語(yǔ)法講解：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流語(yǔ)法講解：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式主謂語(yǔ)一致既是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上與主語(yǔ)保持一致.主要依據(jù)下列三條原則:【語(yǔ)法一致】:指的是語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致, 即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式.【意義一致】:從意義上來(lái)處理一致關(guān)系. 有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù), 但意義上為復(fù)數(shù), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依意義而定, 采取復(fù)數(shù)形式. 有時(shí)主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式, 但意義為單數(shù), 動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù).【鄰近原則】:另一個(gè)時(shí)常干擾語(yǔ)法一致的因素是鄰近原則, 即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)往往和最近的詞保持一致. 主謂一致的有關(guān)要點(diǎn)分述如下:【1】. 集合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

2、要由句意決定. 若被視為一個(gè)整體, 用單數(shù)形式; 若視為若干個(gè)體時(shí), 則用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.(family, class, team, group, school, country, city, village, etc.)如:Our family is very large. His family are waiting for him. The enemy were encamped on the hill-side. The class has been reorganized.The class are taking notes in English.【2】."more than o

3、ne + 單數(shù)" 作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)."more + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + than one" 作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù). 如:More than one question was asked. More than one person likes this new book.More persons than one have been involved(牽連).More boys than one are swimming there.【3】."a + 單數(shù)+ or two" 作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); "one or two +復(fù)數(shù)"

4、 作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù).如:A day or two is enough. A servant or two or three was to go with her.One or two reasons were suggested. One or two enemies were killed.【4】."many a + 單數(shù)" 作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 如:Many a fine man has died in that battle. Many a boy likes playing football.【5】.含雙數(shù)概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù). 若這類(lèi)名詞前

5、帶有" a pair of, two pairs of " 等單位詞, 則以單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)的形式. 如:My new trousers are too loose. My glasses were broken, so I can't see well. A pair of shoes is not enough for use in mountain climbing.Two pairs of trousers are missing. 【6】.表時(shí)間、距離、錢(qián)額的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù). 如:Ten years is a moment in his

6、tory. A hundred miles is a long distance.Ten thousand dollars is large sum.【7】."each/every + 單數(shù) + and + each/every + 單數(shù)” 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)形式是單數(shù)。如：Each book and each pen is found in its place. Every hour and every minute is important.【8】.在以“or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also”連接的并列主語(yǔ)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后一個(gè)名詞或代詞一

7、致。如：He or I am wrong.He or his brothers were at home.Either the shirts or the sweater is a good buy.Neither you nor your brother is in trouble.Neither he nor they are mistaken. Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.Not only the mother but also the children were sick.【9】.當(dāng)

8、主語(yǔ)后面跟as well as, with, along with, together with, but, except,like等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：A teacher, with his students, is seeing an English film.The ship, together with the sailors, was lost.I as well as they am ready to help you.The truck, along with all the goods, was destroyed.【10】.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“some/all/

9、most/half + of”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由of 后的名詞而定。Some of this seems to be rather good.Some are good, some are bad.All of the food was lost.All of the students have handed in their compositions. Most of the directors were against the plan.Most of the steel is produced by the factory.Half of the story is not true.H

10、alf of the apples are bad.【11】.“a number of, a total of”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the number of, the total of”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：A number of people were injured.A large number of people have come to see the exhibition.The number of the chairs in the room is ten.A total of 3,000 letters were received last mont

11、h.The total of letters received last month was 3,000.【12】.“the rest of + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由名詞的形式?jīng)Q定。如：The rest of the story needs no telling.He stayed at home and the rest of the boys were out at play.【13】“百分?jǐn)?shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)+ of + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)的形式由名詞的形式?jīng)Q定。如：Thirty percent of the water is fresh water.Ten percent of the

12、apples are bad.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 【14】.“population”一詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，但如果它用分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)表示數(shù)量時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Whats the population of China?The population of Canada is about 29 million.About eighty percent of the population of China are peasants.Two thirds of the population of the town ar

13、e in trouble.【15】.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)由and連接時(shí)，如果表示不同概念，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；如果表示同一概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：Wu Dong and Wu Xi are twin brothers.The singer and dancer comes from Guangdong. 【16】.不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù). None作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可單數(shù)可復(fù)數(shù)。如：Each of us has read the book.Neither of them is interested in English.Either of the stories is interesting.Some

14、body is waiting for you at the gate of the school.Nobody wants to go there.None has/have been found. None knows/know a great deal about this experiment.【17】.定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)的形式，如果引導(dǎo)詞作從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)與先行詞一致。如：He who laughs the last laughs the best. Please give the books that were bought yesterday.【18】.“people, polic

15、e, cattle”等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The people in the city are very friendly.The police are searching for the murderer.The cattle are eating grass near the river.【19】.“there be + 并列主語(yǔ)”和“here be + 并列主語(yǔ)”，謂語(yǔ)與靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.There are some books and a pen on the desk.Here is a letter and a book for you.【20】.“the + 形容詞/-ed分詞”表示一類(lèi)人的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The injured have been taken to hospital.The young are required to respect the old.The rich are happy, but the poor are sad.The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.【21】.在one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +