高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)全

1、高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解. 概念：(1) 定語(yǔ)從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。(2) 先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語(yǔ)，或整個(gè)主句。(3) 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：1) 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；2) 必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份（可以做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)）常用的關(guān)系代詞: that、 which、 who、whom、whose,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語(yǔ)）: when（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）、why

2、（原因狀語(yǔ)）、 where（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）可以修飾人的關(guān)系代詞：that, who, whom, whose可以修飾事的關(guān)系代詞：that, which, as, whose, The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window faces the sea. 定語(yǔ)從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法

3、功能（做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。. 幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：that: 可指人或物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。(指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或 whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句; 不可置于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)) 如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主語(yǔ))2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （賓語(yǔ)

4、）4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表語(yǔ)）7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.（= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometow

5、n is different from what it used to be。= Our hometown is not what it used to be.）which: 指物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語(yǔ)）2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（賓語(yǔ)）who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在從句中作主語(yǔ)，只可指人whom: 賓格，在從句中只能作賓語(yǔ); 只

6、可指人whose: 表所屬關(guān)系，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。譯為：某人的，某物的whose + 名詞 =the + n. + of which (某物的) the + n. + of whom (某人的)I like the students who/that work hard. （主語(yǔ)）The boy (that/ who / whom ) we saw yesterday is Tom.I know the girl whose father is a teacher.(whose father = the father of whom)A child whose parents are dead

7、is called an orphan.（指人）(whose parents = the parents of whom)I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物）(whose window =the window of which)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ) (在定語(yǔ)從句中，介詞提前時(shí)，介詞后：表人用 whom；表物用 which)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末. 但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。關(guān)系代詞who 和 that 用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 介詞必須放在句末.）

8、The man (whom / who / that ) my mother is talking with is Mr Black.= The man with whom my mother is talking is Mr Black.This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook h

9、ands with?The library from which we can borrow books is very big.This is the book about which I told you just now.as 的用法:(as 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))如為限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as(與相同)；such as （如此，這樣）; as many/much as（和一樣多）；so/as as（與一樣）等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一樣的書(shū)。 He

10、r attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (關(guān)系代詞as和指示代詞same連用, 在從句中用作表語(yǔ), 先行詞是same.).-Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with

11、our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure about. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比較：I live in the same house that he used to live in. I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定語(yǔ)從句） Here is so big

12、 a stone that no one can lift it.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）如為非限制性的，as還可以單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，代替整個(gè)主句，這種定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為"正如，這一點(diǎn)"。（動(dòng)詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作賓語(yǔ))=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主語(yǔ)）眾所周知：As we all

13、 know, Its well-know (to us all) that=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .=Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .（as 作賓語(yǔ)）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (賓語(yǔ), 先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子). 關(guān)系副詞(whe

14、n, where, why)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,它們后面的句子完整，只缺狀語(yǔ)，它們都可以等于 介詞+ which , 其中 why 只等于 for which.When 指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行詞為"時(shí)間名詞"，可用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，when

15、在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)；還可以用which或that 引導(dǎo)，which或that在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。比較: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作狀語(yǔ)）I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作謂語(yǔ) spent 的賓語(yǔ)） Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, will be exciting.（賓語(yǔ)）I shall never forget the day wh

16、en Shen Zhou was launched.There are occasions when joking is not permissible.Where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to live. 注意：先行詞是"地點(diǎn)名詞"，定語(yǔ)從句可用where引導(dǎo)，還可用which或that引導(dǎo)，which/tha

17、t 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 比較: This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作狀語(yǔ)）This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作賓語(yǔ)）·Why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。先行詞為reason 時(shí)，可用for which指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如：The reason why + 定語(yǔ)從句 is that + 表語(yǔ)從句 （的原因是）The reason why / for which / (tha

18、t) he didn't come to school was that he was ill.I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作賓語(yǔ)） He asked me the reason that can explain my success. （作主語(yǔ)）He was late .That's because he got up late.(Thats because + 原因) 那是因?yàn)?He got up late. That's why he was late.(表語(yǔ)從句)（Thats

19、why + 結(jié)果） 那是的原因 (the reason) why/for which he was late. (定語(yǔ)從句)當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用that, in which,或省略引導(dǎo)詞way后的定語(yǔ)從句 的引導(dǎo)詞不用時(shí)較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。如:This is the way (that) /（in which）I do such things.比較: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：1. 形式

20、上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。2. 語(yǔ)法上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不用that.3. 語(yǔ)義上，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句子就不完整或者會(huì)改變意思；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best. 這就是我最喜歡的那本書(shū)。Beijing, （which has been China's capital for more than 800 years ,） is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中國(guó)八百年之

21、久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。4. 翻譯時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為"的"字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為兩句。（見(jiàn)上句翻譯）比較: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人時(shí)用who, whom, whose , 指物時(shí)用which , whose; 關(guān)系副詞when，where, why, etc.1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which lea

22、ds to his success in his later life.（which 代替整個(gè)前面整個(gè)主句）2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. . 幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較:that & which:在定語(yǔ)從句

23、中，which 和that 在指代事物時(shí)，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.只能用that的情況：先行詞為much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing), the one等不定代詞或受其修飾時(shí); 1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.There's nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was

24、 bought yesterday?先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí);1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),包括the las

25、t, the next;1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.先行詞

26、既有人又有物, 只用that. 如：1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí). 1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive

27、 .如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which ,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)。1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?主句是There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語(yǔ)從句宜用that 作關(guān)系代詞. 如：1

28、. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. 先行詞在從句中做表語(yǔ)時(shí) 1. He is not the young man that he was 30 years ago.2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .定語(yǔ)從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí). 1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.

29、2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中. 1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that, 另一個(gè)宜用which . 1. Let me show

30、 you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語(yǔ)時(shí). 1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.先行詞本身是that, 宜用which . What's that which she is looking at?先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞. A sho