高二-虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法講解(ppt)

1、條件句表示主句的條件條件句表示主句的條件,分分真實(shí)條真實(shí)條件句件句 和和虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 兩種。兩種。a. 真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句 表示條件是表示條件是真的或有可真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的能實(shí)現(xiàn)的, 采用采用陳述語(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣。b. 虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 表示條件是表示條件是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)或無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的, 采用采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 一、用法歸納一、用法歸納:虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法主從主從 句句構(gòu)構(gòu) 成成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)虛擬條件虛擬條件 從句從句(if )主主 句句 與現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)在事實(shí)相反的相反的 假設(shè)假設(shè) 與過(guò)與過(guò)去事實(shí)去事實(shí)相反的相反的 假設(shè)假設(shè)If + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + did

2、 (be用用 were)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would/ should/could/ might +do If + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + had done主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would/ should/could/ might have done 主從主從 句句構(gòu)構(gòu) 成成虛擬條件從句虛擬條件從句(if)主主 句句 與將與將來(lái)情況來(lái)情況相反的相反的 假設(shè)假設(shè)If + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + did If + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) +were to do If + 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + should do主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + would/ should/could/ might do時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 二二 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句中的應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句中的應(yīng)用1）

3、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)：主句謂語(yǔ)：If I were you, I would go there.過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)would, should, could, might +動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形注意：在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，只能用注意：在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，只能用were，不能用，不能用was.If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa. 三三 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)：主句謂語(yǔ)： If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see a film. If he should have time next Sunday, he

4、 would go to visit the Great Wall.1) If I were to be twenty next year, I could take the course.1）過(guò)去時(shí)）過(guò)去時(shí)would, should, could, might +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形2）should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形3) were to + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 四四 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)：主句謂語(yǔ)：If he had come earlier, he would have seen her.had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞would, should, could, mi

5、ght + have + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterdayHad I had time, I would have gone to see the film.=If I had had time, I would have gone to see the film.五五 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句中，可以省略在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句中，可以省略if ，但要，但要把狀語(yǔ)從句變成一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序。把狀語(yǔ)從句變成一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序。_ today, he wo

6、uld get there on Friday. Was he leaving B. If he leavesA.C. Were he to leave D. If he is leavingC六 有時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句不用有時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句不用if引導(dǎo)，而用引導(dǎo)，而用but for, without, if only, otherwise等詞。等詞。 But for your help, I couldnt have made such great progress in English. Without air, we couldnt live. 3) If only the weat

7、her were fine.1)4) I had been there by taxi, otherwise I would have missed the train.以以but for, without開(kāi)頭的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式開(kāi)頭的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和和if的主句的一致。的主句的一致。主、從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式都和主、從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式都和if從句相一致。從句相一致。以以If only開(kāi)頭的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和開(kāi)頭的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和if從句的從句的一致。一致。七七 有時(shí)虛擬條件從句與主句的時(shí)間不一致，有時(shí)虛擬條件從句與主句的時(shí)間不一致，出現(xiàn)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)。出現(xiàn)混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)

8、。 If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be well. If I were you I would not have gone to see the film yesterday.在混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句表示的動(dòng)作與主句在混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句表示的動(dòng)作與主句表示的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)表示的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它們發(fā)生的時(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。詞的形式要根據(jù)它們發(fā)生的時(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。 She talked about America as if he had been born there. H

9、e sings as though he were a singer.八、由八、由as if或或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式過(guò)去式或或had + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。1) He appears as though he _ an Italian. A. were B. was C. has been D. be2) It seems as if he _ there yesterday. A. was B. were C. has been D. had beenAD九、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用九、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用(1）

10、* wish + 賓語(yǔ)從句 I wish I were a doctor. I wish I should go abroad next year.1)3) I wish I had seen the football match.與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用事實(shí)相反，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)。與與將來(lái)將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用事實(shí)相反，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should, would, could, might + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形。與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用事實(shí)相反，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完過(guò)去完成時(shí)成時(shí)。(2) * suggest等 + 賓語(yǔ)

11、從句。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：order, insist, demand, desire, command, propose, request等。 The teacher suggested that our sports meeting (should) be put off till next week. The headmaster ordered that all of the students (should) be here on time.1) He insisted that we (should) attend the meeting.在賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用在賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用sh

12、ould + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略?？墒÷浴Ｔ谠?command, order , require ,demand, request, insist, propose, suggest等動(dòng)詞等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用后面的賓語(yǔ)從句，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形We suggest that we (should) have a meeting.We insisted that they (should) go with us.注意注意：insist, suggest后接的賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬后接的賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況。語(yǔ)

13、氣的情況。 she insisted that she was right. 2) The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.當(dāng)當(dāng)insist的意思是的意思是堅(jiān)持某人自己的觀點(diǎn)堅(jiān)持某人自己的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，后接的時(shí)，后接的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。賓語(yǔ)從句不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)當(dāng)suggest的意思是的意思是暗示、表明暗示、表明時(shí)，后接的賓語(yǔ)從時(shí)，后接的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 My suggestion is that you (should) visit the farm. His idea is that the stude

14、nts (should) make a plan.(3）* 句中有句中有suggestion, plan, idea, order, requirement, motion, recommendation, proposal等名詞，其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句等名詞，其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中。名詞名詞advice, order, demand, proposal, command, requirement, insistence, suggestion, re

15、quest等的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，等的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成是其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成是(should) +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for our summer vocation.(4）* 記住下面幾個(gè)句型：記住下面幾個(gè)句型： natural/important/necessary/impossible surprising/strange/funny/essentialIt is + that requested/suggested/desi

16、red/proposed a pity/a matter of regret/a shame/no wonder從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形在在主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示驚中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜，理應(yīng)如此等主觀的情感奇，不相信，惋惜，理應(yīng)如此等主觀的情感,其謂其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) +動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。1.It is important that we (should) clean the room every day. (necessary, natural, strange, etc.

17、)2.It is a pity that you (should) be so careless. (a shame, no wonder, etc.)3.It is suggested that Miss Liu (should) give a performance at the party.( decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc)2. Its time that we had(或should have) a class.在在Its about/high time that句型中，從句的謂語(yǔ)句型中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)或sh

18、ould do sth.3.I would rather you finished the work today. I would rather you finished the work tomorrow. Id rather you had finished the work yesterday.在在would rather句型中，與句型中，與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句事實(shí)相反，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)；與；與現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用反，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)。1. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 If you had listened

19、to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now. If the doctor had come in time, Amy would still be alive. If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.十十 幾種特殊情況幾種特殊情況十一十一 If 可能被省略可能被省略,從句要倒裝從句要倒裝 Were she in charge (= If she were in charge) , she would do things differently. Had I know

20、n your address (= If I had known your address) , I would have written before. Should you change your mind (= If you should change your mind), no one would blame you.十二十二 不含條件從句不含條件從句, 但有條件假設(shè)意義但有條件假設(shè)意義 Without your help, I couldnt have achieved all this. ( If it hadnt been for your help) 2.But for hi

21、s pension, he would starve. ( If it were not for his pension)十三十三 If only 意為：若是意為：若是.那該多好啊那該多好啊; 真希望真希望.; 只要只要, 只要只要.就好就好If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice十四十四 由由so that , in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其謂語(yǔ)

22、形式為其謂語(yǔ)形式為may (might), can (could)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形.Speak louder so that I can hear you.He got up much earlier this morning in order that he might catch the first bus to the city.I went to the cinema early so that I could find a good seat. I wish people would find out about the facts and not act as if I were

23、 a bad or dangerous person. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug. 條件句可分為兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)為條件句可分為兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)為，一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)非真實(shí)條件句條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。虛擬語(yǔ)氣常見(jiàn)用法虛擬語(yǔ)氣常見(jiàn)用法The volleyball match will be put off if it rain

24、s.Fact!The weatherman forecasted no rain for tomorrow; but if it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.二二 虛擬語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)：1. 非真實(shí)非真實(shí)條件從句條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣,也稱(chēng)為也稱(chēng)為混合虛擬混合虛擬。主。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。 如果你開(kāi)車(chē)如果你開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)時(shí)不

25、是太快，不是太快，現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在你就不會(huì)在醫(yī)院了。你就不會(huì)在醫(yī)院了。 If you hadnt driven too fast , you wouldnt be in hospital now.2.假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有條件從句中有should， were， had三個(gè)三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞可可 以把以把if省略，并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。省略，并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up.If you hadnt broken the rule, you wouldnt be in troubles now.Had you not broken the