20中考專題—閱讀與表達(dá)(帶答案)

1、綾】閱讀與表達(dá)營(yíng)芝麻開門J.一13噌3事3/3甲皿噂3申3J.JU埠-UA-Um4審4LS噌-LU噂XJ知己知彼考綱近三年中考分布2021年2021年2021年閱讀與表達(dá)閱讀與表達(dá)閱讀與表達(dá)能獲取文章的具體信息第64/65/66/67題第64/65/66/67題第65/66/67/68題閱8分8分8分讀閱讀與表達(dá)閱讀與表達(dá)閱讀與表達(dá)與能理解歸納文章的主旨要義第68題第68題第69題表2分2分2分達(dá)揭秘：閱讀與表達(dá)是中考必考題型,共5小題,總計(jì)10分c其中前4小題是容易題,文章中有明確答案；最后第5題屬于難題,通常需要在理解文章主要內(nèi)容的根底上提取文章主旨要義.4守3噌XJ.XU.

2、JJJ.JLL詠XJ噂XU.-UI一.山.JL1J.4寺XJ.4U.-UJ.U申JU申JU*_U.3.3.3*_U腺344申用兵如神【典型例題】2021北京中考Campinginyourbackyardisfulloffun,whateveryourage.It'sgreatforkeepingusrelaxed.Itofferschancestocheckthenightskyandtobenoisierthanusual.Itletsushavefriendsovertostaywhomightnotfit'llneverforgetinsidethehouse!Follo

3、wtheseinstructionsandyou'llhaveanightyouPutupyourtent.Dependingonthenumberoffamilymembersandguests,youmayneedmorethanonetent.Tellyourfriendstobringtheirtentsifneeded.FollowtheinstructionsorcheckoutthearticlesonhowtoputupatentontheInternet.Prepareyourbedding.ieonthefloor:You'llwantyourguestst

4、obeabletorelaxincomfort.Putsomethingsofttoblow-upairmattressorthickcomfortersmayworkwell.Fillthetentwithsofttoysandblankets毯子.Havelightweightsleepingbagsorcottonblankets.Theyareespeciallyimportantifyoulivewherethenighttemperaturesdropgreatly.Prepareaseatingarea.Ifyouhaveapicnictable,thatwouldworkbes

5、t.Ifnot,setupafewchairsandasmalltabletosetoutdrinksandfood.Asimplechoiceistolayoutablanketinthesun,sothatyourfriendscaneatandtalk.Besurethegrassisn'twet!Makememories.Plansomeactivities.You'recampinginthebackyard,soit'stimetomakethemostofbeingoutdoors.Haveacameranearbytotakesillyphotosofy

6、ou,yourfamilymembers,andyourfriends.Takeonelarge注意：先看問(wèn)題,再帶著問(wèn)題讀文章效率groupshotwitheveryonesmilingandlaughing.Besuretomakecopiesforeveryone!64. Iscampinginthebackyardgreatfun?65. Whatcanwedotohelprelaxourguests?66. Whatisasimplechoicetoprepareaseatingarea?67. Howdowemakememories?68. Whatisthepassagemain

7、lyabout?卡考點(diǎn)一：獲取文章具體信息般疑問(wèn)句64. Iscampinginthebackyardgreatfun?【考點(diǎn)精析】Yes.此題考查獲取文章具體信息的水平.通過(guò)查找關(guān)鍵詞campinginthebackyard可知此題對(duì)應(yīng)的信息就位于文章的第1句話Campinginyourbackyardisfulloffun,whateveryourage.信息與問(wèn)題致,故答案為Yes.考點(diǎn)二：獲取文章具體信息特殊疑問(wèn)句65. Whatcanwedotohelprelaxourguests?【考點(diǎn)精析】Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor.此題考查獲取文章具體信息的

