2017初一英語名詞講解及練習(xí)

1、名詞一、名詞分類：名詞分為 普通名詞 和專有名詞普通名詞：表示同一類的人或物的名稱，又可分為個體名詞，如 boy, house, insect, tiger等；物質(zhì)名詞，如 air, snow, bread, rice 等； 抽象名詞，如 glory, honesty, failure, education 等。專有名詞：表示個人、國家、地方、機構(gòu)、組織等的專有名稱，如 Cheng Du, China, Obama, China Central Television 等。名詞的兩大考點：數(shù)與格二、名詞的數(shù)1 .普通名詞：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞（1）可數(shù)名詞：包括個體名詞和集體名詞個體名詞：表示個

2、體的人或事物名稱的詞。如： teacher, student, boy, book, bag每個可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。A.單數(shù)表示個”的概念。用名詞的單數(shù)時，名詞前需加a或an。如 a book （一本書）、an apple （一個蘋果）、an orange （一個橘子）等。B.復(fù)數(shù)表示兩個或兩個以上的物體。如two pencils （兩枝鉛筆）、three weeks （三周）等。 集合名詞： 表示一群人或一些事物名稱的詞。如：people, family, class, furniture復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成有兩種：規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成。規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成

3、同形復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法例詞大多數(shù)名詞在詞尾加-s。（在清輔首后讀s,在濁輔首 及兀首后讀z。）cat catsbook-booksdog-dogs bag bagsboy- boys以 s、x、ch、sh 結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-es,讀作iz。glass glasses match matches以輔苜子母+y結(jié) 尾的名詞把y變成i,加-es,讀作izcitycities但專啟名詞例外，直接在 y后加-s,讀作zCanadianCanadiansAmericanAmericans以輔音字母 +o結(jié) 尾的名詞一般直接加-es讀作z;tomatotomatoespotatopotatoes某些詞例外

4、，加-skilo-kilos, piano pianos, photo photos以兀音字母+o結(jié)尾 的名詞直接加-s,但讀作zzoo zoosradioradios以f或fe結(jié)尾的名 詞有的直接加 -s,讀作zroof roofs大多數(shù)要將f或fe變?yōu)関,再加-es讀作zleafleaveswifewivesknife knives yourself-yourselves不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成特點例詞通過改變詞內(nèi)元音字母manmen footfeettoothteeth mouse mice （老鼠）通過在詞尾加-en或-renoxoxen （牛） childchildre

5、n單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同a sheeptwo sheepa deer two deer （鹿）a Chinese two Chinese （中國人）注意事項：只能用于復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks單數(shù)名詞用于復(fù)數(shù)含義 ：people, public, police特殊名詞的講解：(1)people作“人們，人民”解時，只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞作復(fù)數(shù)。作“民族”解時，單復(fù)數(shù)不同，復(fù)數(shù)要在詞尾加s。There .are five people in my family. 我家有五 口人。There are fifty-six peoples i

6、n our country.我們國家有56個民族。clothes等屬于無單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語作復(fù)數(shù)。例： My favorite clothes are pants.pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts scissors等名詞，由兩部分構(gòu)成，常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。要表示單數(shù)常用a pair of表示，此時如作主語，謂語要作單數(shù)看待。例： Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is_mine.集體名詞看作整體時，謂語用單數(shù)；指成員時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。His family is a large family. 指整體

7、His family like animals. 指成員有的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同：fish魚 fishes魚的種類,paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文,work工作 works作品，工廠,glass 玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡,orange桔子水 oranges橙子，light光線lights燈，people人peoples民族，time時間times時代,次數(shù)，chicken雞肉chickens小雞例：hair和fruit通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。My hair is black.我的頭發(fā)是黑色的。I like fruit .It' s goodfo的ou果，水果對你的身體有好

8、處。但如果表示若干根頭發(fā)或各種水果，則需用復(fù)數(shù)形式Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根頭發(fā)。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits.他喜歡梨，桃和其它水果。Exercise:)在后面力口 s。 如：cat-cats bag-bags day-days fathers, books, Americans1、 Some are flying kites near the river.A. childB. boyC. boysD. childs二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后力口 es。女口： class- c

9、lasses match-matches boxboxes dish dishes boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes1. There are many（fox） in the picture.2. The has two.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch三）以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 再加 es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, story-stories1. Their（dictionar

10、y） look new.以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加so （元音是字母a,e,i,o,u）如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以。結(jié)尾（沒有生命的）加s （外來詞）。如： photos, zoos ,pianos, radios,（有生命的）力口 es：如：tomatoes 西紅柿，potatoes 馬鈴薯 1、We need some more. Can you go and get some, please?A. potatoB. potatosC. potatoes D.potatoe2. There are lots of in

11、 the basket on the table.A. tomatosB. tomatoC. tomatoesD. tomatoss3. Let's take（photo）, OK?4. I have lots of（tomato） here.五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves1、Please remember to give the horse some tree.A. leafsB. leavesC. l

12、eafD.leave2、Twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident.A.person;life B.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life3. The（leaf） on the tree turn-yellow.六） 單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的） 有： fish, sheep, deer鹿子,Chinese, Japanese, Germen1、-Are there any on the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horseB. duckC. chickenD. sh

13、eep2、There are a lot of down there but hardly any.A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples3. Can you see nine in the picture?A. sheepB. dogC. pigD. horse4. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, GermenB. Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese, GermansD. Japaneses, Germ

14、ans5. How many（sheep） are there on the hill?七） 般只有復(fù)數(shù)， 沒有單數(shù)的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks1. There are five（people ） in his family.2、There are a lot of down there but hardly any.A. sheeps, peopleB.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples3、Twelve were hurt, but no w

15、ere lost in that accident.A.person;life B.people;lives C.peoples;lives D.persons;life八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察，class班，同學(xué)，family家，家庭成員 九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, Looker-on Lookers-onabout the accident.C. standers-byD. standers-bys1、The police investigated thoseA

16、. stander-byB. stander-bys但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時為復(fù)數(shù)。1、All the如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachersin the hospital got a rise last month.a.women doctors c.woman doctorsb. women doctord.woman doctorwould come to the village.A.woman-doctorsB.women doctorC.women doctorsD.woman doc

17、tors3. They are(woman) doctors.十) 特殊形式的有：man-men, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmenwoman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth1、OneA. toothof Mike ' s was hurt in the accident yesterday.B.feetC.handD.ear2、The little baby has two already.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. te

18、eths3. The cat caught twoA. mouses last night.B. miceC. mouseD. mices4. The JapaneseA. womanwill not leave China until she finishes her study.B. womenC. manD. men5. The boy often brushes hisA. toothB. toothsbefore he goes to bed.C. teethD. teeths6. The deer has four.A. footB. feetC. feetsD. foots7.

19、The baby has only two(tooth) now.(2)不可數(shù)名詞：包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞:表示無法分為個體的名詞。如： coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名詞:表示狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)，動作，感情等抽象概念的名詞。如:health, happiness, help可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞注意事項：1 .不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)變化，不能與a/an或表示具體數(shù)量的詞直接連用。這些名詞前往往加some, any, no, a little 等詞。如 ;some water/ apple juice/ milk2 .當(dāng)需要表達名詞的單位的量時候就要用：數(shù)，+量詞

20、+Of+名詞 來表述。用量詞修飾時，首先要注意量詞的單復(fù)數(shù);然后要注意名詞是否可數(shù)，不可數(shù)時用單數(shù)，可數(shù)時用復(fù)數(shù)，如：one bag of rice.one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice .ten kilos of apples.Exercise:1、They are thirsty. Will you please give them?A. some bottles of watersB. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of waterD. some bottle of waters2、There is some o

21、n the plate（盤子）.A. cakesB. meatC. potatoD. pears3、Please pass me.A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of watersC. two glasses of waterD. two glass water4、This table is made of.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D.glass5、 Mr. Smith always has to tell us.A. some good pieces of newsB. some pieces

22、of good newsC. some good piece of newsD. some piece of good news6、Generally there are television programs for children on Saturday.A.littleB. muchC.a large number ofD.a large amount of對量詞的提問句型對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many;對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用how much ,但對不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時要用how many。如：I would like two apples. f How

23、 many apples would you like?I want some bread. f How much bread do you want?I want three glasses of water.How many glasses of water do you want ? 詢問價格用 How much , 如：How much is the coat? How much are the coats?二.名詞的所有格所有格的構(gòu)成：1.有生命的名詞2.無生命的名詞有生命的名詞（1） 一般單數(shù)名詞后加's.如： my brother's book, Jack'

