科技英語(yǔ)大試卷及答案

1、一、單選題（共15道試題，共15分。）V 1.When Bob and his friends came, we_our supper then. BA. hadB. were havingC. haveD. are having2.（ ） has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem CA. ThatB. WhatC. In spite of whatD. Though what3.I chose a sm

2、all room with the window _ the street. CA. facesB. facedC. facingD. to face4.The oil spillage in the Gulf was of such _ that its effects will last for decades. A. magnificenceB. maintenanceC. magnitudeD. manipulation C5.Joint ventures may （ ） labor contracts with the employees according to their nee

3、ds in production and management operations CA. signalB. writeC. signD. draw6.The islands population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual _ until only 40 people were left. CA. declinationB. inclineC. inclinationD. decline7. It provides a standard format for Web pages to create a link, prov

4、ide the refresh period for a page to change, _ audio files, and form pages into different frames. BA. inputB. embedC. outputD. inbed8.No plan for the future will be acceptable unless it _ poverty and unemployment. A. abolishes AB. abusesC. compelsD. commits9.Every country tries to maintain a(n) （ ）

5、balance of trade, which assures it of the means to buy necessary imports DA. organicB. marineC. compoundD. favorable10.The present wave of strikes _ from discontent among the lower-paid. A. stems AB. trapsC. raisesD. ranges滿分：1分11.The zero-tariff （零關(guān)稅）policy in helping the undeveloped countries of A

6、frica has brought _ benefit to the African people. BA. substantiateB. substantialC. substantD. subtitle滿分：1分12.The managing director took the （ ） for the accident, although it was not really his fault BA. guiltB. blameC. accusationD. charg13.There seems to be something wrong with the computer but we

7、 hope to _ it right before too long. BA. correct B. put C. sort D. cope14.Alice trusts you.Only you can （ ） her to give up the foolish idea DA. suggestB. attractC. temptD. persuade15.Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be （ ） of your parents help A. depended DB. dependingC. depen

8、dentD. independen二、閱讀理解（共1道試題，共10分。）V 1. A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 s

9、tudies of how we react to beautiful and not so beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pu

10、rsued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties(虔誠(chéng)) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They gi

11、ve each member of a group college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangersa piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person,

12、 some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture,

13、the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on

14、 the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there

15、 is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire(追求) to managerial positions do not g et on as well as women who may be less attractive. 1).According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager _. BA. a persons property or debts do

16、 not matter muchB. a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC. women should always dress fashionablyD. women should not only be attractive but also high minded滿分：2分2).The result of research carried out by social scientists show that _D_.A. people do not realize the importance of l

17、ooking ones bestB. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC. good looking women aspire to managerial positionsD. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not滿分：2分3).Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certai

18、n attributes _B_.A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin deepB. they do not usually act according to the views they supportC. they give ordinary looking persons the lowest ratingsD. they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments滿分：2分4).Good looks cut both ways for

19、 women(Line 1, Para.5) means that _C_.A. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB. good looking women always get the best of everythingC. being attractive is not always an advantage for womenD. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions滿

20、分：2分5). It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world _C_.A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usu

21、ally get along quite wellD. good looks are important for women as they are for men滿分：2分三、閱讀理解（共1道試題，共10分。）V 1. In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take

22、 the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requir

23、ements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotles theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, a

24、ir, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newtons theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely prop

25、ortional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy. Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of ex

26、periments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new the

27、ory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory. The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how

28、 the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they

29、regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a

30、 very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state. It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a num

31、ber of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends

32、on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us t

33、hat the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their

34、 orbits. Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large

35、-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other they cannot both be correct. One of the major

36、 endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.為了談?wù)撚钪娴谋举|(zhì)和討論這樣的問(wèn)題是否有開始或結(jié)束,你必須

37、清楚什么是科學(xué)理論。我應(yīng)當(dāng)采取簡(jiǎn)單的觀點(diǎn),理論只是一個(gè)宇宙的模型,或限制它的一部分,一組規(guī)則相關(guān)的數(shù)量模型中觀察我們。它只存在于我們的思想,沒(méi)有任何其他現(xiàn)實(shí)。一個(gè)理論是一個(gè)很好的理論如果它滿足兩個(gè)需求。它必須準(zhǔn)確地描述一個(gè)大班的觀察模型的基礎(chǔ)上,只包含一些任意的元素,它必須明確的預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)觀察的結(jié)果。例如,亞里士多德的理論,一切都是由四種元素,土、空氣、火和水,簡(jiǎn)單的資格,但這并沒(méi)有做出任何明確的預(yù)測(cè)。另一方面,牛頓的引力理論是基于一個(gè)更簡(jiǎn)單的模型,在彼此的身體吸引了力量,是與一個(gè)叫做它們的質(zhì)量和負(fù)量成正比與它們之間的距離的。然而,預(yù)測(cè)太陽(yáng)的運(yùn)動(dòng),月球和行星的高度的準(zhǔn)確性。任何物理理論總是暫時(shí)的

