定語從句96932

1、定語從句詳解 7 August 2014I. 考點: 關(guān)系詞的用法; 介詞+關(guān)系代詞; 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句II.關(guān)系詞基本用法A.關(guān)系代詞 （在限制性定語從句作賓語可省略）1. 表示人: who在定語從句作主語； whom在定語從句作賓語, 在其前沒有介詞的情況下也可以用who替換如： Do you know the boy who is sitting under the tree?The girl who(m) you met just now is my sister.The girl to whom you spoke just now is my classmate.2

2、. 表示物: which在定語從句作主語、賓語如： This is the book which you bought yesterday. The car which is over there is mine.3. 表示人/物的. whose 在定語從句作定語+ n= the +n+ of +which/whom 或of which/whom the +n如：The book whose cover (= the cover of which) is red is mine.Her mother refuses to let her marry the fellow whose famil

3、y is very poor.4. as: the same as（類似的，一樣的,但不是同一個）the samethat(同一個) such as; as.as, so.as如： This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.這支鋼筆和我昨天丟失的一樣。 This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 這就是我昨天丟失的鋼筆 。I want to have such a dictionary as he has. I have never seen as clever a boy as he is .5. that表

4、示人或物, 既可作主語也可作賓語 注意 that 的特殊用法：1) 下列情況常用that a. 先行詞為all, anything, nothing, everything, something 如：He told me all /everything that he had seen that day. b. 先行詞被形容詞的最高級，序數(shù)詞所修飾 如：This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen. He is the last one that is ready to do the job.c. 先行詞被all, much ,no, the o

5、nly, the very, any, few, little修飾如：This is the only book that can be bought here.d. 先行詞既有人又有物 如: Everyone talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. e. who 或which開頭的在疑問句中為避免重復如: Who is the girl that always wears a bright skirt? f. 如有兩個定語從句，其中的一個關(guān)系詞已用，則另一個用that 如: Edison built up a fa

6、ctory which produced things that had never been seen before.g. 當先行詞在句中作表語時用that但?？墒÷?如: She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago.下列情況不用that 先行詞為those/anyone/everyone時 如: Those who want to go climbing please sign here.不引導非限制性的定語從句如: The computer, which you bought last week , broke down

7、again.c.不做介詞的賓語如: The school in which you study now is also my mother school.B. 關(guān)系副詞when , where, why 分別在定語從句作時間狀語、地點狀語或原因狀語如: This is the school which/that/不填 we visited yesterday and where we once studied. Do you still remember the day which /that/不填we spent together and when we studied together.

8、The reason why/ for which he was late is that his bike broken down on the way.(注意was 后的表語從句解釋前面的reason內(nèi)容不要用because要用that) III. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞 pre + which/whom +句子 此處which/whom不可省略 根據(jù)其后句的搭配 1) This is the book _Im interested. 根據(jù)先行詞 2) He still remembered the day _he met Chairman Jiang.根據(jù)句意 3) The rat made a

9、 hole _ it could go out. 在介詞前可加 all, some, none, half, most, 分數(shù)，百分數(shù),數(shù)詞等。 4) I have many friends, some of whom (=of whom some)are teachers. 5) He has many books, many of which are about cartoon characters.pre + which/whom + to do 此結(jié)構(gòu)必須有介詞 如：I want to find a room to live in =I want to find a room in w

10、hich to live. He wants to make a few good friends to communicate with. (=_)IV. 非限制性定語從句(必須與其前的句子用逗號隔開)1. 除that 外，以上關(guān)系詞都可引導非限制性定語從句如：1) This is my brother , who joined the army three years ago.2) We entered a hall , where an English speech was being given.3) We will put off the meeting till next week

11、, when I may be free2. 在非限制性定語從句，即使關(guān)系詞作賓語也不能省略。 The book, I bought yesterday, is very interesting.( 改錯)3. which, as除指單個單詞外，還可引導非限制性的定語從句代替整個句子的內(nèi)容。a) .as可放在句首，which不能; b) .as有“正如，就像”之意, 如：as we know=as is well known 眾所周知，as is often the case 情況常是如此 等; c) 如果定語從句放在主句后，關(guān)系詞作主語其后的動詞是實義動詞,則用which，d). as 引導

12、的從句在意義上應與主句保持和諧一致，如果不一致，應用which.如：1) _ we all know, he is very honest.2) He came late again , _ made his teacher angry.3) Tom works hard at his lessons , as is usual with him.V. 分隔式定語從句定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞后，但有時由于結(jié)構(gòu)或內(nèi)容方面的原因，定語從句與先行詞之間插入了其它成分，從而使定語從句與先行詞分開，這樣的定語從句叫做分隔式的定語從句。分隔成份常是謂語動詞、定語或狀語。如：1）A war broke ou