8、水平.問(wèn)題是“為了幫助客人放松,我們能做什么？通過(guò)查找關(guān)鍵詞helprelaxourguests可知此題對(duì)應(yīng)信息位于第3段開頭部分You'llwantyourgueststobeabletorelaxincomfort.Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor你想要你的客人舒適地放松,那么在地板上放一些軟綿綿的東西來(lái)躺著.故答案為Putsomethingsofttolieonthefloor.66. Whatisasimplechoicetoprepareaseatingarea?【考點(diǎn)精析】Asimplechoiceistolayoutablanketinthe

9、sun.此題考查獲取文章具體信息的水平.問(wèn)題是“準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)就坐區(qū)域的簡(jiǎn)單項(xiàng)選擇擇是什么？通過(guò)查找關(guān)鍵詞prepareaseatingarea可知答案位于第4段;再根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞asimplechoice可知答案位于第3句話Asimplechoiceistolayoutablanketinthesun.67. Howdowemakememories?【考點(diǎn)精析】Bytakingphotosofus,ourfamilymembersandfriends.此題考查獲取文章具體信息的水平.問(wèn)題是“我們?nèi)绾沃圃旎貞?？通過(guò)查找關(guān)鍵詞makememories可知答案位于最后一局部,即照片能給人留下回憶Haveac

10、ameranearbytotakesillyphotosofyou,yourfamilymembers,andyourfriends.答復(fù)時(shí)需注意兩點(diǎn)：首先,要將第二人稱轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱與問(wèn)題保持一致；其次,通常How引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句要用by+doing弓I出答案,故答案為Bytakingphotosofus,ourfamilymembersandfriends.點(diǎn)三：提取文章主旨要義特殊疑問(wèn)句68. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?【考點(diǎn)精析Whatfunofcampingisandhowwehaveagreatcamping.此題考查提取文章主旨要義的水平.問(wèn)題是“這

11、篇文章主要關(guān)于什么？這類問(wèn)題通常在原文中找不到明確的對(duì)應(yīng)信息,需要在把握文意的1段是單獨(dú)的一局部,其余根底上,提煉并歸納出答案.縱觀此題原文,發(fā)現(xiàn)它可以分成兩個(gè)局部第帶副標(biāo)題的所有段落是另一局部,那么分別提煉兩局部的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)并整合在一起就會(huì)得出此題答案.第1局部紅色劃線語(yǔ)句首段前4句話以“總一分式說(shuō)明camping的樂(lè)趣；藍(lán)色劃線語(yǔ)句首段最后一句話承上啟下,說(shuō)明第2局部將分述如何才能擁有一個(gè)難以忘懷的camping.最后分別what和how兩個(gè)連接詞?各兩音B分段義弓I出,即Whatfunofcampingisandhowwehaveagreatcamping.【舉一反三】閱讀與表達(dá)問(wèn)題形式一

12、般答復(fù)方式一般注息事項(xiàng)股具體信息一般疑問(wèn)句Yes./No.答案對(duì)應(yīng)信息與題號(hào)順致,自上而卜選擇疑問(wèn)句例如:Whichisbetter,AorB?A./B.特殊疑問(wèn)句in/at+地點(diǎn)wherein/on/at+時(shí)間whenBy+doinghowBecause-why主旨要義特殊疑問(wèn)句WhatandhowWhenandwhere-1Whoandwhy注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)要與問(wèn)題一致【即學(xué)即練】2021北京中考Weneedtoberesponsibleforourenvironment.Beingafrugalconsumer節(jié)儉的消費(fèi)者isonewaytohelp.But,whatexactlydoes

13、thatmean?UseItUpYoucanusethingsupinsteadofwastingthem.Squeezethatlastbitoftoothpasteoutofthetube.Usethelastlittlepieceofsoap.Don'tthrowawayanybitsofthebiscuitatthebottomofthebox.WearItOutYoudonotalwaysneedtohavenewthings.Supposeyoursneakershavebrokenlaces,buttheystillfityou.Repairthemandwearthem

14、longer.Youdon'havetohavethelatestiPhoneuntiltheoldonedoesn'workanymore.Thenyoucangetanewone.Thinktwicebeforereplacingsomethingthatstillwork.MakeItDoWhensomethingyouwantisnotonhand,lookforsomethingelsethatyoualreadyhavetotakeitsplace.Supposeyouarepackingyourlunchfortomorrowandwantabuttersandw

