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1、A COURSE OF CHINESE-ENGLISH A COURSE OF CHINESE-ENGLISH A COURSE OF CHINESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATIONTRANSLATIONTRANSLATIONQQ Group: 182817412 詞語(yǔ)翻譯技巧初探o 移植法o 增詞法o 減詞法o 換譯法o 反義法o 分譯法o 釋義法o 虛實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換移植法直接法直接法卡拉卡拉OkKTVBP機(jī)機(jī)CD機(jī)機(jī)X光光XP系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)MP3Word文件文件做做PPTNBATKO音譯法音譯法Lu XunBa JinBeijingJINHUAmahjongjiaozikowtowkungfuY

2、inYang英譯漢 漢譯英漢英音譯法o 一般的人名、地名:毛澤東、沈陽(yáng)o 帶有外號(hào)的人名:黑旋風(fēng)李逵 (Li Kui the Black Whirlwind)o 含有普通名詞的地名:泰山(Mount Tai)o 商標(biāo):聯(lián)想(Lenovo)、淘寶(Taobao)o 約定俗成:香港、清華(Tsinghua)、孔子(Confucius)、孫中山(Sun Yat-sen)o 其它:衙門(mén)(yamen)、四合院(siheyuan)o 音譯意譯合用:武術(shù)(martial arts)、太極詞語(yǔ)翻譯技巧初探o 移植法o 增詞法o 減詞法o 換譯法o 反義法o 分譯法o 釋義法o 虛實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換增詞法o語(yǔ)法性o語(yǔ)義性o

3、連貫性o表達(dá)性語(yǔ)法性增詞法o28. 現(xiàn)在一定是天亮了,因?yàn)轼B(niǎo)兒在歌唱?,F(xiàn)在一定是天亮了,因?yàn)轼B(niǎo)兒在歌唱。oIt must be morning now, because the birds are singing.o29. 她懶洋洋地站起來(lái),估量丈夫不會(huì)再回來(lái)了。她懶洋洋地站起來(lái),估量丈夫不會(huì)再回來(lái)了。oLazily she rose. Her husband probably would not come home, she supposed.o30. 接到信時(shí)我高興得跳了起來(lái)。接到信時(shí)我高興得跳了起來(lái)。oI jumped with joy when I received the lette

4、r.o31. 你去了也不會(huì)有什么結(jié)果。你去了也不會(huì)有什么結(jié)果。oEven if you go there, there wont be any result.o32. 畢竟,還有什么比快樂(lè)更令人羨慕呢?畢竟,還有什么比快樂(lè)更令人羨慕呢?oAfter all, what is more enviable than happiness?語(yǔ)義性增詞法o33. 老老少少會(huì)定期聚在一起操練。老老少少會(huì)定期聚在一起操練。oEnglish learners, old and young gather at regular time to practise their spoken English.o34.

5、代表們的水平保證了代表大會(huì)的開(kāi)好。代表們的水平保證了代表大會(huì)的開(kāi)好。oThe political consiousness of the delegates will guarantee the success of the congress.o35. 看糧食,要看中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè);看農(nóng)業(yè),首先要看市場(chǎng)。今日中國(guó)看糧食,要看中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè);看農(nóng)業(yè),首先要看市場(chǎng)。今日中國(guó)oTo understood food, we must look at Chinas agriculture, and to know the agriculture we must first look at the market.o

6、36. 誰(shuí)都知道朝鮮戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)是艱苦的。誰(shuí)都知道朝鮮戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)是艱苦的。oIt is well-known that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard.連貫性增詞法退休煤礦工人張師傅今年年初買(mǎi)了四只小雞。有一天發(fā)現(xiàn)丟了一只,氣得一個(gè)勁地埋怨老伴。傍晚,有一只小雞突然從門(mén)外進(jìn)來(lái),隨后鄰居王某跟進(jìn)院來(lái),抓起小雞就走。張老太哪里肯放。雙方爭(zhēng)吵起來(lái)。原來(lái)王某年初也買(mǎi)了兩只小雞最近丟了一只。這時(shí),另一個(gè)姓李的鄰居過(guò)來(lái)了解情況。他將有爭(zhēng)議的小雞從兩家中間撒出去。那只雞不去王家,直向張家的雞群跑去。王某無(wú)話(huà)可說(shuō),當(dāng)場(chǎng)認(rèn)錯(cuò),一場(chǎng)小雞風(fēng)波平息了。連貫性增詞法1)

