新題型03-應用文寫作-浙江高考英語新題型研讀與訓練

1、新題型03 應用文寫作 2021年10月起，浙江省高考英語科目啟用了新題型，其中寫作分為兩局部，第一局部為應用文寫作，要求考生根據(jù)所給情景，寫一篇80詞左右的短文?！绢}型分析】應用文屬實用文體，有嚴格的語境限制，比方確定的時間、地點，確定的對象、范圍，確定的行文目的等。因此，應用文寫作應力求主旨鮮明，格式正確，語言簡練，語氣因人因事而異。書信、電子郵件是常見的應用文寫作考查題型，主要包括詢問信、致歉信、致謝信、慰問信、投訴信、邀請信、介紹信、求職信等，其次應用文還有：通知、發(fā)言稿、便條、日記、通知、調查報告扥。寫作時要注意格式正確，包含稱呼語salutation，正文body，結束語compl

2、imentary close，簽名signature。如在2021年10月的試卷中，應用文寫作的要求是給未曾謀面的加拿大的住家homestay寫一封咨詢信Letter of Inquiry。寫作時遣詞應盡量客氣一些，行文應力求具有親和力，切忌使用一些艱深的大詞，也不宜使用一些結構過于雜糅的長句。3、對學生能力的要求 應用文相對于之前高考中的議論文、記敘文，更要求應用性、標準性、簡明性。這要求學生對各個文體尤其是郵件和信件格式的熟悉掌握，且需注意應用文所要求的語言表達與議論文、記敘文的區(qū)別。因此我們會著重培養(yǎng)學生的格式熟悉度以及相關重要句式的表達。 假定你是李華，你校英語協(xié)會招聘志愿者，接待來訪

3、的國外中學生。請你寫信應聘，內(nèi)容包括：1. 口語能力：2. 相關經(jīng)驗；3. 應聘目的。注意：1. 詞數(shù)80左右；2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_  【思路點撥】本篇書面表達屬于應用文，要求寫應聘信。第一步：根據(jù)提示可知，學校英語協(xié)會招聘志愿者，接待來訪的國外中學生。要求寫封應聘信，內(nèi)容包括：1. 口語能力：2. 相關經(jīng)驗；3. 應聘目的。第二步：根據(jù)寫作要求確定關鍵詞組。第三步：根據(jù)提示和關鍵詞組進行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時態(tài)問題。第四步：連句成文，注意使用恰當?shù)倪B詞進行句子之間的銜接和過渡，書寫一定要標準清晰，保持整潔美觀的卷面是非常重要的。本文內(nèi)容完整，語言標準，語篇連

4、貫，詞數(shù)適當。另外全文中沒有中國式英語的句式，顯示了很高的駕馭英語的能力?！痉段摹緿ear Sir or Madam,My name is Li Hua. And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English association.I have a good command of English and have been to the USA twice. So I can communicate well with native speakers of English. Whats more, I am

5、 kind and friendly to other people. So I can easily get along with foreign students.Im particularly interested in this job because I want to further improve my oral English capabilities and interpersonal communication skills.Hopefully I can receive your acceptance.Yours faithfully,Li Hua 寫好應用文的第一步是準

6、確審題。審題并不僅僅指讀題，而是一個思維過程。審題可以從以下幾個方面入手： 1、判斷體裁 應用文的種類繁多，按其性質可分為一般性應用文和公務文書。一般性應用文包括書信、便條、請?zhí)⑵笗?、海報、啟事、證明、電報、便函等；公務文書包括布告、通告、指示、命令、請示等。 本試題創(chuàng)設了一個語言情境，讓考生以李華的身份給英國朋友Chris寫一封電子郵件，邀請他參加郊游。也就是說，試題要求考生寫一封邀請信，這屬于一般性應用文中最常見的類型：書信。 2、確定格式 不同類型的應用文其格式和結構是不同的。本試題的格式是書信，要求寫明寫信的對象即稱呼和寫信人即署名，正文前可適當添加問候語，如How are you

