高一英語(yǔ)外研版必修二全部語(yǔ)法及詳解

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流高一英語(yǔ)外研版必修二全部語(yǔ)法及詳解.精品文檔.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞很多表示物件、身體部位或某類人的名詞可以用作動(dòng)詞，某些抽象名詞也可用作動(dòng)詞。名詞和動(dòng)詞在轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)，有時(shí)不改變意思，有時(shí)意思也相應(yīng)地變化，在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中注意記憶總結(jié)。 1 名詞和動(dòng)詞在轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)， 有時(shí)不改變意思，有時(shí)也相應(yīng)地變化。eye n. 眼睛 .（用眼睛看）注釋，端詳 ship n. 船， v. 用船裝 help v. 幫助 n. 幫助 love v. 愛(ài) n. 愛(ài)picture 能畫(huà)， 照片 v. 用圖表示，描述2 有些名詞和動(dòng)詞在轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生元音改變或詞尾變化blood-blee

2、d sell-sale sing- song advise-advice bathe- bath believe- belief 3 Look at the verbs in bold. What are the nouns of these verbs?1）When Zhou Kais mother saw him heading towards the front door without a jacket on, she eyed him anxiously.2）Im not overweight so I never have to dietStep 3 Practice1 Compl

3、ete the sentences using the words as verbs.finger hand house mother tasteExample: Stop mothering me! Im not a child.1. This apartment _ six people and a dog.2. She _ the silk gently.3. It _ really delicious.4. Can you _ me those papers?2Complete the following sentences 1. Did you _（預(yù)定）a seat on a pl

4、ane yesterday?2. Please _ （遞）me the book.3. They _ (取名)their dog Bob.4. She _（護(hù)理；照顧）her aged mother every day.一般將來(lái)時(shí)(The future simple tense)1.一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Zhou kai, youll get ill.Ill buy you a toy.My sisters going to see you off.will和be going to都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的事情，區(qū)別如下：(1).單純談到將來(lái)的事情，沒(méi)有主觀因素，可用will.

5、It will become warm when spring comes.春天到來(lái)，天氣將會(huì)變暖。I will be twenty next month.下個(gè)月我就20歲了。(2).表示說(shuō)話人的推測(cè)，用will.She will be all right after taking the medicine.吃了這藥，她就會(huì)好的。That will be your house.那是你的家吧。(3).表示一種傾向，用will.Each time he comes to Beijing, he will visit the Great Wall.每次他來(lái)到北京，他都要游覽長(zhǎng)城。Without wa

6、ter, man will die.沒(méi)有水人會(huì)死。(4).表示說(shuō)話時(shí)決定馬上要做的動(dòng)作（多半是聽(tīng)了對(duì)方的話后所做出的反應(yīng)），用will.A: My chest hurts when I breathe.我呼吸時(shí)，胸部疼痛。B: Lie down please, and Ill examine you.請(qǐng)?zhí)上?，我給你檢查一下。(5).表示經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮或安排后的意思,即“打算做某事”，用going to do.My friend is in hospital now, but he is going to come out tomorrow. 我朋友現(xiàn)在醫(yī)院，但是他明天就要出院了。She has

7、borrowed some books from the library. She is going to make a careful study.她從圖書(shū)館借了一些書(shū)。她打算好好作番研究。(6)在口語(yǔ)中，表示將要發(fā)生的事情時(shí)，多用be going to .Whats going to happen? 將要發(fā)生什么事？Is there going to be a party tomorrow evening? 明天晚上有聚會(huì)嗎？(7)表示根據(jù)已有的、并被注意到的跡象將要發(fā)生的事情They are going to miss the train.他們要趕不上火車了。（說(shuō)話者注意到他們出發(fā)時(shí)已經(jīng)

8、太晚了）Look at those dark clouds; its going to rain.看那些烏云，要下雨了。(8).be going to可用于表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，will卻不能。If he is going to participate in the competition, hed better get prepared.如果他打算參加這個(gè)競(jìng)賽，他最好做好準(zhǔn)備。If we are going to start early, 5 oclock is ok. 如果我們計(jì)劃早出發(fā)，5點(diǎn)就可以。(9).will 可用于表示意愿、拒絕等的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。If Tom wont c

9、ome, we will lose the game.如果湯姆不愿意來(lái)，我們將輸?shù)暨@場(chǎng)比賽。If he will do something useful, he will save the boy.如果他愿意做些有益的事，他會(huì)就這個(gè)男孩的。Practice1Jim and Li Lei _（watch）the football match this evening2We are going to play ping-pong on Saturday（改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作否定回答） _ _ going to play ping-pong on Saturday？ _，we _3我叔叔今晚要來(lái)。 M

