賓語從句的講解

1、賓語從句的講解賓語從句的定義在句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子是賓語從句。例如：IhopethatIcanseeyouagainoneday.我希望有夭我能再見到你。例句中，動(dòng)詞hope后跟賓語從句，充當(dāng)hope的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞是that。不同引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（一）由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句為陳述句。that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，無實(shí)意，所以在口語中常被省略。例：Itoldhim（that）hewaswrong.我告訴他他錯(cuò)了。試一試：我希望你明天可以來。我敢肯定你會通過這個(gè)考試O注意：在think,believe,suppose,等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語從句中，當(dāng)賓語從句表示

2、否定時(shí)，本身不用否定形式，否定需要前置。例如：我認(rèn)為你做的不對Idon'tthinkthatyouareright.試一試：Theybelieve.Theywon'tlosethegame.（合成一句）Ithinkthatwewillbelate.（改為否定句）（二）由if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由whether（if）引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，實(shí)際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。if/whether在句中的意思是“是否”。而且從句原來的疑問語序要成陳述語序。例如：Idon'tknowif/whetherheliveshere.例句中，if/whether引導(dǎo)從句helivesh

3、ereo（從句原來的疑問式是Doeshelivehere?變成陳述式，將助動(dòng)詞does去掉，動(dòng)詞保持原有的單三形式lives）試一試：Areyouastudent?（變?yōu)殛愂鍪剑〥oesyourmothergettoworkbybus?（變?yōu)殛愂鍪剑〩ashefinishedhishomework?（變?yōu)殛愂鍪剑〥idtheygototheparkyesterday?（變?yōu)殛愂鍪剑㊣wonder.Willtheycometomyparty?（合成一句：我想知道他們是否會來。）Idon'tknow.HashelearnedEnglish?（合成一句：我不知道他是否學(xué)過英語。）Thetea

4、cherasksus.Didwefinishourhomework?（合成一句：老師問我們是否完成了作業(yè)。）注意：只能用whether,不能用if的情況在介詞的后面例句：I'mthinkingaboutwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.我正在考慮我們是否該去看電影。I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我感興趣的是他是否喜歡英語。與ornot連用時(shí)例句:Idon'tknowwhetherIhavelearnedthiswordornot.我不知道我是否學(xué)過這個(gè)單詞。在帶to的不定式前例句：Wedecidedw

5、hethertowalkthere.我們決定了是否步行去那里。Idon'tknowwhethertogo.我不知去否。2.區(qū)別“如果if和是否if”如果if,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)等規(guī)則；是否if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Idon'tknowifthey（come）tomorrow.Ifthey（come）tomorrow,Iwillcallyou.（三）由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句特殊疑問詞充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)，在句中即有連接從句的作用，又在句中有一定的含義。同時(shí)也要注意從句要從疑問語序變成陳述語序。例如：Doyouknowwhenhewillcomeback?你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來嗎？

6、例句中，從句whenhewillcomeback為陳述語序，原來的疑問語序是whenwillhecomeback?試一試：Howdidyougettoschool?（變陳述語序）Wherehashebeen?（變陳述語序）1. Idon'tknow.Whataretheylookingfor?（合成一句）Heasksme.Whendoesthetrainusuallyleave?（合成一句）賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例句:Theheadmasterhopesthateverythinggoeswell.Theheadmasterhopesthatwe

7、willwinthegame.Idon'tknowwhocameherejustnow.Idon'tknowifhehasfinishedhishomework.2. 主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句須用過去的某種形式。例句:Shewassorrythatshehadn'tfinishedherworkontime.Ididn'tknowifhehadfinishedhishomework.Theheadmasterhopedthatwewouldwinthegame.注意：當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句:Thetea

8、chertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.一. 賓語從句的語序前面的用法中已經(jīng)介紹到了，無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序:即“引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+”的句式。注意一些特殊情況：1. 引導(dǎo)詞本身就是主語，多為what或who或whose引導(dǎo)的從句例如：Iwonderwhoisintheroom.（who在從句中本身就充當(dāng)主語）Canyoutellmewhosebookisonthedesk?（whosebook在從句中本身就充當(dāng)主語）Heaskedmewhohelpedus.（who在從句中本身就充當(dāng)主語）2. 句型wha

9、t'sthematter,what'sthetrouble等常被看成陳述語序，不變。Wedon'tknowwhat'sthematterwithher.賓語從句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如果主句和從句的主語一致時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“特殊疑問詞+todo"。例如：Idon'tknowhowIcanlearnEnglishwell.Hewonderwhenheshouldattendthemeeting.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為V.+to

10、do的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是tell,order（命令）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為v.+sb.todo的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.rTheheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.MymothertoldmethatIcouldn'tgoout.1. 動(dòng)詞see,hear,find等詞

