英語語法-獨(dú)立主格的趣味講解(圖片版)

1、英語語法-獨(dú)立主格的趣味講解（圖片版）獨(dú)立主格01.主語獨(dú)立、去連（接）詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞作狀語的區(qū)別在于:語法現(xiàn)象主語連（接）詞分詞作狀語主、從句主語一樣可用 when, if, though等連接詞i獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 主、從句主語不一樣沒有連（按）詞主語也是IHearing the joke, I laughed my head off我聽了這個(gè)笑話，差點(diǎn)笑斷氣。主語也是she T Though working from morning till night, she didnt have a bean.盡管她起早貪黑，還是窮得吃土。而在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中：1）主格（可以理解為 主語”）是獨(dú)立的

2、，也就是說，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語不用依賴主句，它自己就有主語，跟主句的主語 不一樣；2）不帶連（接）詞。是因?yàn)閍nd, so等連接并列句的，稱 連詞”；而what, that, how, who等連接從句的詞，我們習(xí)慣性叫做連接詞”。He telling a joke, everyone laughed,他講了一個(gè)笑話，大家都笑了.She got home her eyes filled with tears,她到家了，眼里嘀滿淚水。02.四大功能 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有4個(gè)常用的功能，分別是表時(shí)間、條件、原因，和伴隨。接下來，我們將分別對以上功能進(jìn)行改裝。此處有3個(gè)改裝原則，請牢:己：1）對于獨(dú)立主格

3、結(jié)構(gòu)的主語和動(dòng)作，主動(dòng)關(guān)系用 doing （現(xiàn)在分詞）、被動(dòng)關(guān)系用done （過去分詞）。有時(shí)候，一些固定搭配看起來像被動(dòng)語態(tài)， 實(shí)際上不含被動(dòng)意義，如：be tired of, be filled with 等；2） being, having been 一般省略，除了 2種特殊情況，蟲子寫在04 Part;3）連（接）詞統(tǒng)統(tǒng)扔掉。表時(shí)間When the class was oven the kid went home.When the class was over, the kid went homet(being)Q The class over, the kid went home.解

4、析：在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，連接詞 when丟掉；the class was over,可改裝 為：the class being over, 但正常t青況下, being/ having been 可以省略不寫。 剩下部分照搬。下面這句，你來把它變成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：When dinner was finished, they didn t offer to help me clean.飽飯過后，他們沒人提出幫我收拾。10When dinner was finished, they didnt offer to help me clean,(being)Q Dinner finished, they

5、didnt offer to help me clean.If weather permits, my neighbor will walk his dog.If weather permits, my neighbor will walk his dog.主動(dòng)用doing Weather permitting, my neighbor will walk his dog.解析：連接詞if丟掉；weather permits,主動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞 permit改成非謂 語形式的doing。剩下部分照搬。If all things are considered, he is just not that

6、 into you.綜合考慮的話，他沒有那么喜歡你啦。If all things are considered, he is just not that into you.(being) All things considered, he is just not that into you.表原因He looked upset, because ofb hasnt released his deposits.He looked upset, because ofb hasnt released his deposits.not having released He looked upset,

7、ofo not having released his deposits.注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果出現(xiàn)否定，not要提前；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式的 have/ has done, 改為 having done 即可：hasn t released f not having relsaSed 外，連詞 because丟掉。Dad didn t take his medicine,cs Mom started chattering on about it.老爸沒有吃藥，媽媽開啟了叨逼叨模式。not takingDad didnt take his medicine, so Mom started chat

8、teringon about it.1gI Dad not taking his medicine, Mom started chattering on about it.注：didn t take只是簡單的一般過去時(shí)，不涉及完成時(shí)，因此改裝的時(shí)候不 必小心翼翼，否定not提前，主動(dòng)關(guān)系，后接doing即可。didn t take - not taking。表伴隨Suddenly, Grandma sat up straight, and her eyes were opened wide.Suddenly, Grandma sat up straight, and her eyeswere

9、opened wide.(being)Q Suddenly, Grandma sat up straight, her eyes opened wide.注：wide在本句中作副詞，指”（睜得）很大”，修飾睜著眼這個(gè)動(dòng)作：Sheopened her eyes wide f Her eyes were opened widefc裝為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu), were 丟掉，只留下過去分詞opened,乘U下照即： her eyes opened wide.He read books, while his wife sewed by his side.他看書，他老婆在旁邊縫衣服。He read books,

10、 while his wife sewed by his side.主動(dòng)用doing命 He read books, his wife sewing by his side.03.三大結(jié)構(gòu)以上，我們講了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能，在這部分，我們大致看看獨(dú)立主格結(jié) 構(gòu)的三種結(jié)構(gòu)：3種結(jié)構(gòu)第一種分詞.主動(dòng)用doing,被動(dòng)用done第二種 主語+ adj. /副詞/介詞短語/不定式/名詞第三種with / without +第二類種類結(jié)構(gòu)例句主動(dòng)用doingWeather permitting,my neighbor will walk his dog.被動(dòng)用done主語+ adj.Dinner fini

11、shed,they didnt offer to help me cleanA terrible car accident happenedlast night, nobody alive.主語+副詞Fhe class overtthe students went home.主語+介詞短語My sister went to the toilet,phone in hand.主語+ to doLessons to be given tomorrow,I have to go to bed early tonight.主語+名詞withwithoutHundreds of people died

12、in thistsunami, many of them tourists.he hunter went out,with a gun in his hand.Dad hid his pin money w ithoutMom knowing where it is.04.特殊情況1）在以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，being, having been不可以省略： It be 結(jié)構(gòu)It being Christmas, the stores are playing Jingle Bells .It having been raining for days, I seem to have run out of dry panties. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)There being no taxi, we had to walk home.2） 一些固定搭配，本身是可以獨(dú)立存在的分詞短語，背下就對了： to doto be honestto be frankto tell you the truth to make matters worsenTo make matters worse, the employees are banned from buying iPhones.更糟的是，（企業(yè)）禁止員工購買蘋果手機(jī)。 doingg