英語任務(wù)型閱讀理解新題型解析

1、英語任務(wù)型閱讀理解新題型解析浙江省溫州市第十四中學(xué) 沈永銘2005年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（浙江卷）第一卷第二部分首次出現(xiàn)任務(wù)型閱讀題型。其中是在省高考試卷中。這種試題的要求介于閱讀理解與寫作之間，能夠有效測試考生運用語言“做事”的能力。總體而言，試題仍將體現(xiàn)語言能力、智力能力和社會閱歷三方面的有機結(jié)合。筆者，特此結(jié)合高考英語備考的實際，撰文介紹該題形的特點和解題方法。一、任務(wù)型閱讀理解題型的特征和一般解題方法任務(wù)型閱讀理解題所選文章題材主要以廣告、海報、通告等應(yīng)用文體為主。任務(wù)型閱讀，一般不難于常規(guī)性閱讀。該題提供六段閱讀材料，布置五個“話題”，要求考生將這五個“話題”與所給的六段閱讀

2、材料中的五段一一“對應(yīng)”（有一段是多余選項）。該“對應(yīng)”可能是“主旨對應(yīng)”，也可能是“情節(jié)對應(yīng)”，還可以是“細節(jié)對應(yīng)”等。考生答好該題的要訣有二：一是理解段落主旨和細節(jié)，同時既注重說話人字面意思，也領(lǐng)悟其可能隱含的“話中有話”；二是切實做到“閱讀仔細，觀察敏銳，精確配對”。該類閱讀理解題的解題的關(guān)鍵在于正確把握住當(dāng)事人的要求與符合其要求的條件之間的一一對應(yīng)關(guān)系。同學(xué)們解題時一般適宜采用各個擊破的方式，先確定和劃出任務(wù)型閱讀題目（問題）中的關(guān)鍵信息（一般有2、3個信息點），再用快速尋讀的方法從A到F6條語段中尋找和確定一條含有解答該問題的相應(yīng)信息（一般也2、3處）。運用快速逐一排除法能為同學(xué)們節(jié)

3、省一定閱讀和答題時間。當(dāng)然排除干擾信息和一項多余信息條還需要一定時間操練。任務(wù)型閱讀理解“一一對應(yīng)”解題方法通常包括具體步驟如下：第一步：認真閱讀試題背景，了解閱讀材料的背景、話題或主題，確保解題時不脫離閱讀的主題和正確思維的主線索。第二步：仔細閱讀題目，找出不同人物的不同要求，并在關(guān)鍵詞下劃線，以便有利于為第三步的的順利解題創(chuàng)造良好的和必要的條件。第三：對照題目的要求，從A、B、C、D、E和F六個備選項中選出符合以上要求的對應(yīng)條件。有時，我們只要順著關(guān)鍵詞的線索就能輕松找到正確的答案。例如，有一篇有關(guān)體育題材的任務(wù)型閱讀理解的題目要求中涉及到姚明的NBA生涯，考生只要在備選項中找到”姚明”這

4、個關(guān)鍵詞,不用閱讀整個題目和備選項就能輕松找到正確的答案。但是，在大多數(shù)情況下，還要從提出的若干備選項選擇符合條件中的內(nèi)容。同學(xué)們需要根據(jù)具體的情況靈活地選擇解踢方式，跳讀、掃讀還是細讀。在此，特別提醒各位同學(xué)：選項中肯定有一項是多余選項。第四步：快速對照“要求”和“條件”這一主要線索通讀一遍，做到萬無一失，提高答題的準(zhǔn)確率，增強應(yīng)試的信心。二、任務(wù)型閱讀理解題實例解析現(xiàn)舉2005年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（浙江卷）任務(wù)型閱讀理解作詳細解析。試卷原題：第二節(jié)：在第61至65題中，Susan, Mike, Jane, George 和Tom正計劃參加一個夏令營。閱讀下面六個夏令營的介紹選項（

