高中定語從句詳細(xì)講解

1、高中定語從句詳細(xì)講解高中定語從句詳細(xì)講解一.基本概念1.定語從句的定義：用作定語的從句叫定語從句。2.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。3.定語從句的位置：緊跟先行詞(名詞或代詞)之后。4.引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞(包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞)。v1w關(guān)系代詞：that/who/whom/which/asv2w關(guān)系副詞：when/where/why5.引導(dǎo)詞的位置：位于定語從句之前(先行詞之后)。【as除外】6.引導(dǎo)詞的功能(作用)：v1w連接先行詞和定語從句。v2w在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分(關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)主語或賓語，關(guān)系副詞充當(dāng)狀語)。7.定語從句的類型：v1w限定性定語從句(主句和定語從句

2、之間無逗號)。 直接由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句The man who youre talking to is my friend. 由介詞+關(guān)系代詞(whom/which)引導(dǎo)The man to whom youre talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介詞的選用可根據(jù)從句中的相關(guān)詞組確定，該介詞通?？梢苑旁陉P(guān)系代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。例如：The man (who/whom/that) I

3、 talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.v2w非限定性定語從句(主句和定語從句之間用逗號隔

4、開)。 直接由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。 由介詞+關(guān)系代詞(whom/which)引導(dǎo)。I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.This is the man to whom I gave the book. 由“代詞/名詞+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名詞/代詞”(先行詞指人用whom,指物用which)引導(dǎo)。One,

5、 some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等詞、數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)或百分比與of whom或of which連用。He has five children, two of whom are abroad.(比較：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.(比較：We have three books, but none of them is/are i

6、nteresting.)除why和that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句外，其余引導(dǎo)詞都可以，用法同限定性定語從句一樣。但要注意以下區(qū)別。1.在形式上非限定性定語從句與主句有逗號隔開。2.非限定性定語從句的作用：它只是補(bǔ)充說明先行詞的情況，翻譯時(shí)可譯成兩個(gè)句子。The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.(那位工程師被很快送往醫(yī)院，其腿部受了重傷)The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.(那位腿部受了重傷的工程師被

7、很快送往醫(yī)院)3.在非限定性定語從句中，任何引導(dǎo)詞都不能省略(包括引導(dǎo)詞在此定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語在內(nèi))。指人做主語時(shí)只能用who, 做賓語時(shí)用whom;指物做主語，賓語都用which; 關(guān)系副詞用when或where,也不能省略。The man, _ is sitting on the chair, is my father.The woman, _ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.The city, _ is far away, is very beautiful.He went to America, _ his parents live.He

8、joined the Army yesterday, _ I left, too.4.whose引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句：The house, whose window faces south, is mine.=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.=The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.二。定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的基本用法。1.who/that指人是主格在定語從句中代替先行詞，又作定語從句的主語，不能省略。Do you know the gentleman

9、who/that is sitting there?2.whom/who/that指人是賓格，在定語從句中代替先行詞，又作定語從句的賓語(動賓或介賓)。 當(dāng)作動賓(動詞后接賓語)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now? 當(dāng)作介賓(介詞后接賓語)時(shí)：介詞不提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略;介詞提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不可省，即介詞+whom(指人時(shí)介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用whom)。The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.The man with whom I

10、 spoke is my teacher.注：固定的動詞短語(動詞+介詞)如look for, take care of等不能把動詞與介詞拆開，既介詞不能提至引導(dǎo)詞前。She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語(動賓或介賓)即先行詞的什么東西怎樣了，whose不能省略。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.I didnt find the desk w

11、hose leg was broken. (主語)He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. (動賓)The boss in whose company I work is very kind. (介賓)4.which/that 指物，指代先行詞且在定語從句中作主語或賓語(動賓或介賓)。 當(dāng)作動賓時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略。 當(dāng)作介賓時(shí)：介詞不提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略;介詞提前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不可省，即介詞+which(指物時(shí)介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用which)。The house which/that was destroyed in the eart

12、hquake is weak.The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.The games in which the young men competed were difficult.注：介詞+關(guān)系代詞即介詞+whom/which(先行詞指人用whom,指物用which)。5.as指人或物，在定語從句中可作主語，賓語，表語或狀語，不能省略。主要用于 “the same as;such as;so as;as a

13、s;as follows”固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，形式固定此時(shí)的引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句。要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引導(dǎo)定語從句：Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.My hometown is no longer the same as it was.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).Id like

14、to have the same books as are used in your school.He is not such a person as I expected.He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.注：which和as可引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，有時(shí)可以互換。因此，當(dāng)as/which指代前面的整個(gè)句子，或前句中的部分內(nèi)容作定語從句的主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Our team lost the game, as/which was repo

15、rted in the newspaper.She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.He married her, as/which was natural.區(qū)別：as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中間或放在主句末尾;而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句后面。He married her, as/which was natural.=As was natural, he married her.Mark Twin is a great writer, which/as is known to all

16、.=As is known to all, Mark Twin is a great writer.as引導(dǎo)的從句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which則無此意。常用句型有：as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected, As is known/ said/ reported/ told/ we all know等。如：As we all know, paper was first made in China.To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you

17、do, is foolish.主句和從句有因果關(guān)系時(shí)，用which.Our class has won the football match, which made us very happy.Bamboos are hollow, which makes them very light.從句含否定意義時(shí)常用which.She didnt pass the exam, which we couldnt expect.She didnt pass the exam, as we expected.6.when關(guān)系副詞：指時(shí)間。在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，不能省略。此時(shí)的when還可用介詞+which

18、替換(此時(shí)先行詞一定是表時(shí)間的名詞)。I still remember the time when I joined the League.=I still remember the time on which I joined the League.=I still remember the time (which/that) I joined the League on.7.where關(guān)系副詞：指地點(diǎn)。在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，不能省略。此時(shí)的when還可用介詞+which替換(此時(shí)先行詞一定是表地點(diǎn)的名詞)。I still remember the school where I joined the League.=I still remember the school in which I joined the League.=I still remember the school (which/that) I joined the League in.注：對關(guān)系副詞when, where的認(rèn)識。. 先行詞是時(shí)間的名詞，并