初中英語：冠詞講解初中英語

1、冠 詞一、 冠詞的分類：不定冠詞：a和an定冠詞： the二、冠詞的用法：冠詞的泛指和特指用法：泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文提到的人或事物，或是指被限定性修飾語在其后加以限定意義 的人或事物；也可以是指說話者和聽話者雙方心目中所默認(rèn)的特指的人或事物。冠詞 的泛指和特指的用法可歸納如下：單數(shù)可 數(shù)名詞 一定要 用冠詞r泛指單一，每一，任一事物 a(an)指類別上文提到過的事物特I被限定性修飾語所限定的事物the ,指說話雙方所默認(rèn)的事物世上獨(dú)一無二的事物I指類別一上文提到的事物復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù) 名詞、不 可數(shù)名詞the特指 1被限定性修飾語所限定的事物、說話雙方所默認(rèn)的事物f泛指

2、的一些事物零冠詞指類別不定冠詞的用法：(1)不定冠詞a和an的用法區(qū)別：a用在單詞發(fā)輔音開首的單詞前，an用在 單詞發(fā)元音開首的單詞前。如：a book, a desk, a pen, a doctor, a housean enemy, an accident, an animal, an egg但注意：an hour, a useful tool(2)不定冠詞的用法：1 .表示人、事和物中的某一類或某類中任何一個(gè)。A horse is a useful tool.A dog runs faster than a goat.2泛指某人或某事物An old man is sitting on

3、the chair.3.表示one或every,但概念上沒有它們那樣強(qiáng)烈。當(dāng)表示 one的意思時(shí)，一般不用two, three等相對比。如：Every elephant has a long nose.Take this medicine three times a day.4用于某些固定詞組中。a few, a bit, a lot of, in a hurry, at a time, all of a sudden, many a, a little, a couple of, as a matter of fact, in a word, have a good time, do sb.

4、 a favor, pay a visit to, in a way, have a word with, make a living, take a pride in, take a walk, a great deal of, catch a cold,5用在某些抽象名詞前，表示“一種，一類，一場，一陣”等She was caught in a heavy rain.It was a wonderful tea.That is a great disappointment.( 3) 不定冠詞的特殊用法：1 與有或沒有形容詞修飾的抽象名詞前，表示具體一個(gè)“人或物”。He received a

5、 good education.Thank you, Jim. You have done a kindness.Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.The meeting held yesterday was a success.To advise him is a waste of time.2 偶爾與專有名詞連用，表示某種特定意思。表示類似的一個(gè)或某一個(gè)(acertain)a Mr Black a living Lei FengA Mr. Smith w

6、ants to see you.3 與形容詞最高級(jí)連用，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，不表最高級(jí)。The Huanghe River is a longest river in China.The story is a most interesting one.4 用在有形容詞修飾的一日三餐、季節(jié)和日期前。Before I go to work every morning, I ve a light breakfast.The traffic accident happened on a Sunday to the end of the July.5 用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“再一，又一”而不表順序。How impor

7、tant it is to learn a second language.The fisherman cast a third net.6 .表示類別，有any, per之意，a（n）不必譯成漢語，此時(shí)a（n）可改為the或不用冠詞（但必須用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式）。His income is one thousand yuan a month.A camel is a useful animal. = Camels are useful animals.7 不定冠詞用于一些原來是動(dòng)詞的名詞前。Let s have a look around the playground after supper.h

8、ave a rest / walk / swim / talk （have = take）give a shout / whistle / loud laugh make a drive / move 8 用在同源賓語中。Now we are living a happy life.Last night I dream a terrible dream.四、冠詞the的用法：1. 用于特指（基本用法）。表示某一或某些特定的人或事物。She stayed at home and cleaned the house.He saw a book on the table in his room.Th

9、e boys in this school wear blue shirts.2. 用于雙方都知道的名詞前。What do you think of the film?Close the door, please.Let s go and give it to the policeman.3. 用于世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前。Which is farther from the earth, the sun or the moon?4. 用于第二次提到的事物前。Mr Wang has a son and the son is a driver.There is a book on the des

10、k. The book is Joh ns.5. 與單數(shù)名詞連用，表示一類（同 a或an）The panda is very lovely. = A panda is very lovely. = Pandas are very lovely.6. 用于最高級(jí)前（與不定冠詞不同= very） ， 以及對兩人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)起特定作用的比較級(jí)前。the first / second, the tallest, the most important,the taller of the two boys, the more interesting of the two books7. 用于序數(shù)詞前。

11、the first boy the third student 區(qū)別 a third student8. 用于有定語修飾的名詞前。the writing desk the man standing there9. 用于樂器名詞前。Do you like playing the violin?10. 用于普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前，表示國家、當(dāng)派、團(tuán)體、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、單位、報(bào)刊、條約、朝代、江河湖泊海洋、山川、群島等。the United States, the People s Republic of Ch,i nthae Youth League, the Yellow River, the P

12、eoples Daily, the Tang Dynasty, the Philippines, the History Museum, the Children s Palace, the Taiwan Straits11. 與某些形容詞、分詞連用表示某一類人。the rich, the poor, the sick, the wounded12. 用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示全家或夫婦二人。the Turners the Wangs the Browns13. 用于世紀(jì)的某年代。in the 1980s (in the 1980 s)14. 用于方位名詞前。Shanghai is in the

13、east of China.Japan lies to the east of China.15. 用于發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前。Who invented the telephone?16. 用于某些表示國家和民族的形容詞前，泛指全體。這些詞通常以-sh, -ch,-ese結(jié)尾。the English, the French, the Chinese17. 用于表示數(shù)量的名詞前。They sold eggs by the dozen.They were paid by the hour.18. 用于某些詞組和習(xí)語中。in the morning in the end at the age ofon

14、the other hand, in the daytime19. 用于句型：主語 + pat(strike/hit/catch/touch) +sb+#詞 +the+接觸部位He hit Tom in the face.The teacher patted the boy on the head.口訣一：沙漠河流與群山，島嶼海峽與海灣；階級(jí)當(dāng)派國家名，組織團(tuán)體和機(jī)關(guān)；方位朝代不一樣，會(huì)議條約及報(bào)刊； 樂器建筑海洋船，定冠詞都不能刪?？谠E二：特指雙熟悉，上文已提及； 世上獨(dú)無二，序數(shù)最高級(jí)； 某些專有名，習(xí)語及樂器。( 2) 冠詞的位置：冠詞一般放在名詞前，名詞前如有形容詞，冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之

15、前。定冠詞的位置：the 總是放在名詞的限定詞前。the red shoe，the interesting book不定冠詞的位置： 有 only, even, such, quite, rather, many, what, double#飾名詞時(shí)，不定冠詞 a(n) 放在這些詞之后。quite a good boy such an interesting book many a bookwhat a nice watch 有so, as, too, how + adj + a(n) +名詞時(shí)，不定冠詞a(n)l?放在這些詞所 修飾的形容詞之后。so cold a day too heavy

16、 a box for me to carry It s too difficult a book for us.How wonderful a story it is!I had so interesting a novel that my classmates wanted to read it very much. half 可位于冠詞之前，也可位于冠詞之后。half an hour = a half hour只是前者比較口語化，后者更正式一些，更常用于書面語中。 all, both 放在the 之前。All the pictures, both the boys rather 可位于冠詞

17、之前也位于冠詞之后。a rather nice coat rather a busy afternoon五、零冠詞及特例：1. 非特指的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前。paper braveryWater boils at 1000C.Knowledge begins with practice.但，這些詞被限定時(shí)，要用冠詞，當(dāng)表示個(gè)體事物或“一種、一場、一份”等含義時(shí)，前面加不定冠詞。The milk in the bottle has gone bad.Do you want a coffee?What do you think of the work?He has a good knowledge