38、,在這個(gè)意義上,它僅僅是一個(gè)假設(shè):你永遠(yuǎn)不能證明這一點(diǎn)。無(wú)論多少次實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果同意一些理論,你永遠(yuǎn)不能保證下次不會(huì)反駁這個(gè)理論結(jié)果。另一方面,你甚至可以證明一個(gè)理論,找到一個(gè)觀察,不同意的預(yù)測(cè)理論。在實(shí)踐中,經(jīng)常發(fā)生的是,一個(gè)新的理論,設(shè)計(jì)了真的是前面理論的延伸?？茖W(xué)的最終目標(biāo)是提供一個(gè)單一的理論,描述了整個(gè)宇宙。然而,大多數(shù)科學(xué)家實(shí)際上遵循的方法是單獨(dú)的問(wèn)題分為兩部分。首先,有法律,告訴我們宇宙如何隨時(shí)間變化。如果我們知道宇宙是什么樣子的在任何一個(gè)時(shí)間,這些物理定律告訴我們?nèi)绾慰匆院蟆５诙?有宇宙的初始狀態(tài)的問(wèn)題。一些人認(rèn)為科學(xué)應(yīng)該只關(guān)心第一部分;他們認(rèn)為最初的問(wèn)題情況作為宗教的問(wèn)題。他們會(huì)說(shuō)

39、:上帝可以宇宙已經(jīng)開始了他想要的任何方式。也許是這樣,但在這種情況下,他還可以讓它完全任意的方式發(fā)展。然而看來(lái),他選擇讓它發(fā)展非常常規(guī)的方式按照一定的法律。因此似乎同樣合理的假設(shè)也有規(guī)律的初始狀態(tài)。事實(shí)證明很難設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)理論來(lái)描述宇宙所有。相反,我們把這個(gè)問(wèn)題分成碎片和發(fā)明的部分理論。每一個(gè)部分的理論描述和預(yù)測(cè)某些有限類的觀察,忽略了其他數(shù)量的影響,或代表1).According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for _D_.A. a model of the universeB. a restricted par

40、t of the universeC. a set of rulesD. a realit2).The difference between Aristotles theory and Newtons theory is _D_.A. Aristotles theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newtons cannot.B. Newtons theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotles cannot.C. Aristotles

41、 theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newtons cannot.D. Newtons theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotles cannot.3).The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is _A_.A. to break the p

42、roblem up into bits and invent a number of partial theoriesB. to invent one theory to describe the whole universeC. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanicsD. to study the origin of the universe4).It is described in Newtons theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other wit

43、h a force which is _B_.A. inversely proportional to their massB. inversely proportional to the square of the distance between themC. proportional to the square of the distance between themD. proportional to the constitution of them5).According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the

44、first half of the 20th century are _C_.A. Newtons theory of gravity and the general theory of relativityB. Newtons theory of gravity and quantum mechanicsC. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanicsD. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity四、完型填空（共1道試題，共10分。）V

45、 1. A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that (1)does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less (2) then, however, were the ne

46、w, positive (3) that work against the digital divide. (4) , there are reasons to be (5) . There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more (6) , it is in the interest of business to universalize accessafter all, the more people online, the

47、 more potential (7) there are. More and more (8) , afraid their countries will be left (9) , want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be (10) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will (11) rather than widen in the

48、years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for (12) world poverty that weve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to (13) poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has (14) potential. To (15) advantage

49、 of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices (16) respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an (17) of their sovereignty（主權(quán)）might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of

50、a society) in the United States. When the United States (18) its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is (19) Americas Second Wave infrastructure (20) roads, harbors, highways, ports and so onwere built with foreign investment. 1).A. divideB. informationC. worldD.

51、Lecture A2).A. unclearB. visibleC. invisibleD. Distinct B3).A. forceB. obstaclesC. eventsD. Surprises A4).A. SeriouslyB. EntirelyC. ActuallyD. Continuous C5).A. negativeB. optimisticC. pleasantD. Disappointe B6).A. developedB. centralizedC. realizedD. Commercialized D7).A. usersB. producersC. custom

52、ersD. Citizens C8).A. enterprisesB. governmentsC. officialsD. Customers B9).A. awayB. forC. aside D. Behind D10).A. nettedB. workedC. putD. Organized A11).A. decreaseB. narrowC. neglectD. Low B12).A. containingB. preventingC. keepingD. Combating D13).A. winB. beatC. defeatD. Fear C14).A. enormousB.

53、endlessC. numericalD. Numbered A15).A. bringB. keepC. holdD. Take D16).A. atB. withC. ofD. For B17).A. infectionB. investmentC. invasionD. Insult C18).A. inventedB. guidedC. builtD. Erected C19).A. whyB. whereC. whenD. How A20).A. concerningB. concludingC. accordingD. Including D五、主觀填空題（共4道試題，共8分。）V

54、 1.根據(jù)括弧中的提示寫出形式和拼寫正確的單詞To i (植入) living tissue means to put surgically into a bodily part to replace a damaged part or compensate for a defect. mplantation2.根據(jù)括弧中的提示寫出形式和拼寫正確的單詞I thought it would take about a year to settle in, but I was wrong; I felt perfectly at home within a f (兩星期). fortnight3.

55、根據(jù)括弧中的提示寫出形式和拼寫正確的單詞But party spokesman, and then the new government, said that for children aged under 11 support would c (終止)at the end of primary education, while for those already in secondary education, assistance would continue until the end of schooling. cease4. 根據(jù)括弧中的提示寫出形式和拼寫正確的單詞More aid should be given to the needy families in those i (窮困的) villages, instead of wasting