7、Mr. Zhang, a retired miner bought four chicks early this year. 2) One day he found one of them missing. He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time. 3) Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang who ran to catch it. 4) Naturally Zhangs wife wouldnt

8、 let him go with the chick. 5) And so a quarrel ensued. 6) It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang did. 7) Then another neighbor Lee came to the yard to see what was happening. 8) He put the chick somewhere between their h

9、omes and let it off. 9) The chick went straight to join Zhangs flock. 10) Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize. Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.連貫性增詞法1) Mr. Zhang, a retired miner bought four chicks early this year. 2) One day he found one of them missing. He got so angry that

10、 he kept blaming his wife for it all the time. 3) Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang who ran to catch it. 4) Naturally Zhangs wife wouldnt let him go with the chick. 5) And so a quarrel ensued. 6) It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recen

11、tly which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang did. 7) Then another neighbor Lee came to the yard to see what was happening. 8) He put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off. 9) The chick went straight to join Zhangs flock. 10) Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apol

12、ogize. Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.連貫性增詞法1) Mr. Zhang, a retired miner bought four chicks early this year. 2) One day he found one of them missing. He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time. 3) Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang w

13、ho ran to catch it. 4) Naturally Zhangs wife wouldnt let him go with the chick. 5) And so a quarrel ensued. 6) It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang did. 7) Their quarrel drew another neighbor Lee to the yard to see what

14、 was happening. 8) Having heard the story he put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off. 9) The chick went straight to join Zhangs flock. 10) Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize. Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.表達(dá)性增詞法o 37. 中國(guó)的影響,中國(guó)的成就,在世界上到處可見(jiàn)。中國(guó)的影響,中國(guó)的成就,在世界上

15、到處可見(jiàn)。o The signs (evidences) of Chinas influence and success abound in the world.o 38. 最近幾年,考托福的人大大減少了。最近幾年,考托福的人大大減少了。o In recent years, the number of people who take the TOEFL test has decreased.o 39. 要提倡顧全大局。要提倡顧全大局。o We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.

16、o 40. 我隨時(shí)可以在家里接待客人了。我隨時(shí)可以在家里接待客人了。o Im now ready to meet my guests at my home.詞語(yǔ)翻譯技巧初探o 移植法o 增詞法o 減詞法o 換譯法o 反義法o 分譯法o 釋義法o 虛實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換減詞法o 語(yǔ)法性減詞o 語(yǔ)義性減詞:減詞法不能減掉原文的內(nèi)容,所減之詞,其內(nèi)涵雖然在譯文字面上沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出來(lái),卻隱藏在譯文中。語(yǔ)義性減詞法o 41. 我們應(yīng)該推動(dòng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)、加工和銷(xiāo)售的我們應(yīng)該推動(dòng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)、加工和銷(xiāo)售的有機(jī)結(jié)合。有機(jī)結(jié)合。o We should integrate the production, processing and

17、marketing of agricultural products.o 42. 只有雨還在刷刷、刷刷地下著。只有雨還在刷刷、刷刷地下著。o Only the rain continued to pour.o 43. 那我們來(lái)談?wù)勎乃噯?wèn)題。那我們來(lái)談?wù)勎乃噯?wèn)題。o Shall we talk about literature and arts?語(yǔ)義性減詞法o 44. 我們黨結(jié)束了那個(gè)時(shí)期的社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩和紛我們黨結(jié)束了那個(gè)時(shí)期的社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩和紛擾不安的局面。擾不安的局面。o Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and upheaval of tha

18、t time.o 45. 他的家里很窮,但是他從小就認(rèn)真讀書(shū)、他的家里很窮,但是他從小就認(rèn)真讀書(shū)、刻苦學(xué)習(xí)??炭鄬W(xué)習(xí)。o His family was very poor, but he worked hard at his studies even in early childhood.案例分析1我的英語(yǔ)水平提高了。譯文1:The level of my English has improved.譯文2:My English has improved.大樓的質(zhì)量不好。譯文1:The quality of the building is poor.譯文2:The building is not

19、 well built.案例分析1有時(shí)英語(yǔ)中一些詞的本身,或上下文中已包括漢語(yǔ)中許多字的意思,因此翻譯中不要把漢語(yǔ)中每個(gè)詞譯出。詞內(nèi)信息重復(fù)的語(yǔ)義性減詞o 46. 由于各種各樣的原因,他們常常感到心情由于各種各樣的原因,他們常常感到心情壓抑,事業(yè)受挫。壓抑,事業(yè)受挫。o They often feel depressed and frustrated for a variety of reasons.o 47. 這份雜志內(nèi)容有趣,文字淺顯,立即暢銷(xiāo)這份雜志內(nèi)容有趣,文字淺顯,立即暢銷(xiāo)全國(guó)。全國(guó)。o The magazine has gained immediate nationwide pop

20、ularity at once as it is interesting and easy.詞內(nèi)信息重復(fù)的語(yǔ)義性減詞o 48. 他家里很窮,沒(méi)有什么衣服可穿,也沒(méi)他家里很窮,沒(méi)有什么衣服可穿,也沒(méi)有什么東西可吃。有什么東西可吃。o His family was so poor that they did not have enough food and clothing.o 49. 醫(yī)生給了她一些治療感冒的藥。醫(yī)生給了她一些治療感冒的藥。o T h e d o c t o r g a v e h e r s o m e medicine for her cold.一、表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的漢語(yǔ)概念失

21、業(yè)現(xiàn)象失業(yè)現(xiàn)象unimployment住房問(wèn)題住房問(wèn)題housing緊急狀況緊急狀況emergency解決方法解決方法solution緊張局勢(shì)緊張局勢(shì)tension穩(wěn)定局面穩(wěn)定局面stability貧富差距貧富差距gap支持力度支持力度support試譯o 50. 各學(xué)校正采取步驟糾正教學(xué)和科研不平各學(xué)校正采取步驟糾正教學(xué)和科研不平衡的狀況。衡的狀況。o 51. 在表面平靜的生活下面一直有一種不滿(mǎn)在表面平靜的生活下面一直有一種不滿(mǎn)和不安的情緒。和不安的情緒。o 52. 他在日記中記下了這位詩(shī)人對(duì)中國(guó)未來(lái)他在日記中記下了這位詩(shī)人對(duì)中國(guó)未來(lái)的悲觀看法。的悲觀看法。o 53. 這個(gè)會(huì)議的召開(kāi)表明十年

22、社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩局面這個(gè)會(huì)議的召開(kāi)表明十年社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩局面的結(jié)束。的結(jié)束。o 54. 在工作中,大家都必須杜絕浪費(fèi)和低效在工作中,大家都必須杜絕浪費(fèi)和低效率的現(xiàn)象。率的現(xiàn)象。參考答案o 50. Colleges and universities are taking measures to redress the imbalance between teaching and research.o 51. There always was dissatisfied restlessness under the placid surface of life.o 52. He noted in his diar

23、y the poets pessimism regarding the future of China.o 53. The meeting signified an end to the social unrest, which lasted for ten years.o 54. It is necessary to put an end to waste and inefficiency in our work.二、修飾詞加動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)順利進(jìn)行順利進(jìn)行勝利完成勝利完成熱烈歡迎堅(jiān)決支持努力做到認(rèn)真執(zhí)行廣泛開(kāi)展積極推行嚴(yán)重破壞大大促進(jìn)試譯o 55. 我們要進(jìn)一步簡(jiǎn)化手續(xù),及時(shí)地、積我們要進(jìn)一步簡(jiǎn)化

24、手續(xù),及時(shí)地、積極地吸收外資。極地吸收外資。o 56. 大氣污染嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了人的健康,大大大氣污染嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了人的健康,大大縮短人的壽命??s短人的壽命。o 57. 幾百萬(wàn)的私人小企業(yè)大大地推動(dòng)了國(guó)幾百萬(wàn)的私人小企業(yè)大大地推動(dòng)了國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)。家的經(jīng)濟(jì)。o 58. 要認(rèn)真做好思想教育工作。要認(rèn)真做好思想教育工作。參考答案o 55. We must simplify procedures and take prompt action to suck in capital.o 56. Air pollution criples and shortens the lives of human beings.o

25、 57. Millions of small private enterprises have fuelled the nations economy.o 5 8 . S t r e s s m u s t b e l a i d o n ideological education.案例分析2他們八面玲瓏,到處有緣。譯文:They are well liked everywhere.海峽兩岸的中國(guó)人都是骨肉同胞,手足兄弟。譯文:The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same blood.案例分析2中文的行文沒(méi)有英語(yǔ)