5、A、B、C、D、E和F），選出符合各人需求的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。選項中有一項是多余選項。61. Susan, a biology student, has a particular interest in wildlife. She is curious about how people and wildlife can co-exist peacefully in an area. She would like to study the environment and wild animals. With information she gathers in the camp

6、 she hopes to complete her project on wildlife.62. Mike is eager to stay away from the busy city life for a while. He and his classmates have decided to join a summer camp where they can learn outdoor skills and learn to solve problems all by themselves.63. Jane is longing for a break from school li

7、fe. She wants to try something different and exciting. She is especially interested in mountain biking and water sports.64. George is a born leader and is popular among his classmates. As a chairman of the Student Club, he often organizes activities and games. Hed like to attend wilderness courses w

8、hich offer youth a chance to learn, lead and succeed.65. Tom is a sports fan and a lover of the outdoors. Besides water sports, he enjoys horse-racing and hiking. He would like to go to a camp which offers a great variety of sports. A CALIFORNIA: Log Cabin Wilderness Camp Getaway (L. A. Area Council

9、, 233 Scout Way, Los Angeles, CA 90026; 213 413-4400): Backpacking (背包徒步旅行) is the top activity at this camp, including classes in backpacking stove (火爐) operation, back country first aid, water purification (凈化) , and map and compass skills.B WISCONSIN: Gardner Dam Scout Camp (Bay-Lakes Council, P.

10、 O. Box 267, Appleton, WI 54912; 920 734-5705): Whitewater canoeing (激流獨木舟運動) is offered if you want to have fun on the river. A 35-mile overnight mountain biking trip is for those who prefer to stay on dry land. The camp is for boys and girls 12-18.C KANSAS: Spanish Peaks Scout Camp (Santa Fe Trail

11、 Council, 1513 E. Fulton Terrace, Garden City, KS 67846; 620275-51620): Rock climbing around the camp and mountain climbing, including an attempt of topping East Spanish Peak. Join us and meet new friends and learn new activities.D IDAHO: Camp Aspen Ridge (Trapper Paths Council, 1200 East 5400 South

12、, South Ogden, UT 84403; 801 479-5460): Horseback riding and hillwalking are popular on the paths. Swimming, canoeing, rowing and fishing activities are offered on the lake. Learn about the culture and have fun!E MORTH CAROLINA: Camp Bud Schiele (Piedmont Council, 1222 E. Franklin Blvd., Gastonia, N

13、C 28053; 704864-2694): Learn about the environment of the area while taking trips deep into the woods. Then spend Friday testing what youve learned against other groups. Activities are in some of the most untouched wilderness areas across the state.F MAINE: Camp Roosevelt (Katahdin Area Council, Ban

14、gor, ME 04402; 207866-2241): The log cabin dining house was built in 1929 and offers good camp food. Once you get your fill, take on the camps Leaders Today program, which will have you climbing, jumping and working your way to better leadership skills.解題過程：2005年浙江省任務(wù)型閱讀理解題是的應(yīng)用類短文是有關(guān)學(xué)生夏令營的選擇，該題考查考生運

15、用語言“做事”的能力。語篇的標(biāo)題、字體形式與大小完全模擬了真實語篇的版面設(shè)計樣式。第一步：通過閱讀背景材料，同學(xué)們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是一個有關(guān)夏令營的招生廣告。五個不同性別的男女學(xué)生對他們將要參加的夏令營都提出了不同的要求；而下面又有A到從F六個夏令營的介紹選項，當(dāng)然， 其中一項肯定就是干擾項，需要考生一一對應(yīng)為每一個學(xué)生找到適宜的夏令營。 第二步：通過仔細閱讀題目，找出不同人物的不同要求，劃好關(guān)鍵詞。例如：61題Susan的主要要求就是：wildlife和environment。62題Mike的主要要求就是：stay away from the busy city life 和learn outd

16、oor skills。63題Jane 的主要要求就是：mountain biking 和water sports。64題George的主要要求就是：wilderness courses which offer youth a chance to learn, lead and succeed。65題的Tom主要要求就是：horse-racing and hiking 和a great variety of sports。 第三步：在明確了五個不同性別的男女學(xué)生對他們將要參加的夏令營提出了不同的要求之后，就要采用跳讀和細讀相結(jié)合的方式，一一找到符合五位學(xué)生的不同要求的對應(yīng)條件。61題答案為E。因