15、ich.Youareoutofbutter.Haveacheesesandwichinsteadsoyoucanuseallofthecheese.Learntofixbrokentoysinsteadofjustthrowingthemaway.Withalittlethought,youcanmakesomethingdo,insteadofbuyingsomethingnew.DoWithoutThinkaboutallthosethingsthatyouwouldliketohave.Doyoureallyneedthem?Howlongwillyoureallyplaywiththa

16、tnewtoyyousawonTV?Makingthethingsthatwewantusesupourworld資源.And,gettingridofthethingswedon'twantanymoretakesupevenmoreresourcesandspace.65. Doweneedtoberesponsibleforourenvironment?66. Howdowedealwiththelastlittlepieceofsoap?67. WhendoweneedtogetanewiPhone?68. Whatshouldwedowhensomethingwewantis

17、notonhand?69. Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?【答案】65.Yes.66. Useitup.67. Untiltheolddoen'tworkanymore.68. Lookforsomethingelse.69. Whyandhowtobearesponsibleconsumer.兩先仔細(xì)閱讀短文后所提出的問(wèn)題,帶著問(wèn)題通讀全文,把握文章意思,然后再研k"讀跟問(wèn)題相關(guān)的句子、句子的關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)等；在此根底上再結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行分析判教學(xué)斷、邏輯推理、歸納提煉出問(wèn)題答案；記住要看清問(wèn)題,不要答非所問(wèn),同時(shí)表述的點(diǎn)撥句子內(nèi)容要簡(jiǎn)潔明了、語(yǔ)法

18、正確、語(yǔ)句通順、書寫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)./過(guò)關(guān)斬將【2021河北中考】Everyyear,wildfires野火destroymuchforestland.Homesarebrokendown,andthousandsofpeopledie.smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter.Theyjumpfromplacesintoareasthatdifficulttoreachbycaroronfoot.Theyracetoputoutfiresasfastastheycan.Atafiresite,sm

19、okejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.Theirmaingoalistostopfirefromspreading.Usingbasictoolssuchasshovelsandaxes,smokejumpersclearlandofburnablemateriallikeplantsandotherdrymaterial.Theycarrywaterwiththemtoo,butnotmuch.Althoughmostsmokejumpersaremen,morewomenarejoining.Mostimportan

20、tareyourweightandheight.SmokejumpersintheU.S.forexample,mustbe54to91kilograms,sotheydonhentheyfartcgetrhgjetwblownbystrongwinds.Smokejumpersmustbeabletoliveinthewilderness.InRussia,manysmokejumpersknowhowtofindfoodintheforestandevenmakesimplefurniturefromtrees.Theworkisdangerous,thehoursarelong.Butf

21、orthesefirefighters,smokejumpingisn'tjustajob.Theylovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes,fightfires,andliveintheforest.As28-year-oldRussiansmokejumpersAlexiTishinsays,“Thisisthebefdijotestrongandbrave.64. WhatareSmokejumpers?65. Wheredotheyjumpfrom?66. What'stheirmaingoal?67. Whyshouldtheyhaveproper

22、weight?68. What'sneededtobeasmokejumper【答案】64.Smokejumpersareaspecialkindoffirefighter.65. Theyjumpfromplanes.66. Theirmaingoalistostopfirefromspreading.67. Becausetheywon'gethurtwhentheyland,orgetblownbystrongwinds.68. Tobeasmokejumper,oneneedstohaveproperheightandweight,beabletoliveinthewi

23、ldernessandlovehis/herjob.【2021海淀一模】Beijingisacrowdedcityofhigh-risebuildingseverywhere.Whenthereisafire,itcanspreadeasilyandquickly.Everyyear,therearethousandsofpeoplelosingnotonlytheirproperty財(cái)產(chǎn)butalsotheirlovedonesinfires.Inmanycases,thesefireshappenedbecausepeoplewerecareless.Topreventfiresathom

