中考人教版二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案專(zhuān)題8—動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、中考人教版二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案專(zhuān)題8動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)導(dǎo)學(xué)案精講必備考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)考點(diǎn)二一般過(guò)去時(shí)考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)四過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)五一般將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)六現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)七過(guò)去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)八過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)考點(diǎn)九非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換考點(diǎn)十時(shí)態(tài)的疑難點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞形式構(gòu)成方法例詞原形詞典中一般給出的動(dòng)詞形式。gettaketeachdotrystudy第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s。get-getstakeftakes以s,x,o,sh,ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加-es。dofdoesteachfteaches以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i,再在詞尾加-es。studyfstudies

2、try一tries不規(guī)則變化havefhasbe一is現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾力口-ing。dofdoingteachfteaching以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e再在詞尾力口-ing。takeftakingmove-moving以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，呈現(xiàn)“輔、元、輔”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞，先雙寫(xiě)最舟-個(gè)輔音字母，再在詞尾力口-ing。stopfstoppingswim一swimming以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把ie改為y,再在詞尾加-ingodie一dyingtie-tying過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞（規(guī)則變化）一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed。watchfwatchedplantfplanted以不發(fā)

3、音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-dolikelikedmovefmoved以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i,再在詞尾加-edostudyfstudiedcarryfcarried重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔首子母，再在詞尾加-edostopfstoppedshopfshopped過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞am/is一wasare一were（不規(guī)則變化）dofdidlet一let不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成原形特征過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep->kept,kept-ell-old-oldsellfsold一sold-end-ent-entlend一>len

4、t-lent-ay-aid-aidsay一said一said-n-nt-ntburn-,burntfburnt-eak-oke-okenbreakbrokefbroken-eal-ole-olensteal,stole->stolen-ear-ore-ornwear-*worefworn-i-a-uswimfswam一swum-i-o-ndrivefdrovefdriven注意:大部分的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成是沒(méi)有規(guī)律可循的，需要單獨(dú)記憶。同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候一定要多加注意。考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)I.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1 .表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中常有always,u

5、sually,often,sometimes,everyday,twiceaweek,nowadays等表示頻度的副詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Mygrandmothergetsupearlyeveryday.我奶奶每天早上都起得很早。2 .表示客觀(guān)事實(shí)或普遍真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。3 .有時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)），但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等。Themeetingbeginsatseven.會(huì)議7點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。4 .表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)

6、詞如be,like,hate,think,remember,find,sound,feel,taste等，常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Thestorysoundsveryinteresting.這個(gè)故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有意思。5 .某些以here或there開(kāi)頭的句子中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Herecomesthebus.公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。6 .在含時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，若主語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。I'llringyouupifhecomesbacktomorrow.如果他明天回來(lái)的話(huà)我給你打電話(huà)。n.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.主語(yǔ)（第三

7、人稱(chēng)單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式+其他.否定句：主語(yǔ)+don't/doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+do/does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？【典例精析】1.Nowadays,eachofthestudentsanewdictionaryinthecountryside.A.hasB.hadC.have考點(diǎn)二一般過(guò)去時(shí)I.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。HesawMr.Hanyesterdayafternoon.他昨天下午看見(jiàn)韓先生了。n.一般過(guò)去時(shí)

8、的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他.否定句：主語(yǔ)+didnt+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?【典例精析】1. Whatthenoise,Bill?Sorry,Ibrokemyglass.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe2. Theschoolboytotheblindmanonhiswayhomeyesterdayafternoon.A.apologizesB.apologizedC.willapologizeD.hasapologized考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)I.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行

9、的動(dòng)作。通常與new,thisweek,atthismoment,rightnow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；也可以與一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間連用；還可以用look或listen提醒聽(tīng)者注意正在發(fā)生的事。Jimisreadingabookinhisroomnow.吉姆正在他的房間里看書(shū)。n.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be(is/am/are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.否定句：主語(yǔ)+be(is/am/are)+not+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?注意:表示感覺(jué)、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞如have，be，hear，like等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)?！镜?/p>