17、為“ Learn about the environment of the area while taking trips deep into the woods. Then spend Friday testing what youve learned against other groups. Activities are in some of the most untouched wilderness areas across the state.”這幾個條件能滿足Susan的wildlife和environment的要求。62題答案為A 。因為“Backpacking”和“classe

18、s in backpacking stove (火爐) operation, back country first aid, water purification (凈化) , and map and compass skills”能滿足Mike的“ stay away from the busy city life 和learn outdoor skills”的要求。63題答案為 B 。因為“Whitewater canoeing (激流獨木舟運動) is offered if you want to have fun on the river. A 35-mile overnight mo

19、untain biking trip is for those who prefer to stay on dry land.”能夠滿足Jane “mountain biking 和water sports”的兩大要求。64題答案為 F 。因為“Once you get your fill, take on the camps Leaders Today program, which will have you climbing, jumping and working your way to better leadership skills.”的許諾的條件能夠滿足George的“wilder

20、ness courses which offer youth a chance to learn, lead and succeed”的要求。65題答案為 D。因為Camp Aspen Ridge許諾的“Horseback riding and hillwalking are popular on the paths. Swimming, canoeing, rowing and fishing activities are offered on the lake.”的條件能夠滿足Tom “horse-racing and hiking 和a great variety of sports”的

21、要求。 第四步、再快速把條件與要求反過來查讀一遍，這樣同學(xué)們就能保證答題的準(zhǔn)確率了。 俗話說得好：“解題有法， 但無定法，一定要得法。愿本文能對同學(xué)們解好任務(wù)型閱讀理解題起到一定的 “拋磚引玉”的作用。 三、任務(wù)型閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練 （ 一）第二節(jié): 閱讀下列材料, 從所給的六個選項(A,B,C,D,E和 F)中, 選出符合各小題要求的最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑. 選項中有一項是多余選項. （共5 小題， 每小題2 分，滿分10分）The people below are all looking for someplace to enjoy some kind of activity i

22、n Beijing. After the description of these people, there is information about places AF. Decide which place would be most suitable for the person mentioned in questions 1-5 and then mark the correct letter (A-F) on your answer sheet. There is one extra paragraph about one place which you do not need

23、to use._ 1. Stephen studies art in Beijing University. He shows great interest in paintings and he is especially interested in those oil paintings that reflect the variety of life. _2. Mark has just come to China and he is very interested in Chinese culture. He has been waiting for a long time to ha

24、ve a chance to see a wonderful Chinese acrobatic performance in China._3. Oscar is a student from Yangzhou University, visiting his friends who share the same interest in music. They are planning to find someplace to enjoy rock and roll and pop songs._4. Charles works in Philips Company, Shanghai Br

25、anch. He is going to Beijing on business in middle September. He will be free in the evening, so he wants to go to someplace to enjoy some music performed by foreign bands._5. Carol studies Chinese in Beijing. She is free recently during the day time, so she would like to find someplace where she ca

26、n attend some kind of activity so that she can learn some details about Chinese modern literature.A. Capital Theatre: To celebrate its 50th anniversary, the China Acrobatic Troupe will present “The Soul of China”, where the seemingly impossible is made real. Chills (寒戰(zhàn) ) will run down your spine (脊柱

27、 ) as you watch breathlessly as performers take their art ant the bodies to the edge. Time: 7:30 p.m., September 13-19.B. Huangshicheng Gallery: A group ink pain ting exhibition is running. About 50 works by 25 young artists including Ge Yun and Yu Yang are on display. Time:9 a.m.5p.m. until Septemb

28、er 10.C. The Wangfung Art Gallery: A joint show of oil paintings by 10 young and middle-aged artists will be hosted by the gallery. On display are more than 30 of their latest works, which capture the wonderful variety of life in unique (獨特的) styles.D. Anyuan Museum: The National Museum of Modern Ch

