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1、形容詞一、形容詞的一般用法:形容詞是指用來修飾、說明名詞或不定代詞,表示人或物的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。一般放在它所修飾的名詞前作定語,也可獨立作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語等。1 .作定語,一般放在所修飾詞的前面。It ' s a cold and windy day.$ F 2 .作表語,放在系動詞的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound .)He looks happy today.3.形容詞修飾 something, anything , nothing , everything 等復(fù)合不定代詞時,須放在其后。V.Would you like something hot to dri

2、nk ?匚丁“WJ r- . 'i < |4 .表示長、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞,應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。- - - I I _7間斗7/飛How long is the river ? It ' s about two hundred metres long.5 .只能作表語的形容詞:afraid ; alone ; asleep ; awake; alive ; well 健康的;川;frightenedThe man is ill. (正)The ill man is my uncle. (誤)6 .只能作定語的形容詞:little 小的;only唯一的;wooden

3、木質(zhì)的;woolen羊毛質(zhì)的;elder年長的My elder brother is in Beijing.(正)My brother is elder. (誤)7 .貌似副詞的形容詞:lonely ; friendly ; lively ; lovely歡迎共閱二、形容詞常用句型1. “It ' s +adj.+of+sb.+ 不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么樣" 。=Sb+be +adj+todo sth注意:這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞,如good, kind , nice ,polite , clever , foolish , lazy , care

4、ful , careless , right (正確的),wrong等。"iIt ' s very kind of you to help me. (=You are very kind to help me. )2. “It ' s+adj.+for+sb.+ 不定式”表示“做某事對某人來說怎么樣" 。=To do sth is adj for sb .注意:這句型中常用的形容詞有 important , necessary , difficult , easy, hard,dangerous, safe , useful , pleasant , int

5、eresting, impossible 等。It ' s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(二To learn a foreign I- V'i I Li,language is not easy for them. );->x “3 .表示感情或情緒的形容詞,如 glad, pleased , sad, thankful等常接不定式。I ' m very sad to hear the bad news.4 .表示能力和意志的形容詞,如ready (樂意的,有準(zhǔn)備的),able (有能力的),sure

6、 二(一定),certain (一定)等常接不定式。Lei Feng is always ready to help others.He is sure to get to school on time.注意:a. 有些形容詞只能作表語。如: alone, afraid, asleep 等如: That old man feels alone because his children are out.I'm afraid he can't come.歡迎共閱等連用時,要b. 形容詞與不定代詞 something, anything, nothing, everything放在這

7、些詞后面。如: There is something wrong with my DVD machine.It's nothing serious.c.某些形容詞可以和定冠詞連用,表示一類人或事物,其作用相當(dāng)于一個名詞。如: the young(年輕人),the poor(窮人),the rich( 富人)d.如果有兩個以上的形容詞修飾同一個名詞時,其前后排列順序一般如下: f一限定詞(a/the, this/some/her )+數(shù)量詞(先序數(shù)詞后基數(shù)詞)+觀點+大小+形狀+新舊+顏色+產(chǎn)地+ 材料+名詞。如:a big old German computerII副詞一、 副詞的分類

8、匚Tr- . v ? | |7 x 'j I Li'副詞按詞匯意義可分為:、7|卜下?'-N"方式副詞: well , fast , slowly , carefully , quickly程度副詞: very, much, enough, almost, rather , quite地點副詞:here, there , out, somewhere abroad, home時間副詞:today, early , soon, now, then, recently , still頻度副詞:always, often , usually , sometimes,

9、 seldom, never否定副詞: no, not, neither , nor疑問副詞: where, how, why其他:also , too , only二、副詞的基本用法:副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子,有時也能修飾名詞,表示時歡迎共閱間、地點、方式、程度、動作、頻度等,在句中主要用作狀語。i. 副詞修飾動詞,告訴我們動作是怎樣進(jìn)行的,什么時候進(jìn)行或者在什么地方發(fā)生的,一般位于動詞之后。如:They went to the park early yesterday. We must study hard.ii. 副詞修飾形容詞或副詞,則告訴我們這些形容詞或副詞的程

10、度如何,一般位于這些詞前。 如: Michael Jordan jumps very high. Dai Yuqiang sings quite well. $ f 注意:I 'a.副詞表示頻度修飾動詞時,位于連系動詞和助動詞之后,行為動詞之前。如: Mr. Wang usually comes to school on foot. The boy is often ill.b. already 和yet的區(qū)別:already用于陳述句,一般用于句中,但不能和時間狀語放在一起,譯為“已經(jīng)”;yet用來談某事在預(yù)料之中,用于疑問句時譯為“已經(jīng)”, I V 'i I u'但

11、用在否定句中則譯為“尚未,還沒有",一般都放于句末。7.'-X如:The train has already arrived. I have already read the book.Have you found your book yet? I have not finished my homework yet.c. ever用于疑問句或帶if的肯定句中或含hardly等否定意義的肯定句中,表示“曾 經(jīng)” 一般要放在動詞前面;它不用于現(xiàn)在完成時的簡略回答,而要用 Yes, I have或No, never表示。如:Theold manhardly ever goes ou

12、t. ( hardly ever 可譯為:幾乎從不) “Have you ever been to the new library? ”“No, never” .3.形容詞與副詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)變:形容詞是用來修飾名詞,副詞是用來修飾動詞,形容詞或其它副詞,它們在具體應(yīng) 歡迎共閱用中可以互相轉(zhuǎn)化,規(guī)律如下:a. 在形容詞詞尾直接加-ly ,構(gòu)成副詞。如: usual-usually, bad-badly 等。注:不是所有以-ly結(jié)尾的單詞都是副詞,某些名詞后加-ly可以轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞。如:sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely等。b. 以“輔音字

13、母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞,變y為i ,再加-ly ,如:heavy-heavily, happy-happily 等,并且要注意這些單詞的變化:polite-politely, true-truly,terrible-terribly 等。 $ F 形容詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成絕大多數(shù)形容詞有三種形式,原級,比較級和最高級。用以表示形容詞說明的性質(zhì)在程度上的不同。形容詞的原級:形容詞的原級形式就是詞典中出現(xiàn)的形容詞的原形。如: poor、 tall 、 gr I7 v 'i I u'eat、 glad、 bad 等。7同斗 jj.'-x"形容詞的比較級和最高級:形容

14、詞的比較級和最高級形式是在形容詞的原級形式的基礎(chǔ)上變化的。分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩類。規(guī)則變化如下:1、單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在詞尾加-er 和-est 構(gòu)成。如:great (原級)-greater ( 比較級)-greatest ( 最高級)2、以-e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加-r 和-st 構(gòu)成。如:wide (原級)-wider (比較級)-widest ( 最高級)3、少數(shù)以-y, -er, -ow, -ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -er 和 -est 構(gòu)成。歡迎共閱如:clever(原級)-cleverer ( 比較級)-cl

15、everest ( 最高級)4、以-y 結(jié)尾,但-y 前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級和最高級是把-y 去掉,加上 -ier和-est構(gòu)成.如:happy (原級)-happier ( 比較級)-happiest ( 最高級)5、以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾其前面的元音字母發(fā)短元音的形容詞的比較級和最高級是雙 寫該輔音字母然后再加-er和-est。如:big (原級)-bigger ( 比較級)-biggest ( 最高級) ? "一6、某些雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級需用more和most加在形容詞前面來構(gòu)成。如:careful ( 原級)-more careful ( 比較級)-mos

16、t careful ( 比較級) beautiful (原級)-more beautiful(比較級)-most beautiful(比較級)7 ' % 'i I Mdifficult ( 原級)- more difficult ( 最高級)-7中斗"most difficult (最高級)注:形容詞前若加上less 和least 則表示“較不”和“最不” 。如:important 重要 less important較不重要least important 最不重要常用的不規(guī)則變化的形容詞的比較級和最高級:原級比較級最高級Good /well ( 健康的,身體好的)be

17、tter bestMany/muchmore mostBad/badly/illworseworstlittleless leastfarfarther/further farthest/furthest歡迎共閱形容詞、副詞比較級的重難點1、 "as + adj. / adv. + as" 或"not so (as ) + adj. / adv. + as"句型。該句型常用來描述兩個比較對象在程度上的相似或不同之處(即平時說的"等級比較和不等級比較")。如: The building is as high as that tower.

18、這座大樓和那座塔一樣高。My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours.我的電腦不如你的貴重。2、 "as many / few + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + as"或'as much / little + 不可數(shù) $ f 名詞+ as "結(jié)構(gòu)。前者描述數(shù)目上的接近;后者描述量的相近。如: You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少書就借多少。"Drink as much water as you can," the doctor said to him.

19、醫(yī)生對他說:"你要盡可能地多喝些水。"三、 "主語 + 比較級 + than any other +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)"或"主語 + 比較 I7、 'i I ii級 + than the other可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示:主語所描述的事物比其它(任何一個)都."。用比較級形式表示最高級含義。如: Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海是中國最大的城市。Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their cla

20、ss.李明是他們班中最聰明的學(xué)生。四、諸如 not , never之類的否定詞與形容詞或副詞的比較級連用,表示最高級含義。意為"再沒有比.更."。如:It is not a better idea.這是一個再好不過的辦法。I have never heard such an interesting story.我從來沒有聽過比這更有趣的故事。五、"no + 比較級 + than ."結(jié)構(gòu)表示對兩個比較對象都進(jìn)行否定(可以用歡迎共閱neither . nor .結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫)。如: This computer is no better than yours.

21、這臺電腦并不比你的好。 (相當(dāng)于 Neither this computer nor yours is good. )I'm no more foolish than you.我們倆者B不傻。 (相當(dāng)于 Neither I nor you arefoolish.)六、"not more + 比較級 + than ."結(jié)構(gòu)表示在程度上前者不如后者。T J、如: This book is not more interesting than that one. $ f 這本書不如那本書有趣。(相當(dāng)于The book is less interesting than tha

22、t one. )The girl is not more selfish than her mother.這女孩不像她母親那樣自私。七、"比較級 + than + 形容詞",意為"與其. 倒不如."。如: He was much luckier than clever.與其說他聰明,倒不如說他運氣好。Jack is much harder than clever.與其說杰克聰明,倒不如說他努力。 I7 1 ( 'i I u'八、 "would rather . than, prefer . to ., prefer to do

23、. rather than .",這三個句型表示"寧愿. 而不.; 喜歡. 勝過.; 寧愿彳故.而不愿做."含義。雖無比較級形式,但表示比較級含義。如: She would rather die than give in.她寧死不屈。I prefer playing basketball to going to the cinema.我寧愿打籃球也不愿去看電影。He preferred to go out rather than stay home.他寧愿出去也不愿呆在家里。九、"The + 比較級.,the + 比較級.",該結(jié)構(gòu)意為&quo

24、t;越., 越."。如: The harder you work at English, the greater progress you will make.在英語學(xué)習(xí)上你越用功,取得的進(jìn)步就越大。歡迎共閱The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answerthem.問題越難,他回答出來的可能性就越小。1) .副詞是用來修飾形容詞、其他副詞,一般放在被修飾詞之前.He plays the piano very well .2) .副詞是用來修飾動詞,常放在動詞之后.He got up q

25、uickly3) .enough 修飾adj /adv 時,放在其后.He is old enough to go to school .三、常見副詞用法辨析j I .», I ux 廠1.already與yet的區(qū)別already用于肯定句句中,表示“已經(jīng)” ;yet用于否定句句末,表示“還”,用于疑 I7 I ii問句句末,表示“已經(jīng)”、7中,1 m小He had left when I called.Have you found your ruler ?2 very , much和 very much.的區(qū)另Uvery用于修飾形容詞或副詞的原級;much用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比

26、較級;修飾動詞要用very much.John is honest.This garden is bigger than that one.Thank you.3.so與such的區(qū)別so修飾形容詞或副詞;such修飾名詞,My brotherruns so fast that I can ' t歡迎共閱follow him.He is such a boy.so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)such+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞He is clever a boy.=He is a clever boy.It is cold weathe

27、r.They are good students.名詞前有 many ,much, few ,little ( 少量的)用so不用such .(多多少少仍用so)Li *%,7但little 表示 “小的” 用such.There are little sheep on the hill . ; I7 v 'i I u'4.also , too, as well 與 either 的區(qū)別Ty '-xalso , as well , too ,用于肯定句,also常用于be動詞,情態(tài)動詞,助動詞之后,行為動詞之前;as well , too用于句末;either用于否定句

28、中,置于句末。例如, My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher, .I can ' t speak French Jennycan ' t speak French , .5.sometime , sometimes, some time 與 some times 的區(qū)別sometime:表示將來的或過去的某一個不確定的時間。someti

29、mes:有時,不時的=at timessome time :段時間歡迎共閱some times: 幾次,幾倍We ll have a test next month.we are busy and sometimes we are not.He stayed in Beijing for last year.I have been to Beijing.6 .ago與before的區(qū)別ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點的“以前”,常與一般過去時連用,不可以單獨使用。? * before指過去或?qū)淼哪硶r刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成時連用,可以單獨使用。I saw him ten minutes.He

30、 told me that he had seen the film.7 .now, just 與 just now 的區(qū)別 I7 S 'i I u,now:與一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時連用,意為“現(xiàn)在”、71:卜亍'-N"just :與現(xiàn)在完成時連用,表示“剛”just now :和過去時連用,表示“剛才”Where does he live ?We have seen the film.He was here.8.lonely / alone 的區(qū)另 U1) .alone 獨自一人/沒有同伴,既可作adj也可作adv.2) .lonely表示孤獨,寂寞,也

31、可修飾地點,表示荒涼,偏僻的,常與feel連用。3) .alone 只作表語(以a開頭的形容詞一般只作表語,不作定語)而lonely 既可作表語,也可作定語)歡迎共閱He lives on a island .He is,but he doesn ' t fee l.9.fast /quickly /soon的區(qū)另U.fast表示速度之快quickly 表示動作之快soon表示時間之快I ' m leaving home this afternoon . Really ? Why so?A.fast B.soon C.quickly D.early田、形容詞,副詞的比較級、最高

32、級? * 一、規(guī)則變化1 . 一般在詞尾直接加 er 或 est , tall-taller-tallest , long-longer-longest2 .以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r或st , nice-nicer-nicest I 7Q/j I .«' IX 3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞,把y變?yōu)閕 ,再力口 er或est, heavy-heavier-heaviest4 .重讀閉音節(jié),末尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫這個輔音字母,再加 er或est , I7 ' % 'i I mbig-bigger-biggest7中,| TjE注:大,紅,濕,熱

33、,悲,瘦,胖.雙寫末輔再變級.(big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat )5 .部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級前加more構(gòu)成比較級和most構(gòu)成最高級,beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful注:表示否定意義在其前加less /leastimportant-less important-least importantEnglish is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting thanEnglish .6 .由“形容詞+ly ”構(gòu)成的副詞,在其前加more/

34、 mostslowly-more slowly-most slowly; 但 early earlier-earliest歡迎共閱二、不規(guī)則變化原級 比較級 最高級 good/well better best many/much more most little lessleast old old / elder old /eldest bad/badly/ill worse worst far farther (品巨離)/further(程度)farthest /furthest下列單、雙音節(jié)詞只能加more和most原級 比較級 最高級like( 想似的)more like most li

35、ke real( 真的)more realmost real tired more tired most tired pleased more pleased most pleased often ? * more often most often注:形容詞,副詞同形有:back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straightIV形容詞,副詞等級的用法一、原級的用法1.只能修飾原級的詞,very, quite , so, too.11 I- x 'i I dHe is too tired to walk on.My brother runs so

36、fast that I can ' t follow him.2.原級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1) A= BA+ as +adj / adv 的原級 + as +B一 .;表示 “A和 B一樣”Tom is as old as Kate.Tom runs as fast as Mike.(2) A< B-A +not+as/so+ 形容詞原級+as+B表示 “A不如B”This room is not as/so big as that one.He doesn' t walk as slowly as you.二、比較級的用法歡迎共閱1 .可以修飾比較級的詞.much a lo

37、t , far ,的多 a little , a bit , i點兒 even 甚至,still 仍然Lesson Oneis mucheasier than Lesson Two. Tomlooks even younger than before.2 .比較級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)“甲+形容詞/副詞的比較級+than+乙”表示“甲比乙/Tom is taller than Kate.T Tj .I got up earlier than my mother this morning.$ f 三.最高級的用法1) .結(jié)構(gòu):the +最高級+ of +人或物(in + 地點)He is the tal

38、lest of all the boysHe works hardest in his class .注:副詞的最高級前the可省掉匚丁"X'Jl r- - .S, r y ! |7 ' ( 'i I u'2) .the +序數(shù)詞+形容詞的最高級+單數(shù)名詞7中斗'"jJ'-XThe Yellow River is the second longest river in China .3) .one of +the +形容詞的最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞He is one of the cleverest students in our c

39、lass.4) .“特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級+甲,乙,or丙? ”用于三者以上的比較。Which season do you like (the ) best , spring , summer or autumn ?四.級別的轉(zhuǎn)換1) .原級與比較級的轉(zhuǎn)換a) .倍數(shù)+ asas 一 (倍數(shù)-1)+比較級+thanThis room is five times as big as that one =This room is bigger thanthat one .歡迎共閱b) .not as as與比較級的轉(zhuǎn)換A +not as as + B A+比較級(反義詞的比較級)+tha

40、n +BB+比較級+than+AMary is not as old as Tom .= Mary is Tom.=Tom is Mary .This book is not as expensive as that one = This book is thanthat one = That book isthan this one .2) .比較級與最高級的轉(zhuǎn)換$ * a) . the + 最高級 + of / in b) .比較級+than+any other +單數(shù)名詞+the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞'I ' "。' J"+anyone e

41、lse+any of the other+ 復(fù)名r" .=. .1 I7 I u*c) . Nobody else + 比較級 + than 7中斗"Tom is the tallest boy in our class .Tom is taller than boy in our class.Tom is taller than in our class. 二 is taller than Tom in our class.五.級別的慣用法1 .“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越”。He is getting taller and taller.2 . “the+比較

42、級,the+比較級”表示"越,越”。The more careful you are , the fewer mistakes you ' ll make.3 .“甲+be+the+形容詞比較級+of the two+ ”表示“甲是兩者中較的”。歡迎共閱(of the twins/parents )Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.4 .當(dāng)adj的最高級前有物主代詞,名詞所有格,指示代詞時,不用the .This is my best book of all.5 .相比較的前后兩部分必須是同類比

43、較.My pencil is longer than(you).6 .比較時不能與自身相比$ f 注:當(dāng)相比較的兩者屬于同一范圍/類別時,為了與自身相比較,要用any other +單數(shù)名詞.若兩者不屬于同一范圍/類別時,不必用other ,直接用any +單數(shù)名詞.He is taller than boy in his class.I *3 L" J,He is taller than boy in our class .A.any B.any other I7、 I u,7.有些含有比較級的句子里,常用that(單數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞)、those (復(fù)數(shù)名詞)代替前面提到的詞,以避

44、免重復(fù)。The weather in Beijing is colder than in Guangzhou in winter .The boys in our class are more than in your class .;1二比較等級,幾多注意在具體運用比較級中,常有同學(xué)因粗心而犯下一些錯誤。那么,學(xué)習(xí)比較等級,有那些要注意的地方呢?一注意單詞拼寫可不要以為拼寫是一個小問題呀!形容詞或副詞變比較級的規(guī)則可要時刻牢記,該雙寫,該去e,該加more或該y變i ,都是不能馬虎的。例如:他總是比我至 U校早。He always comes to school earlyer than m

45、e.(誤)歡迎共閱(正)He always comes to school earlier than me.二注意比較對象在比較等級的句型中,比較的雙方必須是同類事物,否則會引起歧義。即人與人,物與物的比較。例如:他的尺子比我的長。His ruler is longer than me. (誤)(正)His ruler is longer than mine.三注意符合邏輯 $ f 自身能進(jìn)行比較嗎?當(dāng)然是不行的??墒怯袝r我們因不小心而將自己和自己比較。為了避免這樣的錯誤,可借助“ any other+單數(shù)名詞”來幫忙。例如:中國比亞洲的其他任何一個國家都大。China is larger than any country in Asia.(誤)

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