高三英語精編復習資料語法專題名詞和代詞

1、2009年高三英語精編復習資料：語法專題（名詞和代詞）名詞：歷年高考英語對名詞的考查：一、名詞詞義辨析：1.對固定搭配中的名詞的考查此部分主要考查名詞與形容詞、動詞或介詞的搭配。搭配問題比較復雜, 有時是依據(jù)語法搭配, 有時又是依據(jù)習慣搭配。由于沒有任何規(guī)律可言, 語境的輔助作用又比較有限, 因此備考中應強調(diào)日常積累與總結歸類。 例1：Don't leave matches or cigarettes on the table within_ of little children.A.hand B.reach C.space D.distance例2：This is not a mat

2、ch. We're playing chess just for_.A.habit B.custom C.fun D.game2.依據(jù)語境選擇合適的名詞此部分主要考查多義詞在特定的上下文語境中的意義選擇, 它要求考生既能掌握名詞近義詞之間的細微區(qū)別, 又要能夠充分挖掘語境的內(nèi)在要求, 這是名詞考查的最難部分。例3：lt can't be a（n）_that four jewelry stores were robbed one night.A.coincidence B.accident C.incident D.chance例4：l'm sorry l stepped

3、 outside for a smoke. l was very tired.There is no_ for this while you are on duty. A.reason B.excuse C.cause D.explanation二、可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞及它們之間的轉(zhuǎn)化。高考對此點的考查主要集中在兩個方面：一是考查名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)；二是抽象名詞與普通名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化。.對名詞可數(shù)、不可數(shù)的考查例：He gained his_ by printing_ of famous writers.A.wealthB.wealths; worksC.wealths; workD.wealth;

4、 works.抽象名詞與普通名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化 例：When you finish reading the book, you will have_ better understanding of _life. A.a; the B.the; a C.不填; the D.a;不填例7：One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain_ good knowledge of basic word formation. A.不填B.the C.a D.one 三、名詞作定語名詞作定語時, 通常用單數(shù)形式。某些常用復數(shù)名詞作復數(shù)名詞定語的情況要專門

5、總結記憶。如：arms production, clothes shop, sales department, a goods train, savings bank, plastics industry 等。例8：The_ is just around the corner and you won't miss it.A.bicycle's shop B.bicycle shop C.bicycles shop D.bicycles' shop答案：1-5 BCABD6-8 DCB 代詞：下面我們來具體看一下每種代詞的特點和高考考查要點。1、人稱代詞 1）人稱代詞作主

6、語用主格, 作賓語、表語用賓格, 但應注意以下4中情況： 作主語的人稱代詞如果孤立地使用于無謂語動詞的句子中, 或在這種句子中與動詞不定式連用, 常用賓格。 Does any of you know where Tom lives? Me. 句子中代詞作賓語或賓語補足語時, 與所替代的名詞在人稱、數(shù)、格在意義上一般要保持前后一致。 The thief was thought to be he. 作表語人稱代詞一般用賓格, 但在強調(diào)句型中, 被強調(diào)部分代詞的格不變。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.在比較

7、級的句子中than、as后用主格、賓格都可以。如：He is taller than me（I）.但在下列句中有區(qū)別。 I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her. 2.物主代詞 （1）名詞和形容詞性物主代詞各自的語法功能。 （2）one's own=.of one's own 句式的轉(zhuǎn)換。 （3）某些固定結構中常用定冠詞代替物主代詞。 如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg. 3.反身代詞 （1）反身代詞的語法功能：賓語、表語、主語或賓語的同位語。 （2）反身代詞

8、和某些動詞連有, 構成固定短語。 enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood4.相互代詞（each other, one another） 相互代詞無人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別, 在句中作賓語。其所有格分別為each other's, one another's ,作定語。 一般來說, each other指兩者之間, one another指三者或三者以上之間, 但現(xiàn)在區(qū)分已不明顯。 5.指示代詞（this, that , these, those, such, same）6、疑

9、問代詞（who,whom,which,what,whose） 疑問代詞在句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語。7.連接代詞和關系代詞 連接代詞與疑問代詞的形式相同, 主要有who、whom 、whose、what、which以及它們與ever合成的代詞whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它們用來引導主語從句, 賓語從句和表語從句, 即連接復合句中的主句和從句, 并在從句中擔任一定的句子成分, 以連接代詞引起的名詞性從句前不能再加that. 關系代詞是用來引導定語從句的代詞, 它們包括who、whom、whose、which、that等8、不定代詞 不定代詞主要有：

10、all、every、both、either、neither、one、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。還有由some、any、no和every構成合成代詞, 不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì), 并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分, 在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等（every、no只能作定語）。精典名題：1. The Parkers bought a new house but_will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it C.one D.which 2.I

11、f you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_$ 15.A.another B.other C.more D.each 3. Few pleasures can equal _of a cool drink on a hot day.A.some B.any C.that D.those、3.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure.A.that B.one C.it D.what4.Sarah has read l