語法(二)動(dòng)詞不定式

1、8A英語語法（二）動(dòng)詞不定式.動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成不定式的基本形式：to+動(dòng)詞原形。這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無詞義。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not+ to +動(dòng)詞原形。不定式具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語，但它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 二.動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能成分例句說明主語To speak English is not easy for us.= It ' not easy for us to speak En glish.不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it做形式主語，而把不定式放在后 面。賓語He likes to play basketball.只能作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語，一般 不作介詞的賓

2、語。表語My work is to clea n the room every day.放在be動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞之后定語Do you have anything to eat?不定式作定語，要放在修飾詞 的后面。狀語I go to the library to study En glish.不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要 和主語一致。補(bǔ)語She asked me to help my mother.在 make, let, see, hear, watch 等使役，感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式 省略to.1. 不定式作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)， 常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，其機(jī)構(gòu)為：lt+ be+

3、 adj + (for/of sb)+to do.e.g. It is useful to lear n En glish well.It is importa nt for us to protect the environment.It 'very kind of you to help me.2. 不定式作賓語(1) 一些謂語動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令，打算或希望的，如： would like, want, wish, hope, decide, pla n, expect, agree, prepare.e.g She agrees to go wit

4、h them.They pla n to go shopp ing.(2) 在find, think后跟不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語，而講真正的賓語放在句末。e.g. I find it easy to speak En glish every day.He thinks it importa nt to help his friend.(3) 常見的一些不帶 to 的不定式:why not do, had better (not) do, would rather (not) do. e.g. I would rather stay at home.(4) 不定式常和 what, wh

5、ich, when, where, how 連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。e.g I don 'know what to do.=I don 'tknow what I should do.He didn'tknow where to go.= He didn 'tknow where he should go.3. 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：tell, ask, want, wllow, get, would like, en courage.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞常用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)要省略to但這些動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),必須保留to.感官動(dòng)詞

6、： feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice;使役動(dòng)詞：let, make, have.e.g The boss made them work the whole day.練習(xí)1. Xiao Li said she would ratherjoin us.A. did notB. to notC. notD. notto2. Zhong Nanshan, the famous medical scientist, has devoted most of his life useful ways in treat ing cough d

7、iseases.A. to findingB. findC. to findD. finding3. -Do you know Neil Armstro ng?-Yes. He is the first manon the moon.A. walkB. walksC. to walkD. walked4. The boy promisedlate for school aga in.A. to not beB. not to beC. not beingD. being not5. Last week our geography teacher told usmore in formati o

8、n about how to protectthe environment.A. eno ugh funny; laughC. eno ugh funny; to laughB. funny eno ugh; laughD. funny eno uth; to laughA. getB. gotC. to getD. gett ing6.gen erousthe little girl to share her toys with the other kids.A. It ' ofB. That' ofC. It's; forD. That 's;for7. S

9、im on isto make us all8. Have you decidedto do n ext?-Not yet.A. what B. how C. where D. whe n9. Please be quiet. We are n ot allowedmuch no ise in the readi ng room.A. to make B. make C. mak ing D. to mak ing10. Many boys and girls are madewhat they 're not.A. to do; in terestedB. to do; in ter

10、ested inC. do; in terested inD. doing; in terested11. How do you know that she likes singing?-I ofte n hear herafter class.A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. sings12. On her way home, Lucy saw a thiefin a shop. She stopped110 at once.A. steal; callB. to steal; callC. steali ng; to callD. steali ng; calli

11、 ng13. To keep healthy, you'd betterexercise right after you have a meal.A. don 'takeB. not takeC. not to takeD. not taking14. Which does your father enjoyhis weeke nd, fish ing or climb ing hills?A. spe ndingB. spe ndC. to spe ndD. being spe nt15. I hope(find) a good job in a foreig n compa ny after I graduate from school.16. He found it hard(catch up with) his class.17. Mother asks me(not play) computer games before finishing my homework.18. All the childre n like Mr White very much because he ofte n makes them(laugh).19. Let him(have) a rest. I think he must be tired after the lon