動(dòng)名詞的用法及練習(xí)題

1、動(dòng)名詞Gerund動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，由動(dòng)詞 + ing構(gòu)成，否認(rèn)形式為not doing，兼有動(dòng)詞的特征和名詞的功能。一、動(dòng)名詞保存著動(dòng)詞的特征， 有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。其時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下： 語(yǔ)態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二、動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)1、作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)，所以，動(dòng)名詞的意義往往是表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某件事情。例如：Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。Smo

2、king may cause cancer. 吸煙可能導(dǎo)致癌癥。Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.  乘火車到杭州要16個(gè)小時(shí)。Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以開展肌肉。注意：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，對(duì)于一些比擬長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，一般采用"It is "和"There is "兩種句式來(lái)表示。例如：It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我從辦公室回家要花十分鐘。 It needs time

3、to make three copies of it.把它復(fù)制三份需要時(shí)間。  It's nice talking with you.  和你談話很快樂(lè)。 It's no use arguing with him.  跟他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)用。 It is no good learning without practice.學(xué)而不實(shí)踐是沒(méi)好處的。 There is no joking about such matters.這種事開不得玩笑。There is no denying that she is very efficient.她效率高是不容否認(rèn)的。

4、60;2、作定語(yǔ)  動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的情況并不是很普遍，一般只限于單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，表示“用于的或表示“處于某件事情中的含義。例如：  swimming pool 游泳池    reading material 閱讀材料 walking stick 手杖     floating needle 浮針 opening speech 開幕詞    listening aid 助聽器 waiting room 候車室    working people

5、勞動(dòng)人民 3、作表語(yǔ)  動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，特別要注意：不要與正在進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表達(dá)的是“某件事等。例如： His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. 動(dòng)名詞 他的業(yè)余工作是為那家公司推銷新產(chǎn)品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.動(dòng)名詞讀書當(dāng)然是學(xué)習(xí)，然而運(yùn)用在很大程度上更是學(xué)習(xí)。  注意：動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，容易與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)相混淆。記?。簞?dòng)名

6、詞表語(yǔ)表達(dá)的是“某件事(與不定式短語(yǔ)的意義相近)，而現(xiàn)在分詞表語(yǔ)表示“具有某個(gè)作用。例如： The situation is very much encouraging.現(xiàn)在分詞 形勢(shì)非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. 現(xiàn)在分詞 他現(xiàn)在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。 Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. 不定式他們的方案是今年再為員工們建一棟宿舍樓。His wish is to become

7、a pilot. 不定式 他的愿望是當(dāng)飛行員。4、作賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞既可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如：He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. 在以下動(dòng)詞或詞組后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不能用不定式：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，deny, dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，res

8、ist，risk，suggest，cant help情不自禁等。以下動(dòng)詞或詞組可帶動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try 。例如：Lets go on studying Lesson 6. 讓我們繼續(xù)學(xué)第六課。說(shuō)明前面已學(xué)了一局部。Lets go on to study Lesson 6. 讓我們接著學(xué)第六課。說(shuō)明前面已學(xué)了第五課。I remember doing the exercise. 我記得做過(guò)練習(xí)。I must remember to do it. 我必須記著做這事。I tried not to go

9、 there. 我設(shè)法不去那里。I tried doing it again. 我試著又干了一次。Stop speaking. 不要講話。He stopped to talk. 他停下來(lái)講話。I mean to come early today. 我打算今天早些來(lái)。Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：We dont allow smoking here.

10、 We dont allow students to smoke. 動(dòng)詞need，require，want作“需要解，其后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)表示事情需要做，這時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。be worth后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短語(yǔ)devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，e

11、xcuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，theres no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down to等后的動(dòng)詞也必須用動(dòng)名詞形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 在love，hate，prefer，like等動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞或不定式無(wú)多大區(qū)別。有時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，指一般情況，而跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)指某一具體行為。start，begin，contin

12、ue在書面語(yǔ)中多后接動(dòng)名詞，在口語(yǔ)中多后接不定式。但start和begin在以下情況下一般跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物而不是人時(shí)；當(dāng)start或begin以-ing形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，當(dāng)后面作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞表示感情、思想或意念時(shí)。如：It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 在should(would) like/love等后須用不定式。2，練習(xí)題、單項(xiàng)選擇：1. No one enjoys _ at.A. laughingB. to laugh  C. bein

13、g laughedD. to be laughed2. You must do something to prevent your house _.A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in3. They insisted on _ another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. - Where is my passport? I remember _ it here.  - You

14、shouldn't have left it here. Remember _ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to take D. to put；taking5. His room needs _, so he must have it _.A. painting；paintedB. painted；paintingC. painting；painting D. painted；painted6. After finishing his homework he went on

15、_ a letter to his parents.A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write7. The young trees we planted last week require _ with great care.A. looking after B. to look afterC. to be looked after D. taken good care of8. Only _ English doesn't mean _ the language.A. to learn；to learn    B. lea

16、rning；learningC. learning about；learn  D. learning about；learning9. She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missedB. to be missing   C. missingD. to be missed10. She decided to devote herself _ the problem of old age.A. to study B. studying  C. to studying

17、  D. study11. Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back  B. put back  C. to put back D. be put back12. As she is looking forward to _ from me, please remember _ this letter on your way to school.A. hear；post B. hearing；to postC. be heard；posting D. be hearing

18、；to posting13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _ your handwriting.A. to read B. to see C. reading D. in seeing14. Writing stories and articles _ what I enjoy most.A. is B. are C. was D. were15. We appreciate _ us to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to invite  C. their invitingD. being in

19、vited16. Would you mind _ quiet for a moment? I'm trying _ a form.A. keeping；filling out    B. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill out    D. to keep；filling out17. He was afraid _ for being late.A. of seeingB. of being seen  C. to be seen D. to have seen18. I

20、'd like to suggest _ the meeting till next week.A. to put off B. putting off  C. put off D. to be put off19. I don't see how I could possibly manage _ the work without _.A. finish；helping    B. to finish；being helpedC. finishing；helping  D. finishing；being helped20.

21、Anything worth _ is worthy of _ well.A. doing；being done    B. doing；doingC. to be done；to be done    D. to be done；being done21. We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted _ the work.A. finish B. to finishC. in finishing D. on finishing22. I delayed _ your lette

22、r because I had been away for a week.A. answer B. answering C. writing D. to post23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _ by the police.A. to be caughtB. be caught  C. being caught D. catching24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I _ it at home. Th

23、en I remembered _ it out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left；to take   B. may leave；takingC. might leave；to take    D. could have left；taking25. _ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.A. After hearing B. On hearing  C. While hearingD. Having heard26

24、.  _ his mother, the baby could not help _.A. To see；to laugh B. Seeing；to laughC. Seeing；laughing D. To see；laughing27. It's no use _ so much money on clothes.A. spend B. spent C. spending D. being spent28. The sentence needs _.A. improveB. a improvement  C. improving D. improved29.If

25、 he succeeded _ a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now.A. to find B. to look for  C. in findingD. in looking for30.I still remember _ to my home town when I was young.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. to take、填入動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式：1. Can you imagine yourself _ in a lonely island? (stay)2. I can't understand your _ at that poor child. (laugh)3. She didn't mind _ overtime. (work)4. To make a living, he tried _, _, and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)5. We are looking forward to Mary's _. (come)6. She was praised for _