26、那么嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?;蛐揶o原因,或文風(fēng)原因,文章中往往有不少重復(fù)的信息,在翻譯時(shí)要分析,把多余、重復(fù)的信息去掉。句內(nèi)信息重復(fù)的語(yǔ)義性減詞o 59. 他雖然帶著五七分酒意,卻裝作十分醉他雖然帶著五七分酒意,卻裝作十分醉的,前顛后仰,東倒西歪。的,前顛后仰,東倒西歪。水滸水滸o 60. 要堅(jiān)定信心,勇于探索,大膽實(shí)踐。要堅(jiān)定信心,勇于探索,大膽實(shí)踐。o 61. 家庭中最有損個(gè)人健康的因素為夫妻間家庭中最有損個(gè)人健康的因素為夫妻間的無(wú)休止的日夜?fàn)幊澈筒乱?。的無(wú)休止的日夜?fàn)幊澈筒乱?。參考答案o 59. He was not really drunk, but pretended he was intoxicat

27、ed and staggered along.o 6 0 . W e s h o u l d b e f i r m i n determination and bold in exploration and practice.o 61. Among other things in a family which affect a persons health is the endless quarrels and suspicions between husband and wife.詞語(yǔ)翻譯技巧初探o 移植法o 增詞法o 減詞法o 換譯法o 反義法o 分譯法o 釋義法o 虛實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換換譯法o 漢

28、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯o 漢語(yǔ)名詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)名詞的換譯o 漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯(1)o 交易增加,要求流通的貨幣量也增加。o The fact that business increases requires that the amount of money which is generally circulated be also increased.o An increase in business requires an increase in the amount of money coming into general circulation

29、.漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯(1)當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)句子中的動(dòng)詞連續(xù)出現(xiàn)時(shí),將其中的某個(gè)或某些動(dòng)詞換譯為英語(yǔ)名詞,可以使翻譯后的英文句子地道自然。漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯(1)o 62. 絕不允許違反這個(gè)原則。絕不允許違反這個(gè)原則。o No violation of this principle can be tolerated.o 63. 計(jì)算機(jī)出現(xiàn)后,這種論調(diào)才流行。計(jì)算機(jī)出現(xiàn)后,這種論調(diào)才流行。o This argument was not prevalent until the advent of computers.o 64. 她負(fù)責(zé)翻譯這個(gè)章節(jié)。她負(fù)責(zé)翻譯這個(gè)章節(jié)。o She is responsibl e fo

30、r t he translation of this chapter.漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯(2)害怕害怕fearbe afraid of忘記忘記forgetbe forgetful of擔(dān)憂(yōu)擔(dān)憂(yōu)worrybe worried about忽略忽略ignorebe ignorant of關(guān)心關(guān)心concernbe concerned about懷疑懷疑doubtbe doubtful of漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯(2)漢語(yǔ)喜歡從動(dòng)態(tài)角度反映某些靜態(tài)現(xiàn)實(shí),而英文則反之。在翻譯漢語(yǔ)句子時(shí),常將漢語(yǔ)的表動(dòng)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞換譯為英文的表靜態(tài)的形容詞,使譯文符合英文習(xí)慣。漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯(2)o 65. 我們切不可滿(mǎn)足于僅僅有的一點(diǎn)

31、點(diǎn)書(shū)本知識(shí)。我們切不可滿(mǎn)足于僅僅有的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)書(shū)本知識(shí)。o We should never be content with a little book knowledge only.o 66. 他熱愛(ài)科學(xué)研究,但對(duì)提升職稱(chēng)不感興趣。他熱愛(ài)科學(xué)研究,但對(duì)提升職稱(chēng)不感興趣。o He is keen on scientific research but indifferent to promotion.o 67. 他一點(diǎn)都不清楚自己想過(guò)什么樣的生活。他一點(diǎn)都不清楚自己想過(guò)什么樣的生活。o He isnt at all clear about what he wants to do with his li

