機(jī)電專業(yè)英語第2版10Unit 10

1、NC Program數(shù)控編程數(shù)控編程 徐存善主編THE PLANT OF CNC MACHINES(數(shù)控機(jī)床車間數(shù)控機(jī)床車間) 徐存善主編 徐存善主編 徐存善主編TEXTv A group of commands given to the CNC for operating the machine is called the programBy specifying the commands, tool is moved along a straight line or an arc, or the spindle motor is turned on and off. In the prog

2、ram，specify the commands in the sequence of actual tool movements (Fig. 10-1 a)v A group of commands at each step of the sequence is called the blockThe program consists of a group of blocks for a series of machiningThe number for discriminating each block is called the sequence number, and the numb

3、er for discriminating each program is called the program number 徐存善主編TEXTv The block and the program have the following configurations (Fig.10-1b) v A block starts with a sequence number to identify the block and ends with an end-of-block code. This manual indicates the end-of block code by：(LF in t

4、he ISO code and CR in the EIA code) v A program section consists of several blocksA program section starts with a program number and ends with a program end codeNormally，a program number is specified after the end-of-block (；) code at the beginning of the program，and a program end code(M02 or M30)is

5、 specified at the end of the program (Fig. 10-1c) 徐存善主編 TEXTv There are two program types, main program and subprogramWhen machining of the same pattern appears at many portions of a program, a program for the pattern is createdThis is called the subprogramOn the other hand, the original program is

6、called the main programNormally, the CNC operates according to the main programHowever, when a command calling a subprogram is encountered in the main program, control is passed to the subprogramWhen a command specifying a return to the main program is encountered in a subprogram, control is returne

7、d to the main program. See Fig. 10-2v The CNC memory can hold up to 400 main programs and subprograms(63 as standard)A main program can be selected from the stored main programs to operate the machine 徐存善主編NEW WORDS AND PHRASESv arc :k n弧線, ?。ǘ龋换」猓ㄈQelectric arc）；弧形物；天穹 v specify spesfai, -si- vt.

8、指定；列舉；詳細(xì)說明；把列入說明書v sequence si:kwns n次序，順序 vt. 按順序排好 v block blk n程序塊; 塊；街區(qū)；障礙物；大廈 vt. 阻塞；阻止discriminating diskrimineiti adj. 有識別力的；識別的；有差別的v preparatory priprtri, prep- adj. 預(yù)備的v dimension dimenn, dai- n維數(shù)v configuration kn,fijurein n. 配置；結(jié)構(gòu)；外形v identify aidentifai vt. 識別；確定；使參與；把看成一樣v subprogram s

9、b,prugrm, -rm n子程序；次程序；輔程序 徐存善主編NEW WORDS AND PHRASESv miscellaneous misleinis adj.各種各樣的；多方面的，多才多藝的v pattern ptn n圖形，圖案v original ridnl adj. 原始的；最初的；新穎的；獨創(chuàng)的v encounter inkaunt n. 遭遇，偶然碰見 v. 遭遇，邂逅；遇到v instruction instrkn n指令; 命令；指示；用法說明v ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織v s

10、equence number序號 v EIA (Electronic Industries Association) 電子工業(yè)聯(lián)合會 徐存善主編LANGUAGE POINTSv 1The number for discriminating each block is called the sequence number， and the number for discriminating each program is called the program numberv 譯文：區(qū)分各個組塊的號稱為順序號，區(qū)分每個程序的號稱為程序號。v 2A block starts with a seque

11、nce number to identify the block and ends with an end-of-blockv codev 譯文：一個程序塊以一個順序號開始并以一個程序塊結(jié)束碼結(jié)束。 徐存善主編LANGUAGE POINTSv 說明：句中start with以開始；end with以結(jié)束。v Lets start with what you know directly. v 讓我們直接從你所知道的開始。v This line should begin with a capital letter and end with a period. v 這一行應(yīng)該以大寫字母開頭，以句號結(jié)

12、尾。v Will the Copenhagen climate conference end with a deal on carbon emissions? v 哥本哈根氣候會議將會為碳排放收場？ 徐存善主編LANGUAGE POINTSv 3When machining of the same pattern appears at many portions of a program，a program for the pattern is createdThis is called the subprogramv 譯文： 在一個程序的許多部分出現(xiàn)相同圖形的加工時，專為該圖形編寫出一個程序

