浙江省高考英語二輪專題總復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案 詞意猜測題

1、第 21 講 詞義猜測題高考對考生推測詞義能力的考查是非常重視的。這就要求我們在閱讀時要通過上下文交代的內(nèi)容作出合乎邏輯的推理。在必要時，做些語法分析，通過詞與詞的關(guān)系，確定其詞性；有時根據(jù)常識和生活經(jīng)驗或構(gòu)詞法知識，完全可以對那些從未見過的生詞的詞義作出正確的推測。 做這種題時，特別要注意的是，對于那些我們熟悉的詞千萬不要妄自、草率下結(jié)論，一定要結(jié)合上下文判斷它在文中的意思。 1. The word “” in linemost nearly/probably means _. 2. In line， the word “” refers to _. 3. In line， the word

2、 “” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4. The word “” as used in linein this passage means _. 5. The word “” as used in lineis closest in meaning to _. 6. In line， “” could properly be replaced by _. 7. By “”， the author means _. 1. 利用“同義關(guān)系”猜測詞義 (1)被考查的詞匯在文章中往往被同義詞、同位詞、定語從句等來解釋或限定，根據(jù)這

3、些詞可以很容易猜測詞義?！纠}】William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (紗線), good and ill together.”The underlined word “mingled” in the paragraph most probably means “_” A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy【解析】 Ba mingled yarn 應(yīng)與good and ill together同義，指交叉的，好的與壞的并存。答案為B。(2)作者常會用be, mean,

4、 refer to, in other words, that is (to say)等指示性詞或詞組來進(jìn)一步解釋說明某一詞或短語。即生詞和這些指示詞后面部分的含義一樣。 【例句】Mary felt perturbed,_that is, she was greatly disturbed by her sister's action. 【分析】你可能對句子中的perturbed不熟悉，但后面that is所引導(dǎo)的句子是對它的解釋，從而可以猜出，它和disturbed的詞義相近。(3)有時候標(biāo)點符號，如破折號、冒號或括號均可以表示同義關(guān)系或解釋?！纠洹縏here are two ty

5、pes of fat, external_fat(fat under skin)and internal_fat (fat inside the body wall) 【分析】通過括號內(nèi)注釋性文字，我們可知external fat 指的是“皮下脂肪”，而與之相對應(yīng)的是“體內(nèi)脂肪”。 【例句】Genetic learning is learning by a species animals of the same kind as a whole 【分析】句中的破折號就是對畫線部分的最好的注釋，因此species指 “物種”。 (4)有時作者也常用such as, like, for exampl

6、e, for instance等進(jìn)一步解釋說明前面某一詞句或某一現(xiàn)象。通過所舉的例子，便可理解生詞的含義。2. 利用上下文的“對比、轉(zhuǎn)折”關(guān)系來猜測詞義 通過意思相反或?qū)?yīng)的兩個句子或兩部分來判斷其中某一部分的意思。這時只要知道其中一部分的含義，則另一部分也就一目了然了。兩部分之間常用while, but, however, on the contrary, on the other hand等來表示轉(zhuǎn)折，根據(jù)這樣的標(biāo)志詞可以準(zhǔn)確解釋詞義。【例題】Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19­

7、year­old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked_on_teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in the passage probably mean “_” A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching C. satisf

8、ied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching【解析】 A根據(jù)“while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.”可知他原來的專業(yè)是藥學(xué)，在South Dakota做科學(xué)教師時被吸引到教育行業(yè)。3根據(jù)上下文的因果關(guān)系理解詞義 有什么樣的原因就會產(chǎn)生什么樣的結(jié)果。因果關(guān)系是文章中一種很普通的語言表達(dá)關(guān)系。在這種關(guān)系中如果知道了原因，結(jié)果也就不難知道了；反之，如果知道了結(jié)果，原因也就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)。 【例題】Wh

9、en Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standard­based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers.The underlined word “daunti

10、ng” in the passage most probably means “_”. A. discouraging B. interesting C. creative D. unbearable 【解析】 A根據(jù)文章中“creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standard­based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teac

11、hers.”可知這個任務(wù)是令人氣餒的，沒有錢買樂器，而且音樂課也不受重視。4通過上下文提供的信息來推測詞義 【例題】Karen, grown up in a very traditional family in the western United States, maintained high moral(道德的) standards throughout her youth. In 1984, at the age of 23, she married Bill. They were_blessed_with two children, a boy and a girl.The under

12、lined part in the passage most probably means “_” A. were lucky in having B. were asked to adopt C. regretted having D. gave birth to【解析】 A從最后一句可知他們生了兩個孩子，這應(yīng)是非常幸運的。 be blessed with 的意思是幸運地?fù)碛校浴皐ere lucky in having”最貼切。【例題】Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposabl

13、e plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead. The underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means “_” A. acceptable B. valuable C. throw­away D. long­lasting5. 運用“生活經(jīng)驗常識”猜測詞義【解析】 C根據(jù)“They said paper sacks and clot

14、h carrier bags would be offered instead.”可判斷出塑料袋將被禁止提供，取而代之的是紙袋和布袋，因為塑料袋是用完即被丟棄，紙袋和布袋可以重復(fù)使用，可以推斷出disposable的意思是“可丟棄的”。 【答案及解析】46. B這道題考查學(xué)生查閱詞義的能力。第二段“to keep asking someone for information”跟問句中“pump me about the case”，意思相符。 47. C從pump sth. out的第二種解釋：to produce words or loudsame old propaganda.可知?；蛘哌\用“生活經(jīng)驗常識”，當(dāng)我們觀看喜歡的電視劇時，出現(xiàn)一次又一次的廣告，我們的情緒是會很厭煩的。48. A在文中找到pump priming釋義并結(jié)合例句“The government is awarding small, pump­priming grants to sin