29、inese Literature offers an indepth study of the evolution of Chinese contemporary literature from 1919 to 1949. Time: 9a.m.-4p.m., daily.E. The Olympic Center: “The Fashionow Night of Chinese Rock” is set to bring back fans out by the thousands next month. Nine Chinese rock bands will perform at the

30、 concert, including older generation bands, middle generation bands, middle generation and some recent arrivals. The audience will be given a chance to decide what songs they want to hear, which is sure to bring a storm. Time: September 16.F. Grand Theater of the Cultural Palace of Nationalities: La

31、 Petite Band, the Baroque Orchestra of Belgium, will perform as part of activities across the world to commemorate(紀(jì)念) the 250th anniversary of Bachs death. Time: 7:30p.m. September1 1-14 （二）第二節(jié)：在第61至65題中, 有五種不同類型要在蘇格蘭度假的游客打算找旅館。 閱讀下面6個旅館的介紹(選項)，選出符合各人需求的最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項標(biāo)號涂黑。選項中有一項是多余選項。6. _ Two wome

32、n friends want to do several all-day hikes in the mountains during the spring. They like a place with traditional decorations and superb views.7. _ A woman with two children aged six and ten will spend July in Scotland. The children are interested in animals and plants and the mother enjoys fashions

33、.8. _ A handicapped lawyer must use a wheelchair and drive her own car. She enjoys concerts, museums, fine architecture and swimming. She will spend the first two weeks of October in Scotland.9. _ A writer, a teacher and their one-year-old daughter want to be in a quiet place during August. They enj

34、oy good food, and like to take long walks (the baby rides in a back-pack).10. _ An old couple, aged 65 and 68, love mountain scenery and still take easy walks by the lakeside when they can. They hope to enjoy fresh air and some relaxing activities.A. Edinburgh. Post HouseA popular base for visitors

35、to Edinburgh, this fine hotel stands next to the zoological Gardens within easy reach of the many famous sights, shops and entertainments of one of Europes most elegant capitals.B. Gatehouse of Fleet. Cally HotelThis impressive hotel, well-known for its good Scottish cooking, is an ideal choice for

36、a relaxing family holiday. Set in 100 acres of private grounds, the Cally, a former stately home, has something for everyone including its own fishing lake, outdoor heated swimming pools, green lawn, tennis court, childrens playground and sauna baths.C. Glenborrodale. Glenborrodale Castle HotelThere

37、 can be few better places for a refreshing holiday than this picturesque hotel set in its own 120 acres of beautiful countryside by charming Lake Sunart on the Ardnamurchan Peninsular (半島). Boating and fishing are both available.D. Inverness. Royal HotelA unique feature of the Royal is its fine coll

38、ection of antique furniture, china and glass. This friendly comfortable hotel, a favorite meeting place for the towns people, is an excellent base for getting to know the Highlands-Lake Ness, Great Gien and Culloden Moor are all within easy reach.E. Peebles. Tontine HotelThe Tontine had a fascinatin

39、g beginning it was built in1808. This homely hotel has been extended to make it a really comfortable base for exploring the Tweed Valley and the attractive Lowland country.F. North Berwick. Marine HotelThis fine hotel overlooks the famous West Links golf course and is close to several sandy beaches.

40、 The Marine has its own open-air swimming pool and putting green as well as tennis courts, squash courts and saunas. Edinburgh, well-known for its art festivals, is only some 24 miles away. 任務(wù)型閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練（一）參考解題點撥：通過閱讀試題的背景介紹，我們可以斷定閱讀的主題圍繞著五位老外在北京尋找各自所需要的活動場所，包括文化、藝術(shù)和休閑的場所。然后，讀者細讀Stephen、 Mark 、Oscar、Charles和Carol五位老外在北京所要找的五個不同場所的信息，不難確定主要閱讀線索。例如：Stephen（ paintings、oil paintings和 the variety of life）Mark（Chinese culture和a wonderful Chinese acrobatic performance）Oscar（rock and roll和pop songs）Charl