32、fe.漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯(2)這類(lèi)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的常用動(dòng)詞還有:這類(lèi)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的常用動(dòng)詞還有:be grateful to, be good at, be aware of, be content with, be unequal to, be familiar with, be certain, be careful, be free from, be worthy of, be superior to, be inferior to等。等。漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯(3)英語(yǔ)介詞具有豐富的詞匯意義,由于英語(yǔ)介詞具有豐富的詞匯意義,由于搭配不同,意義不同,可以表達(dá)漢語(yǔ)搭配不同,意義不同,可以表達(dá)漢語(yǔ)中常用動(dòng)詞的意義

33、。重形合的英語(yǔ)用中常用動(dòng)詞的意義。重形合的英語(yǔ)用介詞比重意合的漢語(yǔ)多,而且有些英介詞比重意合的漢語(yǔ)多,而且有些英語(yǔ)介詞是由動(dòng)詞演變而來(lái),具有動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)介詞是由動(dòng)詞演變而來(lái),具有動(dòng)詞特征。所以有些漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用特征。所以有些漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)介詞介詞或或介詞詞組介詞詞組來(lái)譯。來(lái)譯。漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯(3)o 68. 他到商店去買(mǎi)醬油。他到商店去買(mǎi)醬油。o He went to the shop for a bottle of sauce.o 69. 我們不應(yīng)該只追求名譽(yù)地位。我們不應(yīng)該只追求名譽(yù)地位。o We should not be after only fame and position.o

34、70. 我謹(jǐn)代表全公司,感謝你所做的所有工作。我謹(jǐn)代表全公司,感謝你所做的所有工作。o On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯(4)英語(yǔ)中表示狀態(tài)、方位和方向等意義英語(yǔ)中表示狀態(tài)、方位和方向等意義的副詞往往具有動(dòng)態(tài)的意義。漢語(yǔ)口的副詞往往具有動(dòng)態(tài)的意義。漢語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞常常轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞常常轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)的副詞副詞,這類(lèi)副詞常見(jiàn)的有這類(lèi)副詞常見(jiàn)的有in,on,out,over等。等。漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯(4)o 71. 收音機(jī)開(kāi)著呢。收音機(jī)開(kāi)著呢。o The radi

35、o is on.o 72. 他們的試驗(yàn)已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。他們的試驗(yàn)已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。o Their experiment has been over.o 73. 今天晚上演什么?今天晚上演什么?o What is on tonight?o 74. 她坐在那里沉默了一會(huì)兒,然后哭了起來(lái)。她坐在那里沉默了一會(huì)兒,然后哭了起來(lái)。o She sat silently for a while, then started weeping.換譯法o 漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯o 漢語(yǔ)名詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)名詞的換譯o 漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)名詞的換譯(1)o 75 雄偉的人民大會(huì)堂給我們留下了深刻的

36、雄偉的人民大會(huì)堂給我們留下了深刻的印象。印象。o The magnificent Great Hall of the People impressed us greatly.o 76. 他的畫(huà)的特點(diǎn)是筆力沉著、色彩鮮明。他的畫(huà)的特點(diǎn)是筆力沉著、色彩鮮明。o His paintings are characterized by steady strokes and bright colors.漢語(yǔ)名詞的換譯(1)英語(yǔ)中有一部分動(dòng)詞是從名詞派生出英語(yǔ)中有一部分動(dòng)詞是從名詞派生出來(lái)的,有的英語(yǔ)名詞同時(shí)也可兼做動(dòng)來(lái)的,有的英語(yǔ)名詞同時(shí)也可兼做動(dòng)詞用。漢語(yǔ)中有些名詞,尤其是抽象詞用。漢語(yǔ)中有些名詞,尤其

37、是抽象名詞,做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),如果名詞,做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),如果也譯為名詞,句子就不地道,不符合也譯為名詞,句子就不地道,不符合英文的習(xí)慣,可酌情譯為英文的習(xí)慣,可酌情譯為動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞。試譯o 77. 社會(huì)主義的革命目的是解放生產(chǎn)力。社會(huì)主義的革命目的是解放生產(chǎn)力。o Socialist revolution aims at liberating the productive forces.o 78. 無(wú)知與疏忽是這錯(cuò)誤的原因。無(wú)知與疏忽是這錯(cuò)誤的原因。o Ignorance and negligence has caused this mistake.o 79. 橄欖枝是和平的象征。橄欖枝