10、y uncle _ _ _4我們要討論這本書(shū)。 We _ _ _ _ _ this book5-Do you tell Julia about the result ?-Oh, no ,I forgot. I _her now.A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call6. Look at the dark clouds in the sky . I think it _rain.A will B shall C must D is going to 7. If he _be head teacher of this class

11、, I will not go to this class .A is going to B will C was to D should 8.- Write to me when you get home - _.A. I am going to B. I will C. I should D. I can9. That _ be Dr. Wangs clinic. Lets go and have a look.A. is going to B. will C. is not going to be D. will not. 10. My younger brother _be 15 ye

12、ars old next year. A. is going to B. will C. is to D. should 11. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached12 - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going13. If he

13、 _ to college, he _ a lot more. A. will go; will learn B. will go; is going to learn C. goes; will learn D. goes; is going to learn 14. - Sorry, I forgot to post the letter for you. - Never mind, _ post it myself tonight. A. Im going to B. I prefer to C. Ill D. Id rather15. -Write to me when you get

14、 home. - _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目1不定式作狀語(yǔ) 1)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)： He broke into the house to steal something Many drug addicts are now in treatment centres to stop taking drugs He's saving up to buy a new car He uses a computer to send emails 2)有時(shí)候在不定式前面加上in order to或so as to，否定式為in or

15、der not to和so as not to： Let's hurry so as to go to school in time Let's hurry so as not to be late for school She studied very hard in order to catch up with others She studied very hard in order not to lag behind 3)不定式表示目的時(shí)，通常它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，但如果不是的話，就要用for 結(jié)構(gòu)表示邏輯主語(yǔ)，如： Mom opened the door for

16、 Jane and Betty to come in We are now using the series “New Standard English” for students to make great progress 請(qǐng)注意以下結(jié)構(gòu)：It is so kind of you to come and help us (這時(shí)，you既是to come and help us又是kind的邏輯主語(yǔ)) 再如：It's rude of him to say so 4)不定式還可以作結(jié)果或原因狀語(yǔ)： 表結(jié)果： What have I done to get all this? She w

17、ent abroad never to return He was solate as to miss half of the lecture She is such a good student as to be respected by all her classmates The house is large enough to hold two hundred people He is too young to do the job 表原因： She was surprised to see us in the street of London He laughed to hear t

18、he news The old lady rejoiced to learn that her son was the champion of the match 2sothat和such(a，an)that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 1)sothat和such(a，an)that都引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，如： Some of them behave so badly that people call the police It was such a dangerous drug that he nearly died It was such loud music that we couldn't

19、hear ourselves speak 2)so的后面跟形容詞或副詞： The night scene of the lake was so beautiful that we didn't want to come back at all They played so happily that they forgot the time 3)such(a，an)后面跟名詞： They were such dangerous drug dealers that people had to ask the police for help It is such an interesting

20、 story that all of them like it 4)請(qǐng)注意本模塊語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目1.4中討論的某些不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的句子： He was so late as to miss half of the lecture She is such a good student as to be respected by all her classmates The house is large enough to hold two hundred people He is too young to do the job 我們可以把它們改變成結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句： He was so late that

21、 he missed half of the lecture She is such a good student that she is respected by all her classmates The house is so large that it can hold two hundred people He is so young that he can't do the joba. Now complete the sentences with so, as a result or as a result of. 1. Adam knew that taking dr

22、ugs was bad, _he stopped.2. He stopped taking drugs _meeting the doctor.3. Adam met a doctor who explained the problem. _he stopped taking cocaine.4. Crack cocaine is very addictive, _users cannot easily stop using it.5. He was extremely ill _taking crack cocaine.6. He became addicted to crack cocai

23、ne, _ he became very ill.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主要用于說(shuō)明主句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間,其類型頗多詳見(jiàn)如下歸納。1  When 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，when 的從句可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。He was working at the table when I went in . 當(dāng)我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候，她正在桌旁工作。I was watching TV when he came. 他來(lái)的時(shí)候我正在看電視。注意：when 也可以作并列連詞，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作即將或正在進(jìn)行或剛完成的時(shí)候，突然發(fā)生了另一件事。I was about to leave when the telep

24、hone rang. 我正要離開(kāi)，這是電話鈴響了。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我們正在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作，突然燈熄滅了。I had just gone to sleep when there was a knock at the door. 我剛?cè)胨陀腥饲瞄T2  While 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“與同時(shí)，在期間”。While 的從句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 當(dāng)我們正在討論問(wèn)題時(shí)，他

25、們沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.當(dāng)我正在玩電子游戲時(shí)，爸爸在清洗汽車。注意：while 還可以表示對(duì)比意義，意為“而；卻”。例如：Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary was dressed in red.珍妮穿著藍(lán)色的衣服，而瑪麗穿紅色的。3  As 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，作“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，一邊一邊”“隨著-”解，as 的從句中可使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可使用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：He sang as he was working.他一邊工作一邊唱歌。As

26、 time goes by, we have a better understanding of things around us.隨著時(shí)間的推移，我們對(duì)自己周圍的事務(wù)有了更好的理解。4 Before 和 after 引導(dǎo)的從句：前者一邊表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生早從句的動(dòng)作之前；后者表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。例如：I didnt know any English before I started school. 我上學(xué)之前，一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)都不懂I had cooked supper before my parents came back. 我父母回來(lái)之前，我就做好了晚飯。It wont be l

27、ong before we meet again. 我們不久就能見(jiàn)面。After he came out, he locked the door. 他出來(lái)后，就鎖上了門。5  Since 和 ever since 引導(dǎo)的從句：表示“自從以來(lái)”，從句一般表示動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)，用過(guò)去時(shí)。主句表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)的情況，一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如果主句表示的是時(shí)間，主句可用一邊現(xiàn)在時(shí)，也可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)since+過(guò)去時(shí)（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）“自從以來(lái)”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)since+過(guò)去時(shí) （延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）“自（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞結(jié)束以來(lái)”Since he came here ,

28、 he has made a lot of friends.他來(lái)這里以后，已交了許多朋友。He has been working here ever since he left university.自從大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后，他就一直在這里工作。She has lived alone since her husband died.自丈夫去世后她就一直獨(dú)自生活。I have been wearing glasses since I was three.我三歲以后一直戴眼鏡。It is ten years since he smoked.他戒煙十年了語(yǔ)法二 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞had 加過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)

29、成，主要表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，也可以說(shuō)時(shí)“過(guò)去時(shí)間的過(guò)去”。其被動(dòng)形式為“had + been + p.p” 例如：By the end of last term, we had learned more than 3,000 English words. 到上個(gè)學(xué)期末為止我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了3000 多個(gè)單詞了。注意：如果句中出現(xiàn)了表示過(guò)去的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，句子的內(nèi)容可為過(guò)去的實(shí)際情況或句子中的內(nèi)容為歷史事實(shí)時(shí)，句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the Americ

30、an continent.在表示某人過(guò)去未曾完成的“心愿，打算，計(jì)劃，想法，許諾”等等時(shí)，hope , mean ,plan, want ,promise , intend 等位于動(dòng)詞必須用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：I had planned to offer you some help in your shop, but suddenly my mother fell ill yesterday. 昨天我原本計(jì)劃在你的店里幫一些忙的，但是我媽媽突然病了。He had hoped to spend the important day with us last Sunday , but he was t

31、oo busy then. 上星期他原本很想與我們一起度過(guò)這個(gè)重要的日子，可是他當(dāng)時(shí)實(shí)在太忙了1、通過(guò)討論下列例題復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1)When did he leave the classroom? He left _ you turned back to write on the blackboard.A. the time B. the moment C. until D. since2) Have you known each other for long? Not very, _we started to work in the ABC Motor Company.A. before

32、B. since C. when D. after3) I didnt make great progress in my English study _ my teacher had given me some advice on how to learn the language well. A. unless B. before C. until D. when4). That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. when B. that C. before D. since5)

33、Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until 2、通過(guò)討論下列例題歸納出because, as , since, for的用法區(qū)別以及now that的用法。6) _ Youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C . Although D. As soon as7) He fou

34、nd it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. though B. for C. but D. so 8) Did you return Freds call? I didnt need to _Ill see him tomorrow.A. though B. unless C. whenD. because9）_ you know it, I won't repeat it. A. For B. Because of C. Since D. Till10) May I go

35、 and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?No, you cant go out _ your work is being done.”A. before             B. until C. as            D. the momentbecause, as , since, for歸納：_3、通過(guò)用不同的句

36、型翻譯該句，復(fù)習(xí)so/suchthat等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。他是一個(gè)如此可愛(ài)的男孩，以至于人人都非常喜歡他。_._._.典例評(píng)析： 1._ everyone else wouldnt go to the mountain area, he went without a second thought.A. As long as B. While C. Where D. In spite of2. Are you ready for Spain? Yes, I want the girls to experience that _ they are young A. while B. until C.

37、 if D. before鞏固分層練習(xí)：(一）必做題1) Its going to rain, _ the clouds are gathering.A. for B. because C. since D. as2）_ there are only five minutes to go, Ill talk about the project in short. A. As if B. Even if C. Because of D. Now that3）Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea.