11、后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為"v+sb.doing的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.rLiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground.Iheardthatabirdwassinginginthetree.2. 動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化Itseemsthatheisunhappy.Heseemstobeunhappy.Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.-Theboysseemedtowin.3. 動(dòng)詞find后的賓語從句，也可以轉(zhuǎn)

12、化為簡單句IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.4附：直接引語變間接引語的用法【概念】直接引語是指直接引用別人的原話，通常置于引號之內(nèi)。間接引語是指用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話或意思，多用賓語從句的形式來表達(dá)。一.人稱變（一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新）Hesaid,"I'mgoodatEnglish.”Hesaid（that）hewasgoodatEnglish.ThewomansaidtoJack,"Youareagoodboy"rThewoman

13、toldJack（that）hewasagoodboy.Hesaid,"Jackisagoodstudent/'Hesaid（that）Jackwasagoodstudent.練習(xí):1. Shesaid,"Mybrotherwantstogowithme."Theteachertoldme,”Youarehardworking.”Shesaid."Hewillgotoseehisfriend."Theteachersaid/Youarehardworking.".時(shí)態(tài)變Hesaid,"I'mgoodatEng

14、lish."Hesaid(that)hewasgoodatEnglish.Mariasaid,"Lilyisdoingherhomework.”MariasaidthatLilywasdoingherhomework.Shesaid."Hewillgotoseehisfriend."rshesaid(that)hewouldgotoseehisfriend.Hetoldme,"HesawMaryinthehouse.”HetoldmethathehadseenMaryinthehouse.Themantoldus,"Ihavebeen

15、toBeijing.”ThemantoldusthathehadbeentoBeijing.1. 總結(jié)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變成_般過去時(shí)變成一般將來時(shí)變成特殊：真理時(shí)態(tài)不變Ourteachertoldus,"Theearthgoesaroundthesun/三.句型變直接引語是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。(that可省)Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes."直接引語是一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.如:Hesaid,"Canyouswim,J

16、ohn?"直接引語是特殊疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(賓語從句必須用陳述句語序)OSheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?"Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.4.直接引語是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為：肯定：tell(ask,order,等)sb.todosth."否定：tell(ask,order等)sb.nottodosth."Don'tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren."Bringmeacup

17、oftea,please,"saidshe.附練習(xí)：1.（2004年北京市中考試題）MissGreendidn'ttellusin2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived2.(2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題)Wouldyoupleasetellme?A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn'twatchthegame3.（2004年哈爾濱市中考試題）Idon&

18、#39;tknowwhen.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave4.（2004年常州市中考試題）Wedon'tknow.ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom2. Doyouknowduringthecomingsummerholiday?3. A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwill

19、doD.whatTomdidIwanttoknow.A.whatishisnameB.what'shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis7.Jimdoesn'tunderstandA.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping8. Mr.Kingdidn'tknowyesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhiss

20、oncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome9. Couldyoutellmethebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend10. Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme?Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It'snexttoahospital.A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettothepostofficeC.howgettoth

21、epostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice11. -CanIhelpyou?-Yes.I'dlakfeckettoMountEmei.Canyoutellmetaketogetthere?A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit12. Hewantedtoknow.A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstartC.whathe'sgoingtodoatthemeetingwherewouldthe

22、meetingbeheld13. -CouldyoutellmetheBambooGarden?-Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit14. Wouldyoupleasetellmenext,MrWang?A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat15. Couldyoutellme?-Sorry,Idon'tknow,hotasrtth

23、emeeting.A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeetingC.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting16. Theteacheraskedthestudents.A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted17. Didyouknowhowmuchhotwater?A.Mumisn

24、eededB.doesMumneedC.MumneededD.didMumneed18. Ididn'tknowhowtoLondon.A.wouldtheygoB.aretheygoingC.theywouldgoD.theyaregoing19. Doyouknow?A.whatthenewsareB.whatisthenewsC.whatthenewsisD.whatarethenews20. Pleasetellmelastyear.21. A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworks

25、DwhereyoursisterworkedIdon'tknowhewillcometomorrow.hecomes,I'IItellyou.22. A.ifWhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;IfWouldyoupleasetellmewithPeter?Helooksunhappy.23. A.whatthematterisB.what'swrongC.thewrongiswhatD.whatwrongitwasTheywanttoknowdotohelpus.24. A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.h

26、owtheycanD.howcantheyHedoesn'tknowhewillstaythereornot.25. A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.whenLindasaidthemoonroundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelled26.SheaskedmeifIknew.27. A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasitYoumustremember.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay28. C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaidDidyouknow?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor29. C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafterDidyouknow?30. A.whoisunderthetreeB.whowasunderthetreeC.whounderthetreeisD.whounderthetreewasCouldyoutellme?31. A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijin