被動語態(tài)（1）

1、Passive voice被動語態(tài)基本用法被動語態(tài)基本用法當句子的當句子的主語主語是動作的是動作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者時，時，謂語的形式是謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)。當句子的。當句子的主語是動作的主語是動作的承受者承受者時，謂語要用時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞。被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出表現(xiàn)出來。來。be + Vp.p(動詞的過去分詞）動詞的過去分詞）1)be 動詞可以隨時態(tài)人稱的變化而動詞可以隨時態(tài)人稱的變化而變化變化am/ is / are + V(過去分詞）過去分詞）was/ were+ V(過去分詞）過去分詞）will be

2、 + V(過去分詞）過去分詞）情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ be + V (過去分詞）過去分詞）He plants trees in spring. 主謂賓(受動者)Treesare planted byhim改為被動語態(tài)in spring.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)口訣主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)口訣：賓語提前主語變，賓語提前主語變，原主變賓原主變賓by后見，后見，時態(tài)人稱時態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵關(guān)鍵。Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主謂謂賓賓(受動者受動者)The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.His brother washes bowls ev

3、ery day.主主謂謂賓賓(受動者受動者)Bowls are washed byhis brother every day.1.They make shoes in that factory.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時：S(主語）主語）+am/is /are +過去分詞過去分詞2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時：一般過去時：S+was/

4、were +過去分詞過去分詞3Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞過去分詞4.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來時：一般將來時：S+ will+be+過去分詞過去分詞5.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms a

5、re being painted by some workers now.現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在進行時： S+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞過去分詞6We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時： S+ have/has + been+過去分詞過去分詞7I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.過去進行時：過去進行時： S

6、+ was/were+being+過去分詞過去分詞時態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時時V(原形原形)/ V(e)sam/is/are +Vpp一般過去一般過去時時V-ed/ madewas/were +Vpp一般將來一般將來時時will +V(原形原形) will+ be +Vpp含情態(tài)動含情態(tài)動詞詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ V(原形原形)情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ be +Vpp各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時：一般過去時：一般過去時：情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞：一般將來時：一般將來時：現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時：過去進行時：過去進行時

7、：S+am/is /are +P.PS+was/were +P.P.S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.S+ will+be+ P.P.S+ am/is/are + being + P.P.S+ have/has + been+ P.P.S+ was/were+being+ P.P. 何時使用被動語態(tài)呢？何時使用被動語態(tài)呢？ 一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如：說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的二、

8、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如：執(zhí)行者時。例如： My bike was stolen我的自行車被盜了。我的自行車被盜了。 三、漢語中含有三、漢語中含有“據(jù)說據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉據(jù)悉”、“有有人說人說”、“大家說大家說”等時。例如：等時。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.眾所周知眾所周知 It is well known that 據(jù)推測說據(jù)推測說 It is supposed that 四、漢語中含

9、有四、漢語中含有“被被”、“由由”等詞時。等詞時。例如：例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫來的。叫來的。五、某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如：五、某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如： He was born in October，1989 1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of thei

10、r classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）變被動語態(tài)）3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day

11、.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished使用被動語態(tài)注意點使用被動語態(tài)注意點 不

12、及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，但后面加上介詞或副詞后，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，但后面加上介詞或副詞后，就變成了及物的短語動詞，就可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，不過就變成了及物的短語動詞，就可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，不過要特別注意短語動詞中的介詞或副詞絕對不能丟失。要特別注意短語動詞中的介詞或副詞絕對不能丟失。 雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，一般把表示人的間賓變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，一般把表示人的間賓變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。如果把表示物的直賓變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語時，要在賓語如果把表示物的直賓變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語時，要在賓語前加上前加上to或或for，是，是to還是還是for，要依據(jù)與它們搭配的動，要依據(jù)與它們搭配的動詞來定。詞來定。 在主動語態(tài)

13、中省略在主動語態(tài)中省略to的不定式，在改為被動語態(tài)后，應的不定式，在改為被動語態(tài)后，應加上不定式符號加上不定式符號to。 在在allow somebody to do中，表示人的名詞或代詞作被中，表示人的名詞或代詞作被動語態(tài)的主語時，動語態(tài)的主語時，allow后不能接后不能接-ing形式。形式。 若主動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞是若主動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞是know，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時應，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時應將其變?yōu)閷⑵渥優(yōu)閎e known to。take care of / look after / take off / look at / send for / look up The old man shoul

14、d be taken good care of .1 含有短語動詞的被動含有短語動詞的被動 不及物動詞帶上介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語不及物動詞帶上介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語,相當于及物相當于及物動詞動詞, 后面可帶賓語后面可帶賓語二二 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)2 含雙賓語的被動含雙賓語的被動My father gave me a new book on my birthday . - I was given a new book (by my father).-A new book was given to me (by my father )3 帶有復合賓語的動詞的被動帶有復合賓語的動詞的被動We find E

15、nglish very well .- English is found very well .I often heard him sing in his room .- He was often heard to sing in his room . 三三 主動表示被動情況主動表示被動情況1 某些某些VI 動詞表被動含義如動詞表被動含義如 carry out / lock open / read /teach / wash / write 用來說明主用來說明主語性質(zhì)特征語性質(zhì)特征,常與常與 not / hardly / well /easily / badly /nicely 等連用等連用M

16、eat cuts easily .The car drove easily .His novel sells well 2 某些感觀動詞表被動含義如某些感觀動詞表被動含義如 feel / look / taste / smell / sound This shirt feels much softer than that one.This orange tastes nice . 3 某些動詞表被動含義如某些動詞表被動含義如 weigh / measure / cost / last / break out / take place /happen The meeting lasted two

17、 hours .4 某些動詞如某些動詞如bind / cook / do / owe / print 的進的進行時表被動含義行時表被動含義The meat is cooking .5 get / come / go + P.P 表示被動含義表示被動含義 用來強用來強調(diào)動作結(jié)果或表示出乎意料的偶然事件調(diào)動作結(jié)果或表示出乎意料的偶然事件. come / go 常與否定連用常與否定連用They got delayed because of the holiday traffic .The womans complaints went unnoticed.6 在在 need / want / requ

18、ire / deserve + doing 句句型中型中,動名詞表示被動動名詞表示被動.The garden needs watering = The garden needs to be watered .7 有些動詞的不定式有些動詞的不定式( let / rent 用主動表被動用主動表被動The house is to let .8 一些介詞短語用作定語或表語時表被動一些介詞短語用作定語或表語時表被動Apples are on sale .9 一些表示主語性質(zhì)特征的表語形容詞如一些表示主語性質(zhì)特征的表語形容詞如easy / difficult / hard /easy ,所跟的不定式用主動表被所跟的不定式用主動表被動動, 不定式與句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系不定式與句子的主語構(gòu)成