38、是和平的象征。o Olive branch symbolizes peace.漢語(yǔ)名詞的換譯(1)這類(lèi)詞性換譯的漢語(yǔ)名詞還有:區(qū)別這類(lèi)詞性換譯的漢語(yǔ)名詞還有:區(qū)別(differ)、化身()、化身(personify)、)、象 征 (象 征 ( s y m b o l i z e ) 、 定 義) 、 定 義(define)、設(shè)計(jì)()、設(shè)計(jì)(design)、形)、形狀(狀(shape)、重量()、重量(weigh)、意)、意思(思(mean)等等。)等等。漢語(yǔ)名詞的換譯(2)o 80. 他們將為盲人和聾人建所學(xué)校。他們將為盲人和聾人建所學(xué)校。o They will build a school

39、for the blind and the deaf.o 81. 全體傷員送進(jìn)醫(yī)院去了。全體傷員送進(jìn)醫(yī)院去了。o All the wound were sent into the hospital.漢語(yǔ)名詞的換譯(2)英語(yǔ)的有些英語(yǔ)的有些形容詞加上定冠詞形容詞加上定冠詞the就可就可以變成名詞,表示一類(lèi)人,因此,在以變成名詞,表示一類(lèi)人,因此,在翻譯漢語(yǔ)名詞時(shí),有時(shí)可以采取英語(yǔ)翻譯漢語(yǔ)名詞時(shí),有時(shí)可以采取英語(yǔ)的這種表達(dá)方法,以符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)的這種表達(dá)方法,以符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。有時(shí)也可換譯成習(xí)慣。有時(shí)也可換譯成副詞副詞。試譯o 82. 我們應(yīng)該尊老愛(ài)幼。我們應(yīng)該尊老愛(ài)幼。o We should

40、 respect the old and love the young.o 83. 在資本主義制度下,富人越富,窮人越窮。在資本主義制度下,富人越富,窮人越窮。o Under the capitalist system, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.o 84. 學(xué)生們應(yīng)該德智體全面發(fā)展。學(xué)生們應(yīng)該德智體全面發(fā)展。o All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.o 85. 樓下有人在哭。樓下有人在哭。o There is a man cry

41、ing downstairs.換譯法o 漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的換譯o 漢語(yǔ)名詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)名詞的換譯o 漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯(1)o 86. 溫暖的屋子使他感到昏昏欲睡。溫暖的屋子使他感到昏昏欲睡。o The warmth of the room made him sleepy.o 87. 空氣使人感到分外涼爽、舒暢??諝馐谷烁械椒滞鉀鏊?、舒暢。o The air gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort.漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯(1)在英語(yǔ)中,有一些名詞是從形容詞派在英語(yǔ)中,

42、有一些名詞是從形容詞派生出來(lái)的,具有形容詞的一些特性。生出來(lái)的,具有形容詞的一些特性。在漢語(yǔ)句子中做定語(yǔ)的形容詞,可譯在漢語(yǔ)句子中做定語(yǔ)的形容詞,可譯為英語(yǔ)中的為英語(yǔ)中的名詞名詞。漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯(1)o 88. 他光榮地出席了人民代表大會(huì)。他光榮地出席了人民代表大會(huì)。o He has the honor to attend the Peoples Congress.o 89. 他好意地給我指路。他好意地給我指路。o He had the kindness to show me the way.漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯(1)漢語(yǔ)的副詞一般在漢語(yǔ)中作狀語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)漢語(yǔ)的副詞一般在漢語(yǔ)中作狀語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

43、,在譯成英文時(shí),有時(shí)可以換譯為語(yǔ),在譯成英文時(shí),有時(shí)可以換譯為英文的英文的名詞名詞。漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯(2)o 90. 他不參加比賽,我十分失望。他不參加比賽,我十分失望。o To my disappointment, he did not attend the competition.o 91. 我們看到了一片欣欣向榮的景象。我們看到了一片欣欣向榮的景象。o We saw a picture of prosperity.o 92. 父親不贊成地看著他。父親不贊成地看著他。o Father looked at him in disapproval.o 93. 我們決不退讓。我們決不退讓。o

44、 Under no circumstances will we give in.漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯(2)英語(yǔ)中介詞是非常靈活的詞,在句子英語(yǔ)中介詞是非常靈活的詞,在句子中表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)練、精確。因此,漢語(yǔ)句子中表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)練、精確。因此,漢語(yǔ)句子中的形容詞或副詞常常在英語(yǔ)中用中的形容詞或副詞常常在英語(yǔ)中用介介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)表示。表示。漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯(3)o 94. 我們政府十分關(guān)懷海外華僑。我們政府十分關(guān)懷海外華僑。o Our government shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad.o 95. 我想男孩子的思維方式

45、與女孩子是不一樣的。我想男孩子的思維方式與女孩子是不一樣的。o I suppose boys think differently from girls.o 96. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用現(xiàn)有的自然資源。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用現(xiàn)有的自然資源。o We should make full use of the natural resources available.o 97. 她慢條斯理地點(diǎn)了一下頭,表示同意。她慢條斯理地點(diǎn)了一下頭,表示同意。o She agreed with a slow nod.漢語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞的換譯(3)漢語(yǔ)形容詞換譯成英語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)形容詞換譯成英語(yǔ)副詞副詞或漢語(yǔ)副或漢語(yǔ)副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為英語(yǔ)詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為

46、英語(yǔ)形容詞形容詞,雖然這種情況,雖然這種情況比較少,但是在一定場(chǎng)合下,這種換比較少,但是在一定場(chǎng)合下,這種換譯能使譯文更地道。譯能使譯文更地道。詞語(yǔ)翻譯技巧初探o 移植法o 增詞法o 減詞法o 換譯法o 反義法o 分譯法o 釋義法o 虛實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換反譯法不不無(wú)無(wú)非非莫莫勿勿未未否否別別沒(méi)有沒(méi)有nodis-,in-faildenymisslackignorebutexcept案例分析o 我們馬上就要到了。o Well be there in no time.o 油漆未干。o Wet paint.o 昨晚我沒(méi)出去。o I stayed at home last night.o 我決不會(huì)辜負(fù)父母的期望。o

47、 I will live up to my parents expectation.反譯法由于英漢語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)否定意義上形式由于英漢語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)否定意義上形式差異較大,有必要采用反譯法,其目差異較大,有必要采用反譯法,其目的是使譯文的表述更符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言讀的是使譯文的表述更符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言讀者的思維習(xí)慣。者的思維習(xí)慣。案例分析1o 98. 我們我們剛到家就剛到家就開(kāi)始下雨了。開(kāi)始下雨了。o We had no sooner got home than it began to rain.o 99. 他是他是非常勇敢非常勇敢的。的。o He is no coward.o 100. 他住在一座他住在一座危樓危

48、樓中。中。o He lived in an insecure building.反譯法 - 正話(huà)反說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)中由肯定形式表達(dá)的句子在英語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)中由肯定形式表達(dá)的句子在英語(yǔ)中找不到與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)形式,因中找不到與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)形式,因此,翻譯時(shí)要轉(zhuǎn)換成否定形式,才符此,翻譯時(shí)要轉(zhuǎn)換成否定形式,才符合英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣。合英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣。案例分析2o 101. 閱讀閱讀遠(yuǎn)非遠(yuǎn)非知識(shí)的唯一來(lái)源。知識(shí)的唯一來(lái)源。o Reading is far from the only source of knowledge.o 102. 我在任何場(chǎng)合都我在任何場(chǎng)合都不會(huì)不會(huì)感到拘束。感到拘束。o I am usually qui

49、te at ease in any occasion.o 103. 他承認(rèn)對(duì)中國(guó)的了解還他承認(rèn)對(duì)中國(guó)的了解還不夠不夠。o He admitted that there is a general lack of understanding of China.反譯法 - 反話(huà)正說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)中由否定形式表達(dá)的句子在英語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)中由否定形式表達(dá)的句子在英語(yǔ)中找不到與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)形式,因中找不到與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)形式,因此,翻譯時(shí)要轉(zhuǎn)換成肯定形式,才符此,翻譯時(shí)要轉(zhuǎn)換成肯定形式,才符合英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣。合英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣。選擇性反譯與強(qiáng)制性反譯o The world economy is in great recession

50、.o 嚴(yán)重蕭條(很不景氣)嚴(yán)重蕭條(很不景氣)o His strength left him suddenly.o 體力不濟(jì)(體力消失)體力不濟(jì)(體力消失)o 104. 他已入暮年,未免力不從心。他已入暮年,未免力不從心。o His age is working against him.詞語(yǔ)翻譯技巧初探o 移植法o 增詞法o 減詞法o 換譯法o 反義法o 分譯法o 釋義法o 虛實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換分譯法o It is an important catalyst to the cause of our liberation.o 這是我國(guó)解放事業(yè)的重要催化劑。這是我國(guó)解放事業(yè)的重要催化劑。o 這是促進(jìn)我國(guó)解放事