10、例精析】Millie,whereisMissLi?SheaspeechonChinesearttothefirstyearstudentsinthehall.A.givesB.gaveC.isgivingD.hasgiven考點(diǎn)四過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)I.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。HewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.我進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，他正在看小說(shuō)。n.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.否定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞.一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?特

11、殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?【典例精析】Linda,Icalledyouthismorning,butnobodyansweredthephone.Imsorry.Ifootballwithmyfriendsthen.A.playB.playedC.amplayingD.wasplaying考點(diǎn)五一般將來(lái)時(shí)1. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Wearegoingtohaveameetingtomorrow.我們準(zhǔn)備明天開(kāi)會(huì)。n.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.主語(yǔ)+beg

12、oingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.否定句：主語(yǔ)+will/shall+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.主語(yǔ)+benot+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Will/Shall+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?Be+主語(yǔ)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+will/shall+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?【典例精析】Mr.Green,afamouswriter,ourschoolnextweek.A.visitedB.visitC.wasvisitingD.willvisit注意：某些動(dòng)詞（如come，go，leave，arrive，start

13、，get，stay等）一般不用于begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)中，而用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。考點(diǎn)六現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1. 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或在說(shuō)話(huà)之前已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Already和yet常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。already用于肯定句，可放在助動(dòng)詞之后、過(guò)去分詞之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑問(wèn)句中，意為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中表示“還”，常放在句末。HehasgonetoGuangdongalready.他已經(jīng)去廣東了。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去，常與“for+一段時(shí)間”和“since+表過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子”連用。He

14、hasstudiedEnglishfor5years.他已經(jīng)學(xué)5年英語(yǔ)了。3. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（如come，go，die，marry，buy等）的完成時(shí)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。因此需要將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如diefbedead,open/close-beopen/closed等。n.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他.否定句：主語(yǔ)+havent/hasnt+過(guò)去分詞+其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他?【典例精析】1. Whyareyoustandinghere,Mrs

15、.White?Imwaitingformyson.Hebackfromschool.A.hasntcomeB.wontcomeC.doesntcomeA.does2. MissLinalotofworkforthepoorareasince2010.B.didC.hasdoneD.willdo3. TheDongying-Hainanairlineforabout5months.Ihavetakentheflightsthreetimes.A.isopenB.hasopenedC.hasbeenopenD.hasbeenopenedm.易混詞辨析have/hasgoneto&have/

16、hasbeen/to/in用法例句have/hasgoneto指“已去了某地"，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)當(dāng)事人不在對(duì)話(huà)發(fā)生的地方；或在去某地或從某地回來(lái)的途中；或已到達(dá)某地。JimhasgonetoLondon.吉姆去倫敦了。（可能在去倫敦的路上，也可能已經(jīng)到了倫敦，也可能在從倫敦回來(lái)的路上。）have/hasbeento指“曾去過(guò)某地”，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)當(dāng)事人已經(jīng)從該地回來(lái)或已從該地去了其他地方。JimhasbeentoLondontwice.吉姆去過(guò)兩次倫敦。（去過(guò)倫敦，但現(xiàn)在不在那里。）have/hasbeenin指“已在某地待了一段時(shí)間（如果要表示在某個(gè)小地方待了一段時(shí)間，要將in換為at）”。后面跟副

17、詞時(shí)，要把介詞去掉。JimhasbeeninLondonfortwoyears.吉姆已經(jīng)在倫敦待J兩年了?！镜淅觥縄sJamesathome?-No,heYa'antobeavolunteer.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.isgoingto考點(diǎn)七過(guò)去完成時(shí)I.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。概括地講即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句中一般都有一個(gè)或暗含一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作與其做比較，使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在該過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前。句中常用by,before,until,bythetime等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Bytheendof

18、lastyear,wehadbuiltfivenewhouses.到去年為止，我們已經(jīng)建了5座房子。n.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+其他.否定句：主語(yǔ)+hadn't+過(guò)去分詞+其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他？【典例精析】-Whywashelateforschoolyesterday?-Heoverslept.Bythetimehegottothebusstop,thebusalready.A.was;leavingB.has;leftC.would;leaveD.had;left考點(diǎn)八過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)I

19、.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。此時(shí)態(tài)多用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“should或would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。也可用“was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。第一人稱(chēng)用should,其他人稱(chēng)用would.Theyweresurethattheywouldsucceed.他們確信他們會(huì)成功。.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的句式構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)否定句：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)一般疑問(wèn)句：+should/would+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.+was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.+should/wouldnot+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.+was/werenot+goingt

20、o+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.Should/Would+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+should/would+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?【典例精析】WhatdidYangYingsay?ShesaidtheyA.willhaveB.hadaschooltripthenextweekend.C.wouldhaveD.have考點(diǎn)九非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如果要與時(shí)間段連用，我們要將句中的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性或

21、狀態(tài)性動(dòng)詞。試比較下面的句子：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.(x)Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.(，)他去世三年了。Shehasjoinedtheleaguefortwoyears.(x)Shehasbeenintheleaguefortwoyears.(V)Shehasbeenaleaguememberfortwoyears.(V)她入團(tuán)兩年了。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：buyfhavediefbedeadbegin/startfbeonfinishfbeovergettoknowfknowgoto-betocomeherefbehereborr

22、owfkeepleavefbeawaybecomefbegetupfbeupgetillfbeillcometobein/atcatchacoldfhaveacoldjoinfbein/beamemberofgetmarriedfbemarriedgetintouchwithfkeepintouchwithfallinlovewithfbeinlovewithIhavehadthisdictionaryforthreemonths.我買(mǎi)了這本字典三個(gè)月了。（不能用havebought）Ihavekeptthemagazinefortwoweeks.我持有（借）這本雜志兩個(gè)月了。（不能用have

23、borrowed）Hehasbeenawayfromhishometownforovertwentyyears.他離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)20多年了。（不能用hasleft）Hurryup!Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.快！電影還有5分鐘就要開(kāi)始了。（不能用hasbegun/started）Theimportantmeetinghasbeenoverfortwodays.那場(chǎng)重要的會(huì)議已經(jīng)結(jié)束兩天了。（不能用hasfinished）Theyhavebeenmarriedforfiftyyears.他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚55年了。（不能用havegotmarried）注意：如果非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

24、的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是否定式則可與段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)動(dòng)作并沒(méi)有發(fā)生。Wehaven'tseeneachothersincewepartedtheyearbeforelast.我們自從前年分開(kāi)以后就再也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面。Ihaven'theardfromMr.Smithforalongtime.我很久沒(méi)有收到過(guò)史密斯先生的信了?？键c(diǎn)十時(shí)態(tài)的疑難點(diǎn)有些時(shí)態(tài)檢測(cè)題沒(méi)有明確的“時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”或“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”信息。解答這類(lèi)題時(shí)，必須通過(guò)仔細(xì)觀(guān)察，據(jù)理分析、判斷，尋找出“暗含”的時(shí)間來(lái)確定上下句之間的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系?！镜淅觥?. 一Haveyouhadyourbreakfastyet?-Yes.Mumit

25、forme.A.wascookingB.iscookingC.willcookD.cooked2. Look,somanypassengerswiththeirsmartphonesontheunderground.A.playedB.willplayC.areplayingD.haveplayed3. Samopenedthedoorandalovelydogoutside.A.findsB.foundC.hasfoundD.willfind精講必備考點(diǎn)（語(yǔ)態(tài)）考點(diǎn)一主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)二主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)考點(diǎn)三被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況考點(diǎn)四語(yǔ)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)綜合考查考點(diǎn)五含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)六不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

26、的情況考點(diǎn)七被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式叫主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式叫被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)be來(lái)表現(xiàn)。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)is/am/are+過(guò)去分詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was/were+過(guò)去分詞一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)willbe+過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have/hasbeen+過(guò)去分詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)can/may/must/need/should+be+過(guò)去分詞考點(diǎn)一主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2.

27、 把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，其人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要隨著主語(yǔ)的變化而變化，但時(shí)態(tài)不變。3. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，若主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞，則把主格變?yōu)橘e格（by短語(yǔ)可以省略）。考點(diǎn)二主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)1. 不及物動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)連用，用以表示主語(yǔ)的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等。Thebooksellswell.這本書(shū)賣(mài)得很好。2. look,sound,taste,smell等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義。Thepearstastenice.那些梨味道很好。3. 不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

28、Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.那個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。4. “have/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”也可以表示被動(dòng)。Illhavemyhaircut.我要（去）理發(fā)。5. 在need后面，主動(dòng)的V-ing形式表被動(dòng)。Yourflowersneedwatering.你的花該澆水了?？键c(diǎn)三被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況1. make，see，watch，hear，notice，feel等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中與省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，必須加上to。Ioftenseetheoldmanruninthemorning.fTheoldmanisoftenseento

29、runinthemorning.我經(jīng)常看見(jiàn)刃B個(gè)老人早晨跑步。2. beworthdoing中的doing表被動(dòng)意義。Thisbookisworthreading.這本書(shū)值得一讀。3. want/need/required+doing相當(dāng)于want/need/required+tobedone，其中tobedone表示不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberequired.我的自行車(chē)需要修理。4. 一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)應(yīng)視為一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。Thelittledogmustbelookedafterwell

30、.那只小狗必須得到很好的照顧?？键c(diǎn)四語(yǔ)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)綜合考查考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，選項(xiàng)中常以主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作為干擾點(diǎn)，并同時(shí)檢測(cè)時(shí)態(tài)。解這類(lèi)題時(shí)對(duì)語(yǔ)態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)必須同時(shí)考慮?！镜淅觥緾anyousingtheEnglishsong?Yes,alittle.Itontheradioyesterday.A.taughtB.istaughtC.wastaught考點(diǎn)五含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其時(shí)態(tài)主要是“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”和“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”。含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”，其中be不可用其他詞替換?！镜淅觥縄tsdifficulttogettotheothersideoft

31、heriver.Ithinkabridgeovertheriver.A.shouldbebuiltB.shouldbuildC.willbuildD.hasbuilt考點(diǎn)六不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1 .主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是eachother或反身代詞時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Wight.那個(gè)人自我介紹說(shuō)是懷特先生。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）TheyhelpeachotherstudyEnglish.他們互相幫助學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）2 .主動(dòng)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Wewillhaveameeting.我們將要開(kāi)一個(gè)會(huì)。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）3 .主動(dòng)句的賓

32、語(yǔ)是不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Heaskedtohaveatry.他請(qǐng)求試一試。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）MybrotherenjoyswatchingTV.我弟弟喜歡看電視。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）考點(diǎn)七被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別1 .被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受著，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。Theshopisclosedat9:00pm.這個(gè)商店晚上9點(diǎn)關(guān)門(mén)。（動(dòng)作）Theshopisclosedtoday.這個(gè)商店今天沒(méi)開(kāi)門(mén)。（狀態(tài)）2 .系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞常有固定的介詞搭配，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中則沒(méi)有。MissWangissatisfiedwithus.王老師對(duì)我們很滿(mǎn)意。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）3 .系表結(jié)

33、構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞可以被副詞修飾。She'ssoworriedaboutherexams.她非常擔(dān)心她的考試。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）4 .系表結(jié)構(gòu)通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)則可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。中考題型專(zhuān)練之語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)（動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)）考點(diǎn)一：在語(yǔ)境中將語(yǔ)態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合【經(jīng)典習(xí)題】（）1.ThedoctorlookedoverJohncarefullyafterhetothehospital.A.istakingB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken（）2.Look!Whatanicegarden!-Yes.Iteveryday.A.hasbeencleanedB.isclea

34、nedC.isbeingcleanedD.wascleaned（）3.Idon'tthinksixteear-oldsshouldtodriveontheirown.A.allowB.beallowingC.beallowedD.notallow（）4.Thetaskinanhour.Thenyoucangohomeandhaveagoodrest.A.willbefinishedB.wasfinishedC.hasfinishedD.willfinish（）5.-Haveyoumovedintoyournewapartment?-Notyet.It.A.isbeingpaintedB

35、.isbeingpaintingC.ispaintingD.ispainted（）6.Whatgoodnews!Thethiefbythepolicealready.A.iscaughtB.caughtC.hascaughtD.hasbeencaught【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)表示句中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式”構(gòu)成。考點(diǎn)二：使用語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)【經(jīng)典習(xí)題】()1.Theyoungmanwasoftenseenbythelake.A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew()2.-

36、Excuseme.IwanttobuysomeofJay'sCDs.Sorry,theyare.Butwe'llgetsomemorenextweekbecausethey.A. soldwell;areonsaleB. sellingwell;sellwellC. soldout;sellwellD. soldout;wereonsale()3.InmanyplacesofChina,oldpeoplenotonlybytheirfamilybutalsobythelocalgovernments.A. aretakinggoodcareB. aretakengoodcare

37、C. aretakinggoodcareofD. aretakengoodcareof()4.Greatchangesinmyhometown.Manytallbuildings.A. havetakenplace;havesetupB. havetakenplace;havebeensetupC. weretakenplace;weresetupD. havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup()5.Thisdresssmoothandsoft.Iwouldliketobuyit.A.feltB.isbeingfeltC.isfeltD.feels【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

38、中make,see,watch,hear等后作賓補(bǔ)的不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，在改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，需要補(bǔ)出動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to。 feel,look,smell,sound,taste等感官動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 當(dāng)sell,open,lock,write,burn,drive,wash等詞的主語(yǔ)為物時(shí)，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如happen,last,rise,fall,appear,comeout,takeplace等。 將短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作為整體看待，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)必須保持其完整性，如handin,talkabout,useup,p

39、ayattentionto,takecareof,makeuseof,makefunof等短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其中的介詞或副詞不可漏掉。一、英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)試卷1 .閱讀理解My10-year-oldDonnasaid,“Mom,Ihadanewfriendatschooltoday.Canshecomeovertomorrow?"wasashygirlandIwantedhertomakesomefriendstobringheroutofhershell.“Sure,honey,thatsoundsgreat,said,thinkingbacktomyownbestfr

40、iend,Lillian.WelivedacrossthestreetfromeachotherinWashingtonHeights,NewYork.Wemetattheageof10,too.Likemydaughter,Iwasshy,butLilliandrewmeout.Shewasoneofthefriendliestpeopleinschool,withshinyblackhairandamile-widesmile.Inseniorhighschool,LillianwentonatriptoFlorida.Thiswasthefirsttimewehadtobeawayfro

41、meachotherforafewdays."I'llbebacksoon,"shetoldme.Butthreedayslater,Lillian'ssistertoldmethatshehadfallenintoariverandhadn'tcomeoutanymore.Soon,myfamilymovedtoNewJersey.WheneverIthoughtofher,tearscameintomyeyes.ThenextdayDonnabroughthernewfriendhome."Hi,Mrs.Loggia,"the

42、littlegirlsaid.Herhairwassoshinyblackandsheshotmeabigsmile."MynameisLaura.”Mydaughter'snewfriendwassomuchlikeLillian.Iwasstillpuzzled(迷惑)whenLaura'smomcametopickheruplaterthatafternoon.Iopenedthedoortoletherin."Judyshecried."me,Lillian'ssister,fromWashingtonHeights."Y

43、es,myteaufriendlookedfamiliar.ShewasLillian'sniece.(1) Theunderlinedwordsinthefirstparagraph“tobringheroutofhershe."meanA.tohelpherbecomelessshyB.tohelpherbecomesmartC.tohelpherlivehappilyD.tohelpherwalkoutofherhouse(2) Lauralookedfamiliartothewriterbecauseshe_.A.wasLillian'snieceB.wasa

44、soldasherdaughterC.wasfromWashingtonHeightsD.hadshinyblackhairandabigsmile,too(3) Whydidthewriterloseherbestfriend?Because_.A.shemovedtoNewJerseyB.theyweredifferentfromeachotherC.herbestfriendtravelledtoFloridaD.herbestfriendlostherlifeonatrip(4) “Iknewwewouldbebestfriendsforever."isasentencefr

45、omthepassageandshouldbeputattheendof.A.Paragraph2B.Paragraph3C.Paragraph4D.Paragraph5(5) Wecaninfer(推斷)fromthepassagethat.A.thewriterisoutgoingnowB.LaurahelpsDonnaalotC.LauraandDonnaareofthesameageD.JudymovedtoNewJerseybecauseofLillian'sdeath【答案】(1)AA(3)D（5）A【解析】【分析】大意：本文主要講的是女兒Donna邀請(qǐng)朋友Laura來(lái)家里

46、做客的事情讓媽媽想起了自己小時(shí)候的朋友的故事。（1）推斷題。根據(jù)句子Donnawasashygirl可知，作者想讓唐娜通過(guò)結(jié)交朋友而變得活潑開(kāi)朗。故選A。（2）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Yes,mydaughter'sfriendlookedfamiliar.ShewasLillian'sniece.可知，勞拉看起來(lái)很眼熟是因?yàn)樗亲髡吲笥训闹杜?。故選A。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由句子Lillian'ssistertoldmethatshehadfallenintoariverandhadn'tcomeoutanymore.可知，作者的好朋友在去旅游的時(shí)候，掉進(jìn)河里失去了生命。故選

47、D。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了作者童年朋友Lillian，可知此處放Iknewwewouldbebestfriendsforever.我們會(huì)是永遠(yuǎn)的朋友結(jié)尾非常合適。故選A。（5）推斷題。根據(jù)Likemydaughter,Iwasshy,butLilliandrewmeout.可知，作者過(guò)去很害羞，現(xiàn)在很外向。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題兩種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息。2 閱讀理解Awealthymanaskedanoldscholartotellhissonawayfromhisbadhabi

48、ts.Thescholartooktheyoungmanforawalkthroughagarden.Stoppingsuddenly,hetoldtheboytopulloutatinyplantgrowingthere.Theyoungmanmadeiteasily.Theoldmanthenaskedhimtopulloutalittlebiggerplant.Theyoungmanpulledhardandtheplantcameoutwithitsroots.“Nowpulloutthatone,”saidtheoldman,pointintree.Theboyhadtouseall

49、hisstrengthtopullitout.“ Nowtakethisoneout,”olsdamidathne,pointingatabigorangetree.Theyoungmanheldthetrunk（樹(shù)干）andtriedtopullitout.Butitwouldnotmove.“It'simpossible喘息”,）swaidthththeebeofyfo,rpt.anting（“ Soitiswithbadhabits,”saidtheoldman.“gW,hiteisnethaesyatorepyuolluthnemout.Butwhentheygodeeply,

50、theycannotbeuprooted.”Theconversationwiththeoldmanchangedtheboy'slife.（ 1） Thescholaraskedtheyoungmantotakeawalkwithhiminthe.A.forestB.parkC.gardenD.school（ 2） Thescholaraskedtheyoungmantopulloutplantsfortimes.A.fourB.twoC.threeD.five（ 3） Accordingtothepassage,thescholarmustbe.A.astupidmanB.alaz

51、ymanC.awisemanD.afunnyman（ 4） Thispassagemainlytalksabout.A. weneedexercisemoretopulltreesoutB. howtogetawayfrombadhabitsC. talkingwithascholarisveryimportantD. theearliergettingawayfrombadhabits,thebetter【答案】(1)CA(3) C(4) D【解析】【分析】短文大意：一個(gè)富人請(qǐng)求一位智者去除兒子的壞習(xí)慣。智者把這個(gè)孩子帶到了公園，要求這個(gè)年輕人先后四次拔出植物，由易到難，去除壞習(xí)慣也是如此，

52、當(dāng)它們還不明顯的時(shí)候，去除它們很容易，但是當(dāng)它們深深扎根的時(shí)候，就難以去除了。智者的這堂特殊的課改掉了孩子的壞習(xí)慣，改變了男孩的一生。(1) C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段中的句子“Thescholartooktheyoungmanforawalkthroughagarden."可知，智者讓青年人在花園里與他一起散步，故答案為Co(2) A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文中出現(xiàn)的句子topulloutatinyplant,topulloutalittlebiggerplant.Nowpulloutthatone,saidtheoldman,pointingtoalittletree."N

53、owtakethisoneout,“saidtheoldman,pointingatbigorangetree.可知.智者要求這個(gè)年輕人先后四次拔出植物。故答案為A。(3) C推理判斷題。智者要求這個(gè)年輕人先后四次拔出植物，由易到難，去除壞習(xí)慣也是如此，當(dāng)它們還不明顯的時(shí)候，去除它們很容易，但是當(dāng)它們深深扎根的時(shí)候，就難以去除了。智者的這堂特殊的課改掉了孩子的壞習(xí)慣，改變了男孩的一生，足以說(shuō)明智者的聰明之處，故答案選Co(4) D主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文倒數(shù)第二段智者的話(huà)："Soitiswithbadhabits,"saidtheoldman."Whentheyare

54、young,itiseasytopullthemout.Butwhentheygodeeply,theycannotbeuprooted.可知，壞習(xí)慣要及早的去除，越早遠(yuǎn)離壞習(xí)慣，越好。故答案為Do【點(diǎn)評(píng)】主旨大意題(主題、標(biāo)題)在閱讀理解中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)。第四小題適合用捕捉主旨大意來(lái)解題。所謂主旨大意，也就是文章的中心思想，主題思想，中心觀(guān)點(diǎn)，它常常針對(duì)文章的主題，作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，文章段落的中心思想進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，這類(lèi)題也叫歸納概括題。文中智者用拔植物的難易來(lái)類(lèi)比壞習(xí)慣的去除也是如此。當(dāng)它們還不明顯的時(shí)候，去除它們很容易，但是當(dāng)它們深深扎根的時(shí)候，就難以去除了。也就是說(shuō)越早遠(yuǎn)離壞習(xí)慣越好。答案為Do3

55、 .閱讀理解ThenAlicesawasmallglasstable.Therewasalittlegoldenkeyonit.Shepickeditandputitinallthelocksonthedoorsbutitdidn'topenanyofthem.Shemovedacurtainononeofthewallsanddiscoveredanotherdoor,averysmallone.Sheputthekeyinthelock.Itwasexactlytherightsize!Sheopenedthedoorandlookedthroughit.Attheendofalo

56、wpassageshesawabeautifulgarden.Itwasfullofbrightlycolouredflowersandfountains."Oh,howbeautiful!"shesaid."I'dlovetogotherebutI'mtoobigtogetthroughthedoor."Shewalkedbacktothetable.Therewasabottleonitnow."I'msurethatbottlewasn'ttherebefore,"shesaid,alittlec

57、onfused.Sheputdownthekeyandpickedupthebottle.Shereadthewords"DRINKME"onit.Alicewasn'tastupidgirl.Shedidn'tdrinkitimmediately.Firstshelookedatthebottlecarefully.Therewasn'talabelonitthatsaid"POISON".Sosheputthebottletoherlipsanddrank."Mmm,ifsnice,"shesaid.Ittastedlikecherrytart,pineapple,roastturkeyandtoast-allthethingsthatshelikedtoeat-soshedranksomemore.Andsomemore.Soonthebottlewa