18、 of English.2. 不含有普通名詞的專有名詞前。China, Beijing, Mary, Peter但有限定性、描繪性定語修飾時(shí)，用定冠詞；當(dāng)表示“像那樣的人或事物”，“有個(gè)名叫的人”時(shí)用不定冠詞。The England of those years was an England in turmoi劭舌 L).“ Hurry up! ” said the anxious Tom.He wishes to be an Edison.A Mr. White came to see you this morning.3. 表示語言的名詞前。We are studying English.

19、4. 可數(shù)名詞前已經(jīng)有了物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格等修飾限定時(shí)。This book is very cheap.Is this Mr. Wang s dictionary?5. 由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前多要加“the” 但也有的一些不用。Tian An Men Square Chang An AvenueNanjing Road Bei Hai Park Beijing University6. 在含有“day”節(jié)假日前。在中國彳統(tǒng)節(jié)假日一般有theNew Year Day, May Day, the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festi

20、val, the Mid-autumn Festival, the Double Ninth Festival, the Lantern Festival 7用作稱呼或表示獨(dú)一無二頭銜、職稱等做表語、不足語、同位語時(shí)以及稱 呼。Mr Liu is Chairman of our club.Go there, boy.What shall I do next, Mother?In 1860, Lincoln was elected President of the United States.8. 表示季節(jié)、月份、 周日的名詞前；但季節(jié)等被限定定語修飾時(shí)，用定冠詞。星期前加不定冠詞表示“某一個(gè)

21、”。In the spring of 2006, a Tuesday in September9. 在球類、棋類、學(xué)科等表運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前和三餐前。What did you have for breakfast?Do you like mathematics?She is fond of playing basketball.但在breakfast, lunch, suppe前通常有描繪性形容詞等修飾時(shí)，要加不定冠詞。He had a wonderful supper.10. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或物時(shí)。Horses are useful animals.11. 當(dāng) bike, car, taxi,

22、 bus, train, boat, ship, plan"與介詞 by 連用時(shí)，表示一種交通手段時(shí)，不用冠詞。Did you come back by plane or by train?但也可用介詞in, on 等或與動(dòng)詞搭配。這時(shí)名詞前要有修飾語。come in a car, take a bus, on the train還有 by water, by land, by sea, by ai也可表示交通手段。12. turn, go 表示“變成”, 其后接名詞時(shí)。turn writer = become a writer go socialist = become a soc

23、ialist13. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)名詞疊用或一對相反(近)的名詞連用時(shí)。experiment after experiment hand in hand day and night step by step side by side day after day husband and wife day by day soul and heart14. 兩個(gè)名詞指同一人時(shí)，前一名詞有a(n)，而后一名詞卻沒有。He is a poet and novelist.15. 在 kind of 或 kinds of 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，后面的名詞一般不用加冠詞，但是kind前可根據(jù)需要加冠詞。He likes thre

24、e kinds of book(s).然而，有時(shí)也可加冠詞的情況。如：What kind of a man is he?(kind of a 意為"怎樣的一個(gè)或一種 )類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：sort(s) of, type(s) of, class(es) of, form(s) of, variety(varieties) of 它們都表示一種或數(shù)種事物，后面的名詞都不加冠詞。16. man作“人類”講時(shí)，同human, mankind一樣，不用加冠詞。Man has existed for thousands of years.17. 在以“普通名詞(或形容詞最高級(jí))+ as /tho

25、ugh開始的讓步狀語從句中，前面不用冠詞。Child as he is, he knows a lot.Shortest though he is, he runs fastest in our class.18. 在某些獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中不用冠詞。He went into the forest, gun in hand.The teacher came into the classroom, ruler under arm.19. 在某些固定搭配中。go to school at night by train at first make room forin fact on foot after schoo