24、e,itisimportanttomonitor監(jiān)督somehouseholdactivities.UseofelectricalappliancesAlwayspayattentiontotheelectricalwiringandelectricalappliances電器thatyouareusing.Chooseproperelectricalappliancesandusethemcorrectly.Forexample,allowenoughspacebehindyourTVsetstomakesurethatthereisroomfortheheattoescape.Donotp

25、utheatersnearnewspapersorothermaterialsthatcanburneasily.Whentheelectricalappliancesarenotinuse,disconnectthemfromtheelectricitysupply.Whenyounoticeproblemswithyourelectricalappliances,makesuretorepairorreplacethemquickly.Itisalsoimportanttoavoidconnectingtoomanyplugstothesamesocket插座asfiresmayresul

26、t.FirerisksinthekitchenThekitchenisaplacewherewecanfindfuel燃料,cookingstovesandmanydifferentkindsofelectricalappliances.Becauseofthis,youhavetobemorecarefulwhenworkinginthekitchen.Beforecooking,openthewindowstoallowfreshairintothekitchen.Donotleavethekitchenwhenastoveisinuse.Keepfoodpackagesandwastep

27、aperawayfromastoveaswell.Ifyousmellstronggasinthekitchen,disconnectthegassupplyandcontactyourgassupplycompanyimmediately.MatchesandlightersPutmatchesandlightersinsafeplaces.Donotletchildrenplaywiththem.EmergencyexitsDonotblocktheemergencyexits緊急出口orlockthem.Whenthereisafire,theemergencyexitsareyourm

28、ainescapepaths.64. Whydidfirehappeninmanycases?65. Whereshouldn'tweputtheheater?66. Isitimportanttoavoidconnectingtoomanyplugstothesamesocket?67. Whatshouldwedobeforecooking?68. Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?【答案】64.Becausepeoplewerecareless.65. Weshouldn'tputheatersnearnewspapersorothermateri

29、alsthatcanburneasily.66. Yes./Yes,itis.67. (Weshould)Openthewindowstoallowfreshairintothekitchen.68. Totellushowto/Someusefulwaystopreventfires(athome)./Totellsomethingaboutfireprevention(athome).【2021東城一?！縇isaistenyearsold.Sheishandicapped(殘疾的)becauseshehasbraindamage.Shecouldnotdressherselforfeedh

30、erselfuntilayearago.Herparentslovedher,buttheytreatedherlikeababy.Mr.Chinghasadaughterandason.Theyarebothgrown-up.Theylivefarfromtheirfather.Mr.Chingfeltlonely.Hedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Hevolunteeredtobecomeafostergrandfathertoahandicappedchild.AndthatwashowhemetLisa.Mr.Chingbecameafostergrandpa

31、renttoLisaayearago.Atfirst,Lisawasshy.ShewasafraidbecauseMr.Chingwasastranger.Buthecametoseeherthreetimesaweek.Littlebylittle,shebegantotrusthim.LisaletMr.Chingdothingsforher.Hehelpedtodressher,toldherstoriesandfedher.Onedayhecameatlunchtimeandfedher.Hehandedherthespoonandguidedittohermouth.Hetoldhe

32、rshemustlearntofeedherself.“MostofthatlunchendeduponourclothesinsteadofinLisaMr.Chingremsmbsfe,"BButitwasastartforLisa.Shelearnedtofeedherselfinafewmonths.ThenLisawasreadyformoretreatment.ThankstoMr.Ching,shehadlearnedtodoonesimplething.Shecouldalsolearntodoothersimplethings.Tobecomefostergrand

33、parents,peoplemustbeatleastsixtyyearsoldandingoodhealth.Theyarevolunteers,sotheyarenotpaid.Mr.Chingsays,“Weallbenefit.Thehandicappedchildrenbenefitbecausewehelpthemlivemoreusefullives.Andwebenefitbecauseweknowthechildrenneedusandloveus.Foranyperson,there'nsgreaterhappinessthanthat!64.WhydoesLisa

34、needhelp?65. DoesMr.Chinglivewithhischildren?66. HowoftendidMr.ChingvisitLisa?67. Howcanpeoplebecomefostergrandparents?68. WhatdidMr.ChingdotohelpLisa?【答案】64.Becausesheishandicapped.65. No,hedoesn't.66. Threetimesaweek.67. Theymustbeatleastsixtyyearsoldandingoodhealth.68. Hedressedher,toldhersto

35、riesandfedher.Healsotaughthertofeedherself.【2021西城一?！縁lynnMcGarry,a14-year-oldAmericanboy,controlsthekitcheneasily.Heisnowcrownedas被譽(yù)為"thecountry'shottestchef廚師.McGarrybeganhiscookingcareerfouryearsagoandsaiditwassomethinghewassoondrawntoo.Hewantedtocookasmuchashecoulddoit.Afterlookingatall

36、thesecookbooksandgoingontheInternet,hethoughthecouldachievethatoneday.McGarrysaid."EverytimeItryit,Ihopetokeepgettingbetterandbetter.Ijustfellinlovewithit."Hesaidhismother'scookingwasanotherreasonforhimtocook.Hedidn'tquitelikehismother'sfood,sohedecidedtotrysomethingsimple.Hest

37、artedcookingforhimself.Hebeganpracticinghisknifeskillsafterschool.Then,hestartedcreatingdishesforafewofhismother'sfriends.Soonafter,hecreatedmorecomplicate-d復(fù)雜的andexpensivedishesforfamousrestaurantsinAmerica.Thereal"IwanttobeachefmomentcamewhenMcGarrydecidedtocreatehisowndishes.Hesaidayearl

38、ater.Whenhisskillsinthekitchengotbetter,hewasabletocookhiswaythroughmostofthecookbook.Hehasworkedintoprestaurantsacrossthecountry.Hisaccomplishments技藝mayseemliketheworkofanexperiencedchef,butthiscookisonly14yearsold.Theyoungmanhasastrongpassion熱情forcooking.Heeventurnedhisbedroomintoanexperimentalkit

39、chenlab.Youcan'tseeanyvideogames,basketballsormovieposters.McGarry'smotherisproudofhimandshefullysupportsherson.Shesaid,"Heshowedsuchpassionforthisthatitwasanobviouschoicetoallowhimtodowhathelovestodo.""Focusingonyourpassionandhardworkcertainlypaysoffintheend."WhenFlynnMc

40、Garrywasinterviewed,hesaid,"Atthepointinyourlifewhereyoustopcaringifyou'regoingtobefamousordowell,yourdreamwillcometoyou."64. HowoldwasMcGarrywhenhestartedcooking?65. Didhelikehismother'sfood?67. Whendidhereallywanttobeachef?68. WhatmakesMcGarrysuccessful?【答案】69. Hewastenyearsold./

41、Hewasten./Tenyearsold.70. No,hedidn't.71. Forhimself.72. Whenhedecidedtocreatehisowndishes.73. Hispassionforcooking,hardwork,aslongashiscreativeideasandnotcaringwhethersuccessfulornot.【2021朝陽(yáng)一?！緿r.SharonM.Draperisanexcellentteacheraswellasasuccessfulwriter.Sheisawomanofachievements.Shehasbeenhon

42、oredastheNationalTeacheroftheYear,isafive-timewinneroftheCorettaScottKingLiteraryAwards,andisaNewYorkTimesbestsellingwriter.ShewaschosenasOhio'sOutstandingHighSchoolLanguageArtsEducator,OhioTeacheroftheYear,andasaNCNWExcellenceinTeachingAwardwinner.SheisaMilkenFamilyFoundationNationalEducatorAwardwinner.SheisaYWCACareerWomanofAchievement,andistherecipient接受者oftheDean'sAwardfromHowardUniversitySchoolofEducation.TwoyearsagoshewasnamedOhioPioneerinEducati