7、doing？或Long time no see。等?？忌仨毷熘獣蓬悜梦牡母袷剑瑴蚀_寫出稱呼語、標點、結尾語和署名，以符合英語的寫作習慣。 3、理清要點 邀請信中需要包括三個要點：告知參加者、郊游的時間和地點、活動內(nèi)容登山和野餐。當然考生可適當增加細節(jié)，如組織郊游的目的、登山中可以做什么、除登山和野餐外是否有其他的活動、參加郊游的意義等等。在整理要點時，考生應該特別注意以下3點： 這是一次郊游，而不是到外地或到國外去游玩的長途旅行。 郊游的時間應該具體到某一天，不要籠統(tǒng)地說下周，最好告知幾點鐘集合出發(fā)。 既要介紹郊游的地點，又要盡量防止透露考生信息。例如：假設考生寫到Yandang Mou

8、ntain說明該考生可能來自溫州地區(qū)，假設考生寫到the West Lake說明該考生可能來自杭州地區(qū)。那么怎樣巧妙地防止這個問題呢？考生可以將地點模糊化，如使用Green Mountain， the Central Park等。 4、明確對象 寫作對象決定了考生該使用的語言和語氣、寫信人和收信人之間的關系、書信用語的正式度和委婉程度等。本試題中，考生的身份是學生，寫作的對象是考生的外籍朋友。既然是朋友，兩者是平輩的關系，就不適合使用過度的敬辭或謙辭，如 I would appreciate it if you could come。；朋友之間一般會用Hope to see you there

9、?；騂ope you can make it。既然是朋友，彼此應該熟知對方的email地址，看到寄信人的地址就應該知道是誰的來信，所以在郵件的開頭根本沒有必要介紹自己的身份。如有些考生寫道：Im Li Hua， your friend。明顯就不符合邏輯和常識。 5、分析語言 應用文作為一種實用性文體，是用來說明事實、解決實際問題的，側重于以事告人。所以語言要求自然得體、樸實無華、開門見山、清晰流暢。本試題是邀請信，首先要掌握的是常用套語，例如在書信的開頭常用：Im writing to invite you to 信件的結尾常用：Looking forward to your early re

10、ply。或I really hope you can come。等。其次，邀請信中的書面用語要符合朋友關系的身份設定，切忌使用過度的敬辭或謙辭。時態(tài)應以一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時態(tài)為主。應用文常用句型及習慣表達1. 書信開頭I was delighted/glad to receive your letter. 很快樂收到你的來信。 I have received your letter of June the 29th. 我收到了你于6月29日的來信。Hows it going? 最近怎么樣？ You asked me about(problem, question.), now let me

11、give you some advice. 你在來信中詢問我，現(xiàn)在讓我給你一些建議。 It has been a long time since we met. 我們很久沒見面了。 How time flies! Its three months since I saw you last time. 時間過得真快！我們有三個月沒見面了。 Im writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 我寫信是為了感謝你對我在美國期間的幫助。 2. 結尾 I am looking forward to receiving your

12、 letter. 我期待你的來信。 I am looking forward to your early reply. 我期待您早日回復。Please write to me as soon as possible. 請盡快回信。 Good luck./ Wish you the best. 祝你好運！ With best wishes. 致以我誠摯的祝福。 Wish you sucess. 祝你成功。 Wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 Please remember me to your family. 請代我向你的家人問好。 Id appreciat

13、e it if you could reply earlier. 請盡快回信，我將不勝感謝。 應用文常見文體寫作模板1. 感謝信 (Letter of Thanks)寫作模板Dear _(對象), I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for_(感謝的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in_(對方給你的具體幫助), I fear that I would have been_(沒有對方幫助會產(chǎn)生的后果). Everyone agrees that it was you who _(給出細節(jié))

14、. Again, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you. Please accept my sincere thanks. Yours Sincerely,Li Hua 2. 抱歉信 (Letter of Apology)寫作模板1Dear _(對象),I am truly sorry that _(抱歉的原因).The reason is that _(介紹原因). Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my appologi

15、es and understand my situation.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming寫作模板2Dear _(對象),I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that _ (直接表達自己不能實現(xiàn)先前的愿望或約定). Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret_ (表達歉意). Please accept my sincere apology_(誠懇希望對方能接受抱歉). I fear you are displeased at _(表達出自己的