51、業(yè)的重要因素。這是促進(jìn)我國(guó)解放事業(yè)的重要因素。o 105. 前事不忘,后事之師也。前事不忘,后事之師也。o Do not forget previous experiences b u t t a k e t h e m a s l e s s o n s f o r generations.o 106. 它那得意的神態(tài),確實(shí)招人喜愛(ài)。它那得意的神態(tài),確實(shí)招人喜愛(ài)。o Its proud and self-satisfied manner was really enchanting.詞語(yǔ)翻譯技巧初探o 移植法o 增詞法o 減詞法o 換譯法o 反義法o 分譯法o 釋義法o 虛實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換釋義法o Ea

52、rly Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter.o 上臺(tái)時(shí)的里根有著執(zhí)政初期卡特的鏡子形象。上臺(tái)時(shí)的里根有著執(zhí)政初期卡特的鏡子形象。o 里根上臺(tái)時(shí)在做法上跟執(zhí)政初期的卡特毫無(wú)二致。里根上臺(tái)時(shí)在做法上跟執(zhí)政初期的卡特毫無(wú)二致。o This man is the black sheep of the family. o 這個(gè)人是家中的害群之馬。這個(gè)人是家中的害群之馬。o 107. 我們是一個(gè)蘿卜一個(gè)坑,騰不出人手來(lái)。我們是一個(gè)蘿卜一個(gè)坑,騰不出人手來(lái)。o Were so busy that no one can be spared for any oth

53、er work.釋義法釋義法,就是解釋詞語(yǔ)的意思,通常釋義法,就是解釋詞語(yǔ)的意思,通常應(yīng)用于英譯漢。當(dāng)原文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)在應(yīng)用于英譯漢。當(dāng)原文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)在譯入語(yǔ)中無(wú)法找到與之對(duì)應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ),譯入語(yǔ)中無(wú)法找到與之對(duì)應(yīng)的詞語(yǔ),可考慮放棄原文的表面形式,對(duì)該詞可考慮放棄原文的表面形式,對(duì)該詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)年U釋。語(yǔ)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)年U釋。詞語(yǔ)翻譯技巧初探o 移植法o 增詞法o 減詞法o 換譯法o 反義法o 分譯法o 釋義法o 虛實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換虛實(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換一、實(shí)述虛化一、實(shí)述虛化(一)對(duì)義聚合體詞語(yǔ)(一)對(duì)義聚合體詞語(yǔ)(二)形象詞語(yǔ)(二)形象詞語(yǔ)二、虛述實(shí)化二、虛述實(shí)化(一)普通詞語(yǔ)(一)普通詞語(yǔ)(二)溢美詞語(yǔ)(二)溢美詞語(yǔ)(三)模

54、糊詞語(yǔ)(三)模糊詞語(yǔ)(四)縮略詞語(yǔ)(四)縮略詞語(yǔ)實(shí)述虛化-對(duì)義聚合體詞語(yǔ)o父母、兄弟父母、兄弟o松竹梅、天地人松竹梅、天地人o王侯將相、男女老少、花鳥(niǎo)魚(yú)蟲(chóng)王侯將相、男女老少、花鳥(niǎo)魚(yú)蟲(chóng)o金木水火土、工農(nóng)商學(xué)兵金木水火土、工農(nóng)商學(xué)兵o茶米油鹽醬醋茶、赤橙黃綠青藍(lán)紫茶米油鹽醬醋茶、赤橙黃綠青藍(lán)紫實(shí)述虛化-對(duì)義聚合體詞語(yǔ)o 兄弟姐妹兄弟姐妹 relativeso 綾羅綢緞綾羅綢緞 fine clotheso 吃喝玩樂(lè)吃喝玩樂(lè) enjoy ones lifeo 108. 只要你嫁給我,雞鴨魚(yú)肉,綾羅綢只要你嫁給我,雞鴨魚(yú)肉,綾羅綢緞,一輩子享用不盡。緞,一輩子享用不盡。o If you are willing to marry me, you will

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