被動語態(tài)的幾種特殊用法

1、被動語態(tài)的幾種特殊用法一、短語動詞（“動詞介詞 / 副詞”、“動詞副詞介詞”），如： look after, laugh at, operate on, bring out, give up, put off, do away with, make up for, look down upon 等作謂語，變被動語態(tài)時，要把它們看作一個整體，其中的介詞或副詞不能漏掉。例如：1. We look after the baby carefully. 我們小心地照看著嬰兒。The baby is looked after carefully.2. The doctor operated on him

2、at once. 醫(yī)生立刻給他動了手術(shù)。He was operated on at once.二、感官動詞（ see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等）和使役動詞（ let, make, have 等）用在主動句中，要求后面接不帶 to 的不定式作賓語補足語，但變被動語態(tài)時，要加上 to 。因為此時原賓語補足語就變成主語補足語了。例如：3. I saw the boy play in the street. 我看見那個男孩在街上玩。The boy was seen to play in the street.4. She made me stand for 45 min

3、utes. 她讓我站了 45 分鐘。I was made to stand for 45 minutes.三、帶雙賓語的句子變被動語態(tài)時，如果“直賓”作主語，通常要在“間賓”前加 to ，但當謂語動詞為 make, mend, buy, pay, get, sing, cook, fetch, spare, find 等時，要在“間賓”前加 for 。例如：5. They pass me a letter. 他們遞給我一封信。A letter is passed to me.6. The mother bought her daughter a gift. 那位母親給她女兒買了一件禮物。A g

4、ift was bought for her daughter.四、帶復合賓語（賓語賓語補足語）的句子，即賓語和賓語補足語都是名詞或代詞充當?shù)木渥樱儽粍诱Z態(tài)時，只能將賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，而賓補保留在謂語后面。例如：7. They call the girl Lucy. 他們叫那個女孩露茜。The girl is called Lucy.五、當 anybody, anything 等不定代詞作主動式否定句的賓語時，變被動語態(tài)時，應將其變?yōu)?nobody, nothing 作被動句的主語，而把被動句的謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ㄐ问?。例如?. He hasn't eaten anything

5、until this morning. 到今天早上為止他什么都沒吃。Nothing has been eaten until this morning.六、有些動詞和動詞短語是沒有被動形式的，也不可用其過去分詞作后置定語，如 arrive, die, become, disappear, happen, take place, break out, belong to 等。例如：9. The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 在 1861 年美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)了。10. The accident which took place last week surp

6、rised us.上星期發(fā)生的事件使我們很驚訝。七、當謂語動詞為 say, report, think, believe, expect, know, consider, suppose 等的句子變被動語態(tài)時，有兩種形式：A. 用 it 作形式主語，而真正的主語用從句的形式來表達，句型為： It is said / reported / supposed / believed that （據(jù)說 / 據(jù)報道 / 據(jù)推測 / 有人相信）。例如：11. People say that he is a doctor. It is said that he is a doctor. 據(jù)說他是個醫(yī)生。B.

7、 謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主語補足語。例如：12. People say that he is a doctor. He is said to be a doctor.八、主動形式表被動意義的幾種情況。A. 一些及物動詞，如 read, act, write, feel, sell, wear, wash, open, shout, clean, cook, keep, play, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, allow, run, record, begin 等，在主語是物的句子里時，常用主動形式表被動意義。例如：13. The story-boo

8、k sells well. 這本故事書很暢銷。14. This pen writes smoothly. 這支鋼筆很好用。15. The machine runs well. 機器運轉(zhuǎn)良好。B. 一些表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞或一些感官動詞，如 look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear 等充當系動詞時，用主動形式表被動意義。例如：16. The roses smell sweet. 玫瑰花聞起來很香。17. Good medicine tastes bitter. 良藥苦口。C. 動詞不定式前有形容詞 light, heavy, easy, difficult, expensive, fit, nice, interesting, dangerous, bitter 等，且與句子主語構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時，用主動形式表被動意義。例如：18. The old man is difficult to deal with.那個老人很難應付。19. The telephone number “ 119 ” is easy to remember.電話號碼 119 很好記。D. 在“ This / That is + 名詞”的句型中，修飾表語的不定式用主動形式表被動意義。例如：20. This is a hard questio