13、t which lasted four years.2) Tom is the only boy among my friends who likes playing soccer.3) The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village.VI. 注意 ：1. 看前后句之間有沒有標點符號“，”“;”或有but, and, so等詞 如： He has two sons, both of _ are students. He has two sons and bot

14、h of _are students.2. 即使關(guān)系詞作賓語可以省，也不能出現(xiàn)與先行詞重復的代詞 如： Please hand me the book I bought it yesterday.(改錯) 3. 看句中有無先行詞如 1) Is this school the one you visited last week?2) Is this the school which/that/不填 you visited last week? 3) Is this the school where you learned the modern teaching methods? 4. 注意one

15、 of, the only/very one of 如：1) He is one of the students who _ hard.(work) 2) He is the only one of the students who _ hard.(work) 5. what, how不引導定語從句 what相當于定語從句the things which/that 如：This is what(=all that/ all the words that) I want to say. 當the way作先行詞在定語從句中作方式狀語時，關(guān)系詞可用in which, that或省略. 比較下列各句

16、：1). This is the way in which/that/ 不填you worked out the problem. 2）. This is the way that/which/不填you thought of to work out the problem. 3). This is the way that/which can be used to work out the problem. VII. 選擇題1. a. Is this factory _ you visited last week?b. Is this the factory _ you visited la

17、st week?c. Is this the factory _ you visited the modern machines? A. where B. that C. the one D. Which2. a. Well never forget the days _we spent together. b. Well never forget the days _ we worked together. A. when B. in which C. that D. Which3. a. He has many books, some of _ are English.b. He has

18、many books and some of _ are English. A. them B. which C. what D. That4. a. He got lost in the forest, _ made matter worseb. He got lost in the forest and _ made matter worse.c. He got lost in the forest and _ made matter worse was that it was getting dark. A. which B. what C. it D. that5. a. _is we

19、ll known, the earth moves round the sun.b. It is well known to us _the earth moves round the sun.c. _is well known is that the earth moves round the sun. A. As B. Which C. What D. That6. a. This is all _I want to say.b. This is _I want to say. A. what B. whose C. that D. which7. Is this the watch yo

20、u want to _? A. have it repaired B. have repaired C. have it repairing D. have repairing8. a. This is such an interesting story _all the boys like to read.b. This is such an interesting story _all the boys like to read it. A. as B. that C. which D. /9.Water is a liquid, the boiling point _is 100oC.

21、A. which B. at which C. about which D. of which10.Everyone talked about the teacher and schools _he had visited. A. which B. whom C. that D. who11.He has another discovery, _of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B. which I think is C .I think which is D. which I think12.Who is the g

22、irl _ always wears a bright skirt? A. that B. who C. whom D. Which13. a. This is the way _you worked out the problem.b. This is the way _you thought of to work out the problem.c. This is the way _can be used to work out the problem. A. in which B. which C. that D. /高考英語典型陷阱題詳解1. The factory was buil

23、t in a secret place, around _ high mountains.A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認為是其后句子的主語?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘荂，around which were high mountains 是一個由"介詞+which"引出的非限制性定語從句，而在該從句中，主語是 high mountains，around which 是表語，所以句子謂語應用復數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was.請做以下類例題目（1） Yes

24、terday we visited a modern hospital, around _ some fruit shops.A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are（2） The murder happened in an old building, beside _ the city police station.A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are（3） Next month we'll move to a new building, next to _ a nice rest

25、aurant where we can have Chinese food.A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?"A. that B. which C. where D. what【陷阱】容易誤選 B，認為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hosp

26、ital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語。【分析】最佳答案為C。以上語法分析并不算錯，但問題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒有這樣一個醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語境顯然有點不合情理，因為人們通常是在醫(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為"在附近"；其后的 where 引導定語從句用以修飾其前的地點名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth

27、 once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認為此處應填一個形式主語。【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引導的是一個非限制性定語從句。比較下面一題：_ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What此題答案選 A，it 為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的 that 從句。再比較下面一組題（1） _ is mentioned above, the number of the s

28、tudents in senior school is increasing.A. Which B. As C. That D. It（2） _ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A. Which B. As C. That D. It4. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A. that B. who C. as D. whom【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，許多同學一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項中的

29、that，便認為這是考查such . that .句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。【分析】最佳答案為C，不是A，因為在such . that . （如此.以至.）結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導的是結(jié)果狀語從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當句子成分，若在上句填入 such . that .，句末的動詞 like 缺賓語。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導定語從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時 as 在定語從句中用作動詞 like 的賓語，句意為"所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩"。有的同學可能還會問，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因為當

30、先行詞受到 such 的修飾時，其后的定語從句應用關(guān)系代詞 as 來引導，而不用that.比較下面一題 David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him.A. that B. who C. as D. whom請再做以下試題：It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. like B. that C. which D. as5. The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

31、A. that B. it C. them D. which【陷阱】容易誤選 C，用 them 代指 the buses.【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 為非限制性定語從句，修飾 the buses.類似地：（1） His house, for _ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A. that B. it C. them D. which（2） Ashdown forest, through _ we'll be driving, isn't a forest any lon

32、ger.A. that B. it C. them D. which（3） This I did at nine o'clock, after _ I sat reading the paper.A. that B. it C. them D. which（4） George, with _ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A. that B. him C. them D. whom（5） Her sons, both of _ work abroad, will come back home this sum

33、mer.A. that B. who C. them D. whom（6） I met the fruit-pickers, several of _ were still university students.A. that B. who C. them D. whom6. He had thousands of students, many of _ gained great success in their own field.A. whom B. them C. which D. who【陷阱】容易誤選 B，用 them 代指 students.【分析】最佳答案是A，many of

34、whom gained great success in their own field 為非限制性定語從句。假若在many of. 的前面加上連詞and，則選答案B。比較以下各題：（1） He asked a lot of questions, none of _ was easy to answer.A. which B. them C. what D. that（2） He asked a lot of questions, and none of _ was easy to answer.A. them B. which C. what D. that（3） He told me th

35、at he had two girl-friends, neither of _ knew anything about the other.A. whom B. them C. which D. who（4） He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _ knew anything about the other.A. them B. whom C. which D. who7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whom

36、B. them C. which D. who【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認為這是非限制性定語從句。【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞 invited 并不是一個完整的謂語，而是一個過去分詞。當然，假若在 invited 前加上助動詞 were，則是一個非限制性定語從句，答案便應選A.比較：（1） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that（2） They put

37、 forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that（3） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the

38、park, _ parents seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that【陷阱】容易誤選B，認為這是非限制性定語從句?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢甘茿.與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞 seated 不是謂語，而是一個過去分詞，因為 seat 作動詞用時，是及物動詞。比較以下相似題：（1） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ p

39、arents were seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that（2） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that（3） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting togethe

40、r joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that（4） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that（5） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting together joking.A. their B. whose C. whi

41、ch D. that9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _ just shows how shallow he is.A. as B. which C. what D. that【陷阱】容易誤選A或B，誤這是非限制性定語從句。【分析】正確答案為D，注意逗號前是一個條件狀語從句，逗號后是該狀語從句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情況，用作主句的主語。（1） If you promise to go with us, _ will be OK. A. as B. which C. and it D. that（2） If you wa

42、nt a double room, _ will cost another 15.A. as B. which C. what D. that（3） Whether you go or not, _ is quite all right with me.A. that B. which C. and it D. so（4） When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating.A. as B. which C. what D. that10. She says that she'll never forget the time _ she&#

43、39;s spent working as a secretary in our company.A. which B. when C. how D. where【陷阱】容易誤選B，機械地認為時間名詞后必須用關(guān)系副詞when，地點名詞后用關(guān)系副詞 where.【分析】正確答案為A.在時間名詞和地點名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語從句中充當什么句子成分。一般說來，若用作主語或賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；若用作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動詞 spent 缺賓語，故應用關(guān)系代詞 which或that.比較下面一題She says that she'll never forget the time

44、 _ she works as a secretary in our company.A. which B. when C. how D. where請再做一組試題（答案均選A）：（1） Our company will move to a tall building _ we bought last month.A. which B. when C. how D. where（2） Our company will move to a tall building _ has just been complete.A. which B. when C. how D. where（3） Our

45、company will move to a tall building _ we worked two years ago.A. where B. when C. that D. which高考試題1.When I arrived , Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying .(13. II )A. what B. when C. where D. which 2. Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be prote

46、cted.(13. 北京)A. when B. which C. whose D. where 3. We have launched another man-made satellite , _ is announced in todays newspaper.(13. 天津)A. that B. which C. who D. what4.He may win the competition ,_ he is likely to get into the national team.( 13. 遼寧) A. in which case B. in that case C. in what

47、case D. in whose case5. There is no simple answer ,_ is often the case in science. (13. 山東)A. what B. whose C. which D. that 6. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. (13. 山東)A. when B. where C. which D. whom7.The president of the World Bank says he has a

48、 passion for China ,_he remembers staring as early as his childhood.(13,江蘇) A. where B. which C. what D.when8.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.(13，浙江) A. what B. where C.when D.why9.Mo Yan was awarded the

49、 Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,_made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come ture.(13,安徽) A. it B. that C. what D. which10._is often the case with the children , Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(13,陜西) A. It B. That C. What D. As11.Happiness and success often come to thos

50、e _are good at recognizing their own strengths.(13,湖南) A. whom B. who C. what D. which12.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _lives were affected.(13,福建) A. whose B. that C. who D. which13.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _they live.(13,四川) A. w

51、hat B. which C. when D. where14When I arrived ,Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying .(13,全國) A. when B. where C. which D. what15.When deeply absorbed in work,_ _he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.(12,北京) A.that B. which C. where D. when16.I wish to thank Professor Smith, with