16、心情，并請求對方原諒).I hope you will understand me and excuse me for_(過渡句). Let me explain(開始介紹抱歉的原因). The reason for my delay/absence was that _(闡述自己當時的處境和情況). I had no way out because _ (總結自己抱歉的原因). Therefore its not in my power to _(希望下次再次實現(xiàn)愿望). Naturally, I want to suggest _. I shall be glad if you will

17、kindly write and tell me when and where you_(約定下次約會的時間和地點)We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.Sincerely Yours, Li Hua3. 邀請信 (Letter of Invitation)寫作模板Dear_,There will be a_(內(nèi)容) at/in_(地點) on_(時間). We would be honored to have you there with us.The occasion will start at_(具體時間). This will be

18、followed by a_(進一步的安排). At _(時間), we will have _(另一個安排).I really hope you can make it. RSVP before_(通知你的最后期限).Yours Sincerely,Li Hua4. 推薦信 (Letter of Recommendation)寫作模板Dear _ ,It affords me much pleasure to recommend _(要推薦的人)to you.During his/her graduate years he/she was my _ . As his/her _ I foun

19、d him/her _. (介紹與此人的關系)His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding. First, he/she had been and showed great talents in _ . In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. He/She has developed a strong sense of _, and working with him/her is always pleasant. I can state that he/she h

20、as all the qualities of being _.(介紹此人的能力)Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart. Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university？I am sure that his/her future work will prove worthy of your trust. I look forward to hearing f

21、rom you at the earliest possible moment.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming5. 建議信 (Letter of suggestion)寫作模板Dear_,You have asked me for my advice with regard to_, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here.In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: _(建議的內(nèi)容).I hope you will find

22、these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.Good luck with your_(祝愿).Yours Sincerely,Li Hua6. 申請信 (Letter of Application)寫作模板Dear Sir or Madam,I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in_(報紙名稱) of_(廣揭發(fā)布時間).Not only do

23、I have the qualifications for this job, but also I have the right personality for a _ (工作名稱). On one hand, _(第一個原因). On the other hand, _(另一個原因).Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at_( 號碼).T

24、hank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.Yours Sincerely, Li Hua5. 祝賀信 (Letter of Congratulations) 祝賀信模板Dear_,(1)I have learned with delight that you_.(2)I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on _ _.(3)You must be very proud of your _.(4)And

25、I feel very happy for you.(5)_ _ is quite exciting news!(6)You are really_ .(7)I know this is surely owing to_ _ .(8)It is a reward you deserve for your _ .(9)With your_ _, I am sure that you will be a success in whatever you undertake.(10)Kindly let me know when you_ .(11) I hope .(12)My best wishe

26、s for your further success.Sincerely Yours, Li Ming(1)得悉值得祝賀的消息，說出祝賀事由(2)表達祝賀(3)描述對方的心情(4)表達自己的心情(5)被祝賀人所取得的成績(6)對對方的贊美(7)對方取得成績的原因(8)對對方取得成績的肯定，說出被祝賀人的優(yōu)點(9) 被祝賀人的優(yōu)秀品質，表達對對方的祝福(10)咨詢對方的情況和時間(11)表達愿望(12)表達自己真誠的祝福7.投訴信Dear _, I am _自我介紹. I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a

27、complaint about _. The reason for my dissatisfaction is _總體介紹. In the first place, _抱怨的第一個方面. In addition, _抱怨的第二個方面. Under these circumstances, I find it _感覺to_抱怨的方面給你帶來的后果. I appreciate it very much if you could _提出建議和請求, preferably _進一步的要求, and I would like to have this matter settled by _設定解決事情最

28、后期限. Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.8.演講稿/發(fā)言稿模板 Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen,Its a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech._表示榮幸My name is _.自我介紹The topic of my speech is _.提出演講主題To begin with, many people suggest that _.話題或現(xiàn)象列舉Secondl

29、y, _. Thirdly, _ .What I want to stress is that _.重申主題For one thing, . For another, . Besides, _.原因或重要性列舉In a word, _.總結模板Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone,Its nice to see all of you here. I feel honored to have opportunity to give/make/deliver you a speech is a great pleasure for me to speak

30、 here. The topic of my speech is _./Today I will talk about _. /Its nice to talk /speak about(演講的主題) First of all, _. Besides, _. Secondly, _. Whats more, _(具體內(nèi)容)As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, _. From what has been discussed above, we can safely draw the conclusion that _. Thanks for your a

31、ttention/listening.(總結演講)9.日記模板一(月、日、年、星期、天氣) (標題) Today/Yesterday, I/we .(事件) In the morning, we _; then _; after that_ . By the time we had a good time. Finally . Ill never forget the memorable day! _ (事件經(jīng)過) From this activity, I have learned that/I think . _ (事件意義和自己的感想)模板二Date Day of the week To

32、day is _. This afternoon I went to _. Then I_. Sitting on the train, I thought _. At the next station, _. She looked _. I hesitated _. The old lady _. Seeing her smile, I _. I will _. 10.便條_(稱呼)Im going _, and wont be back until _. I have _.(交代留便條的原因)At about 1 oclock this afternoon, _called, saying

33、 that _. She left _, but said that _. She wanted you to _. She has already _.(便條內(nèi)容)_ 1 (2021·浙江卷)假定你是李華，方案組織一次郊游，請給你的英國朋友Chris寫封郵件邀請他參加。內(nèi)容包括：1. 參加者；2. 時間、地點；3. 活動：登山、野餐等。注意：1. 詞數(shù)80左右；2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_【范文】Dear Chris,How are you now? The purpose of my writing is to tell you that there will be

34、an outgoing for us these days. I would be honored to have you there with us, enjoying the colorful days.The occasion will start on the next Sunday morning. We will go to Siming Mountain, where we can have a climb. Whats more, we can also hold a picnic party with the local people.I really hope you ca

35、n make it. And I do look forward to receiving your reply letter as soon as possible. 22021·新課標卷I假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友Terry將去中國朋友家做客，發(fā)郵件向你詢問有關習俗。請你回復郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1到達時間；2適宜的禮物；3餐桌禮儀。注意：1詞數(shù)100左右；2可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_【寫作指導】本文是一篇書信類應用文寫作。餐桌禮儀也是考生比較熟悉的話題。成文時注意以下幾點：一、內(nèi)容要點要齊全1到達時間；2適宜的禮物；3餐桌禮儀。二、時態(tài)：主要用一般現(xiàn)在時和將來時；三、人稱：

36、二、三人稱。四、注意使用恰當?shù)母呒壴~匯、短語或句型，以提高作文的水平；五、適當使用一些連接詞和插入語，使文章表達自然、流暢。【范文】Dear Terry,How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to put forward some advice.Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minu

37、tes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into

38、 your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice.If you have any other problems, please dont hesitate to contact me. Yours Li Hua3 假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Peter沉溺于網(wǎng)絡游戲不能自拔，甚至不聽父母勸阻想要離家出走。請根據(jù)以下要點提示，寫信勸他放棄這個想法。1.網(wǎng)癮的危害；2.要尊重父母并抱歉；3.建議他管理好自己的時間。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；可適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫；3.開頭和結尾已經(jīng)給出；不計入總詞數(shù)。Dear Pete

39、r,Im sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because of your conflict with your parents._Im looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【范文】Dear Peter,Im sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because of your conflict with your parents.I think its unwise to make such a decision. A

40、ddicted to playing online games, you are not only wasting your Im looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua4假設你是李華，你的英國朋友Tom來信詢問霧霾嚴重時你校如何保證正常上課。請你根據(jù)以下要點給Tom回信：1.政府在學校安裝新風系統(tǒng)；2.家長捐獻空氣凈化器；3.學校減少戶外活動。參考詞匯：霧霾haze；新風系統(tǒng)fresh air system；空氣凈化器air purifier注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_【范文】Dear Tom,I am writi

41、ng in response to your concern about ways of ensuring normal teaching activities in our school in case of heavy haze. Thanks for your concern anyway.Several parties are involved in fighting haze. First of all, the government has funded the installation of the fresh air system. Second, enthusiastic p

42、arents have donated enough air purifiers which help improve the air quality. Whats more, our school limits the time for outdoor activities, exposing us to as little polluted air as possible.Thanks to the joint efforts, we are now enjoying our school life.Yours,Li HuaOrDear Tom,Thanks for your concern about heavy haze affectin