24、;s cat, the girl's pen（2）以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，只需在名詞右上方加如：the girls' dormitory , a teachers' college 注意：在不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后，要加's.如：women's clothes.（3）如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩個人共有，在后一個名詞詞尾加's,如： Tom and Peter's room湯姆和彼得的房間（共有）（4）如果一樣?xùn)|西不是共有的，兩個名詞都要加's.如：Tom's and Peter's rooms湯姆的房間和彼得的房間（不共有）無

25、生命名詞：無生命的名詞的所有格，通常用“of珞詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。如：the windows of the room（房間的窗戶）a picture of the horse（一張馬的照片）寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞習(xí)題1. house 4. orange 7. brush 10. city 13. class 16. dictionary 19. match 22. German 25. kilo 28. Chinese 31. leaf 34. tooth 37. knife 40. child 2. it 5. bag 8. family 11. box 14. factory 17.

26、watch 20. man 23. tomato 26. human 29. shelf 32. American 35. wife 38. sheep 41.tooth 3. zoo 6. exercise 9. bus 12. baby 15. glass 18. woman 21. this24. policeman 27. potato 30. Japanese 33. life 36. foot 39. half 42.mouth二選擇填空：1. I want to buy A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of ink C. two bottle

27、 of inksD. two bottles of inks2. They don t have to_d_otoday.A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework3. There are three and seven in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepC. cow, sheepD. much homeworksD. cow, sheeps4. June 1 is .A. children s day B. children 5. room is next to their pa

28、rentsA. Kate s and Joan sB. Kate 6. Miss Green is a friend of .A. Mary s mother s B. Mary 7. Sheep white and milk A. is, areB. are, is8. I ikde lto have a glass of milk and _ A. two breadsC. two pieces of breads Day C. Children s DayD. Children s days and Joan C. Kate and Joanmother C. Mary mother a

29、lso white.C. is, issD. Kate and JoanD. mother s of MaryD. are, areB. two pieces of breadsD. two piece of bread9. Many _A. womanare singing over there.B. womenC. girlD. child10. He bought .A. two pairs of shoesC. two pairs of shoe11. Mr. White has three .A. childB. childrenB. two pair of shoes D. two

30、 pair of shoeC. childsD. childrens12. -Are these ? - No, they arenA.sheep, cows B. sheep, cowt. They re C. sheeps, cow13. There are many in the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggs14. - Whose room is this? - It s .A. Li MingB. Li Ming sC. Li Mings15. Here are for you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoes16. Here

31、 are some birthday cards with our bestC. three tomatos for her.D. sheeps, cowsD. breadD. Li Mings D. some tomatoA. wishB. hopeC. wishesD. hopes17. I always go to thatA. shopto buy food on Sunday.B. parkC. zooD. garden18.room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily's C. Lucy ' s

32、and LilyD. Lucy ' s alnidy '19. Mum, I ' m quite thirsty. Please give meA. two orangeB. two bottle of orangesC. two bottles of orange20. 10. The cat caught twoD. two bottles of orangesA. mousesB. micelast night.C. mouseD. mices21. I met somein the park and talked with them the other day.

33、A.Janpaneses22. There are twoB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. EnglishA. shelf23. There are sevenA. years24. My father is aA. teacherin the room.B. shelfsC. shelfesD. shelvesin a week.B. monthsC. daysD. minutes.He works in a hospital.B. doctorC. farmerD. writer25. - Excuse me, are you? - Yes, Im fromA. Japan

34、, Japanese B. China, ChineseC. England, English26. They arejackets.27. What color iscoat.A. LucyA. Peter ' sD. American, AmericaB. Lucy 'B. Peter '28. These arebooks.A. teachersB. teachers '29. They areice creamsA. children 'B. children ' s30. This isbag.A. Tom and PeterB.Tom

35、' s and Peter31. Where areA. the schools studentsB. students ofthe school32. Those arebags.A. driversB. drivers '33.This bag isA.Mary' s and Tom ' s B. Mary and Tom34.A. Mary ' 35.Howfathers are coming.s and Kate 'BsMary are these books? A.'s and Kate C. Mary and Kate many B. much36. This pair of pantsblue. I likevery much.A. is, itB. are, themC. is, themD. are, it37.Howglasses of water do you want?A. manyB. much38. This isA. Mike and Jim's bikeB. Mike's and Ji