38、 A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that4） We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the railway station. A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever5）The doorkeeper gave the alarm _ he saw the smoke.A. while B. the instant C. suddenly D. before（二）選做題1. _ the Internet is

39、 of great help. I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As 2. I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A. since B. while C. when D. as 3. Why do you want a new job _ youve got such a good one alre

40、ady? A. that B. where C. which D. when. Best choice:1. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _ heard of her.A. even B. ever C. just D. never 2. Theres _ I want to tell you. A. something new B. new something C. the something new D. the new something 3. You know _ about it than Tom doe

41、s. A. even little B. even less C. more little D. more less 4. The old gentleman has _ been to the Great Wall before, has he? A. always B. already C. ever D. not 5. They have produced _ they did last year. A. twice more grain as B. twice as much grain as C. twice as many grain as D. as twice many gra

42、in as 6. The teacher wondered why _ many students had made _ careless mistakes. A. so; so B. so; such C. such; so D. such; such 7. Ive got _ work to do on a _ cold day. A. much too; much too B. too much; too much C. too much; much too D. much too; too much 8. - Have you been to New Zealand? - No, Id

43、 like to, _ . A. too B. though C. yet D. either 9. - Do you often go to the cinema? - No, _ . Ive been writing a novel this year. A. often B. frequently C. occasionally D. nearly 10. - Where did you spend your holiday last year?- I stayed _ and then returned home.A. for one week in the countryside q

44、uietlyB. in the countryside quietly for one weekC. in the countryside for one week quietlyD. quietly for one week in the countryside 11. - I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.- You can never be _ careful in the street.A. much B. very C. so D. too 12. W

45、e all write _, even when theres not much to say. A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less 13. - _ do you visit your grandparents? - Once a month. A. Hoe long B. How soon C. How much D. How often 14. He _ gets up very early, but today he is very late. It is quite _. A. usually; un

46、usual B. usual; unusually C. unusual; usual D. usually; unusually 15. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker. A. as fluent B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than. Complete the sentences using “l(fā)oudly”, “l(fā)oud” or “aloud”:1. The teacher asked him to re

47、ad the text _.2. Could you speak a little _?3. The two boys are arguing _.接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞【速記口訣】同意提出學(xué)會(huì)的打算，要求答應(yīng)來(lái)幫忙。準(zhǔn)備決定遭拒絕，敢于設(shè)法有希望。未能做到莫假裝，選擇破釜沉舟當(dāng)自強(qiáng)。offer(提出)， learn(學(xué)會(huì))， intend， plan(打算)， demand， ask(要求)， promise (答應(yīng))， help (幫忙)， prepare (準(zhǔn)備)， decide， determine (決定)， refuse (拒絕)， dare(敢于)， manage(設(shè)法)， wis

48、h， hope want， expect(希望，想要)， fail， pretend (假裝)， choose(甘愿)接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞【速記口訣】建議停止享受-想象完成逃跑(suggest， advise， stop， resist， enjoy， imagine， finish， escape)承認(rèn)借口-推遲實(shí)踐(admit， excuse， delay， practice)認(rèn)為應(yīng)該保持頭腦清醒-懂得避免冒險(xiǎn)(consider， keep， mind， understand， avoid， miss， risk)(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示一般的，抽象概念；而動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，表示具體的特

49、定情景下或有待于完成的動(dòng)作。如： To finish such a long novel will take me several days(“to finish such a long novel”表示具體的、尚未完成的動(dòng)作) Swimming is good for health，but to swim in such a polluted river is harmful to health(“to swim in such a polluted river”指特定情景下的動(dòng)作) (2)當(dāng)it為形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩者?？梢曰ビ谩Ｈ纾?Its difficult to make the air

50、clean Its difficult making the air clean (3)necessary，important等詞后只用不定式。如： It is necessary to spend enough time on English if you want to learn it well It is important to keep our classroom clean (4)no use，no good，a waste of time后常用動(dòng)名詞。如： It is no use crying It is no good cheating in the examsIt is

51、a waste of time reading a silly book like thisModule 3 Music本模塊重點(diǎn)句型(必背句子)1.   Having worked there for 30 years, Haydon moved to London, where he was very successful.在那里工作了30年后，海頓移居倫敦，在倫敦他非常成功。Move to a place 搬家至某地Having worked為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主動(dòng)詞之前。如：Having lived there for years, he g

52、ot used to the life there.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞的否定是在分詞前否定，如：Not having heard from her parents, she decided to write again. Verb+ing 稱為現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，也可作狀語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示的時(shí)間概念與主動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：Walking through the streets , he caught sight of a tailors shop.相當(dāng)于When / While he was walking through the street（動(dòng)作與主動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生）Hearing the news , he jumped up with joy.相當(dāng)于As soon as he heard the news（動(dòng)作與主動(dòng)詞幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生）By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsi