例句：Jane has achieved everything she wanted to.Maurice has achieved

3、his hope of becoming a doctor.Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.2.condition【課文原句】She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education. (P1)condition 意為“環(huán)境；境況；條件”時，是可數(shù)名詞，常用復數(shù)形式conditions；意為“狀態(tài)；狀況”時，是不可數(shù)名詞，be in good condition表示“處于良好的狀態(tài)”，be out of condition表示“

4、健康狀況不佳”。如：The patient with Bird Flu was in such dangerous condition that the doctors and nurses had to look after him day and night.Elizabeth Fry helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education.We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions.My car is

5、old but still in good condition.He is overweight and out of condition.condition意為“條件”時，常用短語on condition that，表示“如果；在條件下”；在美國英語中，也經(jīng)常用under the condition that。如： I will come on condition that Peter is invited. They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly.3.connection 【原句回放】Her

6、 research showed the connections between chimps and human beings.connected adj.聯(lián)接的;有關系的；connective adj.連接的；聯(lián)合的； connecting.連接；管接頭；近義詞：association，relationconnect vt.&vi. 把連接起來 The two cities were connected by a railway. he two trains connect here.connection . / un. 連接，銜接；關系，關聯(lián)；社會關系 (with/bet

7、ween)have connection with “與有關系”，如：His illness must have had some connection with his diet.in connection with “與有關；關于”，如：The teachers often deal with problems in connection with education.The connection of our telephone took several hours. Do you believe that theres a connection between smoking and

8、heart disease?The company has a connection with a number of Japanese . pl. 親屬；親戚Shes English but she has Chinese connections.He is a distant connection of my wifes. connect加后綴-ion構(gòu)成名詞，類似的詞還有：actactioncommunicatecommunicationcorrectcorrectionoperateoperation instructinstructiontranslatetransl

9、ation5behave【原句回放】Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. behave vt.&vi. 舉動；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn) behavio(u)r n. 行為；舉止；習慣 同根詞：misbehave v. 使行為不端;behavio(u)r n. 舉止；行為；表現(xiàn)；misbehavio(u)rn. 不良行為短語歸納：behave oneself behave like/as a gentleman be

10、have like/as a lady behaviour towards/to. The little boy behaved with great courage in the face of the gunman.The children do not know how to behave themselves decently. She was ashamed of her childrens (bad) behaviour.She has studied the behaviour of chimps for over forty years.6. Watching a family

11、 of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.動名詞做主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作(在口語中也可以表示具體的動作)。如： Seeing is believing. Helping her is my duty.動名詞作主語時，句子有兩種形式：動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。如：1). Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄別人是我們?nèi)f萬不能干的。2). Talking is easier than doing. 說比做容易。用it作形式主語，如: It

12、 is useless/worth/no good/no use/no sense doing sth.等，如：1). It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 2). It s no sense arguing with her. 動名詞短語作主語時的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式：Learning new words is very important for me. 7 mean 【原句回放】This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the

13、 night before.Being a student means studying hard.mean doing的主語通常為指事物的詞。doing 意味著(必須要做某事或?qū)е履撤N結(jié)果) mean to do sth.打算或企圖做某事。其主語通常是表示人的名詞或代詞，其過去完成式表示“本來打算做某事”。 例如:We mean to call on you tomorrow.He had meant to leave on Sunday,but has stayed on. mean sb.to do sth.打算讓某人做某事。I mean you to work as our spoke

14、sman. be meant for 打算給予；打算作用。例如:These rooms are meant for the childrens centre.8. worthwhile 【原句回放】But the evening makes it all worthwhile.worthwhile adj. 值得出力的，值得做的；值得花時間精力的 It is worthwhile to visit the museum.Helping old people is a worthwhile activity.But the evening makes it all worthwhile.The

15、hard work was worthwhile because I passed the exam. It proved worthwhile to make the trip. It is worthwhile to read the book. =It is worthwhile reading the book. =Reading the book is worthwhile. 但不可以說The book is worthwhile reading. worthwhile像worthy那樣，既可以作表語，也可以作定語。它表示某事因為重要、有趣或受益大而值得 去花時間、錢財或努力去做好，

16、一般作“值得的”、“值得做的”、“有意義的”解。用作表語時，可以后接動名詞或動詞不定式。 It is worthwhile to do /doing.worth是一個只能作表語的形容詞，意為“值的”、“相當于的價值的”。后接名詞或主動語態(tài)的動名詞(有被動的含義)作賓語。 be worth+ n. /doing 如：The used car is still worth $2,000. Is the exhibition worth a visit/visiting? Its worth the time and effort we devoted to it.worthy可以作表語和定語。用作

17、定語時，意思是“有價值的”、“值得尊敬的”；用作表語時，意思是“值得的”、“應得到的”，其后常接of sth.，也可接不定式。 be worthy of +n./being done; be worthy to be done The incident is worthy of being remembered.=The incident is worthy to be remembered. The question is worthy of consideration. The question is worthy of being considered. The question is

18、worthy to be considered.9. observe vt. 觀察；觀測；遵守 【原句回放】Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities.observer n. 觀察者;observatory n.天文臺；氣象臺； observation n. 觀察；觀測1.看到，注意到；觀察，觀測； They carefully observed the behavior of deer. He observed a stranger hanging around the store.observe

19、sb. do sth. 觀察某人做某事(已做完) observe sb. doing sth. 觀察某人正在做某事 under observation 被監(jiān)視observe+賓語+賓語補足語（不帶to的不定式/動詞的-ing形式），被動語態(tài)要用帶to的不定式。如：They were observed to enter the bank/entering the bank.The police observed the man entering/enter the bank. The woman was observed to follow him closely.She observed a

20、man walking on the opposite side of the way.He observed someone open the door.He was observed to stop at the gate.observe+從句，如：The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his sister.2. 遵守，奉行；慶祝(節(jié)日等) This law must be strictly observed. 這項法律必須嚴格遵守。 Some people observe Christmas here. 在這兒有些人過圣誕節(jié)

21、。 We should strictly observe the discipline. As a child, he liked to observe the behaviour of insects. We should observe the rules and regulations.Do you observe Christmas in your country?當表示“看”時，observe，watch，see，notice的區(qū)別：observe 相當于watch carefully，指從不同的角度長時間地看并研究，尤其用于實驗或研究等場合，如observe the stars（觀

22、察星星），observe the behavior of birds（觀察鳥類的習性）等；watch意為“看；觀看，特別留意、感興趣地看運動著的東西”。如 watch TV（看電視），watch a game等；see 指“看到；看見”；強調(diào)看的結(jié)果，有意或無意地看到；notice 指“看到；注意到；覺察到”；偶爾看到細小的但可能是重要的。10.respect rpekt vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意【原句回放】For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world un

23、derstand and respect the life of these animals.respect n. 尊敬；尊重；(pl)敬意；問候；某個方面、某種特征或細節(jié)vt. 尊敬；尊重respecting prep.關系；說到；self-respect 自尊心形容詞respectable，respectful 與respective 的區(qū)別：respectable 指“值得尊敬的”；respectful表示“尊敬的；恭敬的”；respective 指“各自的；分別的”。to show respect to those who are olderThe students have grea

24、t respect for their history teacher Give my respects to your wife短語歸納 give ones respects to 向致敬 have / show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬(重)，重視 gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 贏得某人的尊敬 out of respect for sb. 出于對某人的尊敬 Have respect for your parents對你的父母尊重一些吧。 Out of respect，he took off his hat他脫帽以示敬意。re

25、spect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人11 Only 開頭的用部分倒裝【原句回放】Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.該句型為“Only+狀語+助動詞+主語+謂語動詞+其他句子成分”。Only用于句首，并強調(diào)時間、地點、原因等狀語時，后面的句子要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Eg: Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she all

26、owed to begin her project. Only when it is hungry will a lion attack a human being.以介詞開頭的表地點的狀語放在句首時用全部倒裝， 及語序全部顛倒On the mountain stands a temple. In the center of Tianan Men Square stands the Chairman Maos Memorial Hall.*但是only修飾主語時不用倒裝Only Tom failed in the exam.如：Only then did he find it importan

27、t to get along with others.Only in this way can we make great progress. 只有通過這種方法你才能夠獲得成功。 Only after he came back were you able to see him. 只有他回來后你才能去見他。12. argue 【原句回放】She argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.【點撥】argue vt. & vi. 辯論；主張，認為；說服；爭論，

28、辯論；提出理由；Don t argue with your mother. 不要和母親爭辯。I argued that we needed a larger office. 重點用法短語歸納argue for (sb./sth.)為(某人/某事)而辯護 argue against (sb./sth.) 反對某人/某事)而辯護argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) 與某人(為某事)而爭吵argue that. 主張argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 通過爭論使某人做/不做某事have an argument about/over sth.

29、 辯論某事 They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies.We argued that we should be paid more.The way he spends money argues him to be rich/that he is rich.He argued against the use of animals in this experiment.13.entertainmen【課文原句】She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used

30、 for entertainment or advertisements. (P2)entertain v. 招待；款待；使歡樂；給娛樂；entertaining adj.使人愉快的；有趣的This is a serious novel，not an entertainment. There were music,games and dancing for our entertainment. That hotel is famous for its good entertainment.后綴-ment附在動詞或動詞詞根后構(gòu)成名詞，類似的詞： achieveachievementmovemov

31、ement equipequipmentjudgejudg(e)ment14. live/lead a. life 過著的生活“v. + 同源賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)： smile a. smile 露出微笑 dream a. dream 做了個的夢 sleep a. sleep 睡個覺sing a. song 唱的歌 die a. death 怎樣地死去 fight a. battle 打的仗 laugh a. laugh 發(fā)出方式的笑聲15.inspire 【原句回放】She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.inspi

32、re vt. 鼓舞，激勵；賦予靈感，給以啟示；激起；喚起(感情,思想等) His speech inspired us to try again.I was inspired to work harder than ever before. His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me. Goodall inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.He inspires selfconfidence in (into) his pupils.inspirationn.

33、“靈感”。例如:Poets and artists often draw their inspiration from nature.inspiringadj.“鼓舞的”。例如:an inspiring talk鼓舞人心的講話 inspiredadj. 得到靈感的;受到鼓舞的。例如:Every student was inspired by the story of Cong Fei. 1. He made an _ speech at the meeting and the _ audience stood up and gave him a long and warm applause.

34、2The speaker is giving rather an _ speech，as I can judge from the _ look of all the listeners16. support【原句回放】Jane was permitted to begin her work after her mother came to support her.support vt.1. 支撐 There are two large wood posts supporting the roof.2. 扶持，攙扶 The old man entered the room supported

35、by his grandson.3. 支持，擁護 Which football team do you support? Can you give some examples to support your argument?4. 資助 She supports her husband on the money she earns from teaching. 5. 承受，忍受，忍耐 I cant support your jealousy any longer.6. 撫養(yǎng)，贍養(yǎng) He has a large family to support.support n.支撐；撫養(yǎng)者，維持生計者；支

36、持，擁護，贊成；鼓舞 There are two large wooden supports that hold up the roof. Hunter is the chief support of the family. We need your support. 短語歸納support oneself自立謀生support ones family養(yǎng)家support ones opinion支持某人的想法in support of 為辯護/證明，幫助/支援support sb./ a family 支持某人/ 贍養(yǎng)家庭support sb. in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方面

37、支持某人 support sb. by (doing) sth. 通過做某事支持某人in support of sb/sth 支持或支援某人/事物support oneself 自力更生give support to sb. 支持、支援某人come to ones support來支持某人give support to支持, 支援eg: Which football team do you support? I was supported by my parents when I was studying. He has a large family to support.That small

38、 chair isnt strong enough to support that heavy man.Air, food and water are necessary to support life.He has always supported the football club.17. look down upon/on蔑視；瞧不起She looks down on people who've never been to university. You can t look down upon a person because he is poor. We must not l

39、ook down upon those who have lagged behind.We should not look down on manual labor.I hope you dont look down upon/on this kind of work.短語歸納：look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. as把某人看作look on 袖手旁觀 look into sth. 調(diào)查或觀察某事物look up 查閱(單詞、資料)；向上看 look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人) look out for sb/sth警惕

40、或留心某人/物hold sb./sth.in contempt；反義詞組：think highly oflook at 看著look about/around環(huán)顧四周;警戒look after 照料;照看look forward to盼望;期待look for 尋找look into調(diào)查；注視的內(nèi)部或深處look on旁觀;觀望look out向外看；當心；警戒look like看起來像look over檢查；檢閱look through瀏覽；檢查look up （在詞典、參考書中）查找look up to尊敬look down at低頭看某事18. refer to【原句回放】If the

41、word group refers to different members, use a plural verb.refer to 涉及；淡到；提到；關系到；指的是；適用于；查閱；參考；起因再歸功于refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物稱作 refer sth./sb. to 把某事提交；讓某人向求助 We agreed never to refer to the matter again. She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking. This paragraph refers to the

42、 events of last yearHer mother never referred to him againI dont know whom she was referring to when she said thatThere are certain people to whom this order does not referIf you dont know what book to get，refer to the list on page 3He often referred to his past experiences as a peasant.He referred

43、his success to the good education he had had.1The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notesAbringing up Breferring toClooking for Dtrying on2. Carl Lineous，the famous botanical scientist，was a man al-ways in blue. His depression was _ his childhood illness in his

44、 biographyAcentered on Bconcentrated onCnamed after Dreferred to。B,D19. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然) 遇見；碰見 I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. She came across some old photographs in a drawer.短語歸納 come短語：come about = happen 發(fā)生 come from 來自come out 出現(xiàn)；開

45、花；出版或發(fā)表；透露；顯出 come up 升起；發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)come up with sth 找到或提出（答案辦法等）20 intend【課文原句】I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside. (P6)intend v. 意為“打算；計劃；想要”。intend to do sth意為“想干某事”；intend后也可以接動詞-ing形式或that從句。intend for表示“原打算給某人；準備讓干”。如： I intended to

46、 come to your house last night but it rained. I intend coming / to come back soon. He hadnt really intended that they should be there. This gift is intended for you. I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. I intend you to take over. 短語歸納intend to do/doing sth. = mean to do sth. 打算做某 sth. be int

47、ended for (某物)是為而準備的intend sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事 intend sth. as/to be 打算讓某物作用 intend that. 打算21.It hits me like lightening how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when womens education was always placed second to mens.【剖析】1)在這個句子中，it是形式主語，真正的主語很長，是由how dif

48、ficult引導的主語從句。2)how difficult引導的主語從句中還包含一個由when引導的定語從句，修飾so long ago。3)“must have+過去分詞”用來表示對過去某種情況的推測，可能性極大，意為“一定，肯定發(fā)生了某事”，只用于肯定句，在疑問句或否定句中常用can/could代替。如：Where can John have put the matches? He cant have thrown them away.22.Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as

49、well as her good nature that had got her into medical school.【剖析】 1)本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：reading made me realize that.。是主語+謂語+賓語+賓補的結(jié)構(gòu)。2)that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school是一個由that引導的賓語從句，作realize的賓語；從句中還有一個以it was that.開頭的強調(diào)句，被強調(diào)的部分是 hard work，

50、determination 和good nature。3)further是形容詞far的比較級。far的另一個比較級是farther。farther意思是 “（距離、時間上）更遠”，further意思是“更遠”或“（程度上）更進一步”。如：Can you go any farther?【拓展】 強調(diào)句型1)強調(diào)的成分有主語、賓語、賓補，還可以強調(diào)時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語或方式狀語，但不能強調(diào)句子的謂語動詞。連接詞均用that(強調(diào)人時可用who)，而不用when，where，why等。強調(diào)句在強調(diào)主語時，that/who后邊的動詞應和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如果強調(diào)疑問詞，應該把疑問詞放

51、在句首。如： It is my parents who/that are singing in the next room. When is it that well hold a meeting?2)強調(diào)句中的謂語動詞be可以演變?yōu)閙ight be或must have been等形式。如： It might be tomorrow that we should arrive.3)not.until.句式的強調(diào)句形式為It wasnt until.that.。如： It was not until yesterday that I finished the book.(原句為：I didnt

52、finish the book until yesterday.)23.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? carry on 繼續(xù)；堅持Carry on (working/with your work) while I'm away. They decided to carry on in spite of the weather. 短語歸納：carry on (doing sth/with sth.) 繼續(xù)(做)某事 carry out 貫徹，執(zhí)行carry out

53、 a plan/orders/instructions執(zhí)行計劃/命令/指示 carry sth through 成功地完成某事物carry about隨身攜帶 carry away運走, 使失去自制力練習 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當?shù)脑~或carry短語。1). They decided to _ _ in spite of the weather. 2). Extensive tests have _ _ _ on the patient. 3). It is a difficult job but she s the person to carry it _. 4). Don t bla

54、me me. I m only _ _ my orders.Keys: 1). carry on 2). been carried out on 3). through 4). carrying out 24.consideration【原句回放】What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to ball her patients.consider vt.考慮;認為。例如:Were considering moving to Seattle.Michael is considered (to be/as )an expert in computer science.conside