13、稱為子程序。v 4However，when a command calling a subprogram is encountered in the main program，control is passed to the subprogramv 譯文：不過，在主程序內(nèi)遇到一個調(diào)用子程序的命令時，控制傳到該子程序上。v 說明：句中is passed to傳給，轉(zhuǎn)到。v The trust such firms place in us is passed to clients. v 這些公司對我們的信任將直接嘉惠我們的客戶。 徐存善主編LANGUAGE POINTSv The spirit i

14、s passed down from generation to generation.這種精神一代一代地傳了下來。v 5When a command specifying a return to the main program is encountered in a subprogram，control is returned to the main programv 譯文： 在一個子程序內(nèi)遇到一個返回主程序的命令時，控制返回主程序。v 說明：句中return to回到，恢復(fù)。v Things will return to normal before too long.用不了太久，情況就會

15、恢復(fù)正常。v Doctors say she can return to school in about a week. v 醫(yī)生說她大約一星期之后就能回到學(xué)校。 徐存善主編EXERCISESv I. Answer the following questionsv 1What is a program? v 2What is the block? The block means a group of commands at each step of the sequence v 3Briefly describe the block configuration A block starts w

16、ith a sequence number to identify the block and ends with an end-of-block code.v 4Briefly describe the program configurationv A program section consists of several blocksA program section starts with a program number and ends with a program end code A group of commands given to the CNC for operating

17、 the machine is called the program. 徐存善主編EXERCISESv II. Place a “T” (true) or an “F”( false) beside the sentences according to the text. v 1A group of commands given to the CNC for operating the machine is called the blockv 2A group of commands at each step of the sequence is called the programv 3Se

18、quence number is used to discriminating the block v 4A program section starts with a program number and ends with M02 or M30 v 5When machining of the same pattern appears at many portions of a program，the program is created to the subprogram 徐存善主編 EXERCISES v III. Translate the following sentences i

19、nto Chinese.v 1. In the program，specify the commands in the sequence of actual tool movements 在程序中，命令根據(jù)實際的刀具運動順序來選定。v 2. A block starts with a sequence number to identify the block and ends with an end-of-block code 一個程序塊以一個順序號開始并以一個程序塊結(jié)束碼結(jié)束。 3. There are two program types, main program and subprogr

20、am 程序有兩種類型：主程序與子程序。 v 4. Normallythe CNC operates according to the main program 通常情況下，CNC根據(jù)主程序來操作。 徐存善主編TRANSLATING SKILLS非謂語動詞非謂語動詞V-V-INGING的用法的用法v 非謂語動詞是動詞的一種非限定形式，不可單獨作謂語，其形式不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。非謂語動詞有三種形式：V-ing , V-ed, to-V。由于非謂語動詞由動詞變化而來，因此它也保留了動詞的特性，可帶有自己的賓語和狀語。v V-ing 形式通常被劃分為動名詞和現(xiàn)代分詞。在使用時也可不加區(qū)分，但要準(zhǔn)

21、確把握其用法，弄清V-ing 形式在句中的作用及意義。v V-ing (或V-ing短語)可在句子中用作主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語等。v 1. 作主語v Knowing how to use computer is useful. 知道怎樣使用電腦是很有用的。 徐存善主編 TRANSLATING SKILLSv Controlling a machine tool using a punched tape or stored program is known as numerical control (NC). 數(shù)字控制就是利用穿孔紙帶或儲存的程序來控制機(jī)床。v 2. 作表語v His gr

22、eat fun is chatting with strangers online.v 他最大的樂趣就是在網(wǎng)上和陌生人聊天。v 3. 作賓語v They are considering changing their operation plan. v 他們正在考慮改變操作計劃。v The second step in minimizing costs of production is choosing the cheapest of the technical efficient alternatives.v 降低生產(chǎn)成本的第二個措施是選用最便宜的技術(shù)上有效地替代品。 徐存善主編 TRANSL

23、ATING SKILLSv 4. 作定語v 單個的V-ing 作定語時，常放在被修飾名詞的前面（也可放其后）； 但V-ing短語作定語時一般放在被修飾名詞的后面。v All moving bodies have energy. 所有運動著的物體都有能量。v A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.v 直流電流是指電流總向同一個方向流動的電流。v 5. 狀語v V-ing短語作狀語時，常表示逐句謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式、讓步、伴隨情況等。它們可置于句首、句中或句尾。v Havin

24、g never handled a machine, he met with a lot of difficulties at first.v 由于他從來沒開過機(jī)器，一開始碰到很多困難。（原因狀語）v When measuring current, the circuit must be opened and the meter inserted in series with the circuit or component to be measured. 當(dāng)測量電流時，必須斷開電路，以將萬用表與待測電路或元器件相串聯(lián)。（時間狀語） 徐存善主編 TRANSLATING SKILLSv 6. 做

25、主語或賓語的補(bǔ)足語v We put a hand above an electric fire and feel the hot air rising.v 我們把手放在電爐的上方，就會感覺到熱空氣在上升。v He found the machine stopping working. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)床停止了轉(zhuǎn)動。v 7. V-ing 的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)v 多數(shù)情況下V-ing形式的邏輯主語和主句的主語相一致，但有時不一致，這時V-ing形式的邏輯主語和V-ing構(gòu)成其獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。v With Mr. Green taking the lead, they decided to set up a tradi

26、ng company.v 以格林先生為首，他們決定成立一個貿(mào)易公司。 徐存善主編READING MORE Example Program Showing In this particular example，we are milling around the outside of a workpiece contourNotice that we are using a one inch diameter endmill for machining the contour and we are programming the very center of the end millLater，d

27、uring key concept number four，we will discuss a way to actually program the workpiece contour (not the cutter centerline path)While you may not understand all commands given in this program，concentrate on understanding what is happening in the motion commands(G00，G01，and G02G03)With study，you should

28、 be able to see what is happeningMessages in parentheses are provided to document what is happening in each command 徐存善主編 READING MOREv v 在以下具體的例子中，我們將對工件的外形輪廓進(jìn)行銑削。使用一把直徑為一英寸的立銑刀加工輪廓，并以立銑刀的中心為編程軌跡。然后，在關(guān)鍵的第四步，我們會討論工件輪廓的一種實際的編程方式（而不是刀具中心線軌跡）。盡管你可能不明白這個程序所提供的所有命令，但要集中精力搞清楚運動指令中發(fā)生了什么（G00，G01和G02/G03 ）。在

29、學(xué)習(xí)中，你應(yīng)該能夠搞清楚發(fā)生了什么。括號內(nèi)所提供的信息是程序中每個命令的解釋。 徐存善主編 READING MOREv Programv 00002(Program number) v N005 G54 G90$350 M03(Select coordinate system，absolute mode，and start spindle CW at 350 RPM)v N010 G00 X一625 Y一25(Rapid to point 1)v N0 1 5 G43 H0 1 Z一25(Instate tool length compensation，rapid tool down to w

30、ork surface)v N020 G01 X525 F35(Machine in straight motion to point 2)v N025 G03 X625 Y75 R10(CCW circular motion to point 3)v N030 G01 Y325(Machine in straight motion to point 4) 徐存善主編v 程序v O0002(程序號) v N005 G54 G90 S350 M03(選擇坐標(biāo)系，絕對坐標(biāo)編程，主軸轉(zhuǎn)速順時針350轉(zhuǎn)每分鐘)v N010 G00 X-625 Y-25(快速移動到點1)v N015 G43 H01 Z

31、-25(進(jìn)行刀具長度補(bǔ)償，快速移動到工件表面)v N020 G01 X525 F35(刀具直線移動到點2)v N025 G03 X625 Y75 R10(刀具逆時針圓周移動到點3)v N030 G01 Y325(刀具直線移動到點4) 徐存善主編 READING MOREv N035 G03 X525 Y425 R10(CCW circular motion to point 5)v N040 G0 1 X75(Machine in straight motion to point 6)v N045 G03 X一25 Y325 R10(CCW circular motion to point 7

32、)v N050 G0 1 Y75(Machine in straight motion to point 8)v N055 G03 X75 Y一25 R10(CCW circular motion to point 9)v N060 G00 Z1(Rapid away from workpiece in Z)v N065 G91 G28 Z0 (Go to the machines reference point in Z)v N070 M30 (End of program) 徐存善主編v N035 G03 X525 Y425 R10(刀具逆時針圓周移動到點5)v N040 G01 X75(

33、刀具直線移動到點6)v N045 G03 X-25 Y325 R10(刀具逆時針圓周移動到點7)v N050 G01 Y75(刀具直線移動到點8)v N055 G03 X75 Y-25 R10(刀具逆時針圓周移動到點9)v N060 G00 Z1(Z方向上快速離開工件)v N065 G91 G28 Z0(移動到Z方向上機(jī)器參考點)v N070 M30(程序結(jié)束) 徐存善主編 READING MOREv Keep in mind that CNC controls do vary with regard to limitations with motion typesFor example，so

34、me controls have strict rules governing how much of a full circle you are allowed to make within one circular commandSome require directional vectors for circular motion commands instead of allowing the R wordSome even incorporate automatic corner rounding and chamfering，minimizing the number of mot

35、ion commands that must be givenThough you must be prepared for variations，and you must reference your control manufacturers programming manual to find out more about your machines motion commands，at least this presentation has shown you the basics of motion commands and you should be able to adapt t

36、o your particular machine and control with relative. 徐存善主編v 要注意的是不同的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)都有切削進(jìn)給類型的局限。例如，有些數(shù)控系統(tǒng)在一個圓弧進(jìn)給命令中對允許切削多大的圓有著嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定。有些數(shù)控系統(tǒng)在圓周命令中要求方向矢量而非R關(guān)鍵字。有些數(shù)控系統(tǒng)甚至加上了自動圓角、倒角，最大限度地減少了運動命令的數(shù)量。盡管你必須為各種變化做好準(zhǔn)備，也必須參考數(shù)控系統(tǒng)制造商提供的編程手冊中的編程命令，但至少本節(jié)內(nèi)容給你提供了最基本的切削運動編程命令，使你更容易地適應(yīng)特定的機(jī)器和控制系統(tǒng)。 徐存善主編NEW WORDS AND PHRASESv partic

37、ular ptikjul adj.特殊的，特別的 v contour kntu n輪廓 v diameter daimit n直徑 v centerline sentlain n中心線 v parentheses prenisi:z n. 圓括號（parenthesis的復(fù)數(shù)形式） v document dkjumnt, dkjument n.文件，公文；文檔vt.用文件證明v instate insteit vt任命 v compensation ,kmpensein n補(bǔ)償; 賠償金；報酬 v limitation ,limitein n限制，局限性 v directional direk

38、nl adj方向的v vector vekt n向量v incorporate ink:preit adj 合并的，一體v.包含，吸收；體現(xiàn)；合并 徐存善主編NEW WORDS AND PHRASES v chamfering tmfri n倒角，切角v minimizing minimaizi n. 數(shù)自 極小化；求最小參數(shù)值v variation ,vriein n變更，變化v presentation ,prezntein n介紹，陳述v relative reltiv adj. 相對的；有關(guān)系的；成比例的v CCW(counterclockwise) 逆時針方向 v circular

39、motion圓周運動 v reference point參考點v keep in mind記住，謹(jǐn)記v vary with隨而變化v adapt to適合 徐存善主編v Exercisev Translate the following phrases into English.v 1. 集中 2. 記住 3. 適合 4. 關(guān)于 5. 嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定 v 6. 代替 7.參考點 8. 圓周運動 9. 編程手冊 10. 自動圓角 v 1. concentrate on 2. keep in mind 3. adapt to 4. with regard to v 5. strict rules 6.

40、 instead of 7. reference point 8. circular motion v 9. programming manual 10. automatic corner rounding 徐存善主編v 參考譯文v Reading More 數(shù)控編程示例數(shù)控編程示例v 在以下具體的例子中，我們將對工件的外形輪廓進(jìn)行銑削。使用一把直徑為一英寸的立銑刀加工輪廓，并以立銑刀的中心為編程軌跡。然后，在關(guān)鍵的第四步，我們會討論工件輪廓的一種實際的編程方式（而不是刀具中心線軌跡）。盡管你可能不明白這個程序所提供的所有命令，但要集中精力搞清楚運動指令中發(fā)生了什么（G00，G01和G02/G03 ）。在學(xué)習(xí)中，你應(yīng)該能夠搞清楚發(fā)生了什么。括號內(nèi)所提供的信息是程序中每個命令的解釋。v