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1、小學(xué)英語語法及習(xí)題一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 1一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4
2、以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, child-children, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ,foot-feet, tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japane
3、se 寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) I _him _this _her _sand_watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ man_sheep _box_ thief _ peach_ wich _ woman_ paper_
4、160; juice_ water_milk_ rice_ tea_ strawberry _二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹 1、表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is blue. 天空是藍(lán)色的。2、表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:I get up at six every day. 我每天六點(diǎn)起床。 3、表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如:The
5、earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 (二)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成 1、 be動(dòng)詞:主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。 2、行為動(dòng)詞:主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如:We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。 當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s&qu
6、ot;或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。 (三)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化 1、 be動(dòng)詞的變化。 否定句:主語+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑問句:Be +主語+其它。如:-Are you a st
7、udent? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:Where is my bike? 2、行為動(dòng)詞的變化。 否定句:主語+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread. 當(dāng)主語為
8、第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如:He doesn't often play. 一般疑問句:Do( Does ) +主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如: Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
9、;當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如:Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 4 、特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:How does your father go to work?
10、0; 5、動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則(1)一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks (2)以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes (3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies (四)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練: 1、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _
11、 go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ dr
12、ink_start_ 2、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to
13、60;the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl
14、_(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They
15、 _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She
16、 _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have)&
17、#160;eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday. 3、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方,將正確的寫在橫線上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _
18、2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teach us&
19、#160;English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) (一)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法介紹 1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯
20、定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing. 如: I am watching TV. 3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。如: I am not watching TV. 4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。如: Are you watching TV ? 5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞 + be + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞ing? W
21、hat are you doing? 但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞 + be + 動(dòng)詞ing? 如: Who is singing there? (二)動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則 1一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:停止
22、;stop-stopping 游泳swim swimming 坐下sit sitting 逐漸變成get getting 跑run running 放下Put- putting (三)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí): 1、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞: play_ run_ swim _make _go_ like_ write_ ski_ read_
23、 have_ sing _ dance _put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get _stop_ sit _ 2、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空: 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture
24、160;now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5.
25、 Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing?
26、She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、將來時(shí)一、概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow, next day(
27、week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu):be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形; will + 動(dòng)詞原形. 三、否定句:在be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成wont。 如:Im going to have a pi
28、cnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑問句: be或will提到句首,some改為any, and改為or,第一二人稱互換。如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are yo
29、u going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、同義句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習(xí):1、填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野
30、炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。 What _ _ _ _next Monday? I _ _ _ play
31、160; basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購物嗎?是,她要去買一些水果。 _ your mother _ _go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _
32、 _ buy some fruit.4. 你們打算什么時(shí)候見面。 What time _ you _ _ meet? 2、改句子 5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定) Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join&
33、#160;them.(改否定) I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑問句) _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus&
34、#160;stop at 10:30.(改一般疑問句) _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.(對(duì)劃線部分提問) _ _ she _ _ _ after school? 1
35、0. My father and mother are going to see a play tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow ?五、一般過去時(shí) 1一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。(yesterday
36、, last year/week.) 2Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化: am 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasnt) are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=werent) 帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。 3句中沒有be動(dòng)
37、詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子 否定句:didnt +動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑問句:在句首加did,句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? 疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí):疑問詞+動(dòng)詞過去式?如:Who we
38、nt to home yesterday? 動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則: 1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2結(jié)尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted 3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.
39、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-dr
40、ew,drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 練習(xí):寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make&
41、#160;_ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí) 1、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
42、1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.
43、 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.
44、;2、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to the zoo yesterday, we _
45、 to the park,too. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (
46、pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _(find) a bea
47、utiful butterfly. 3、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句:_ 一般疑問句:_ 肯、否定回答:_ _2. They played football in the
48、 playground. 否定句:_ 一般疑問句:_ 肯、否定回答:_ _六、人稱代詞及對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞性物主代詞。 人稱代詞: I我 we我們 you你 you你們 he他 she她 it它 they他們 物主代詞:my我的 our我們的 your你的 your你們的 his他的 her她的 i
49、ts它的 their他們的賓格:me我 us我們 you你 you你 him他 her她 it它 them他們 主格: I we you she he it they賓格: me us you her
50、0;him it them 形容詞性物主代詞: my our your her his its their 名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his i
51、ts theirs 1、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.That is not _ kite. (my) 2. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 3. _ is my brother. _ name is
52、0;Jack. Look! ( he ) 4. _ is my aunt. Do you know _job? _ is a nurse. ( she )5. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _parents. ( they
53、) 七、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí) 形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用:兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí),比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more, a little 來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er 如: tall-taller, strong-stronger, (2) 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母,再+er如: big-bigger, fat- fatter, (3) 把y變i,
54、再+er 如: heavy-heavier, early-earlier (4) 不規(guī)則變化:如: well-better, much/many-more, 1、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí) old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_nice_ good_ beautiful_low_ high_ slow_ fast_late_ early_ far_
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