《國際商法導論》PPT課件

1、 Three Tasks Task one: what is International business law? Task two: what are the sources of International business law? Task three: what are the similarities and differences between the common law and the civil law? Definition International business law- refers to total norms and customary practice

2、s regulating International business transactions and all kinds of relationships between business organizations across national boundaries. 國際商法是調整國際商事交易（commercial transaction）與商事組織（business organization）各種關系的法律規(guī)范（legal norm）的總和。 1 the subjects of international commercial transactions international

3、business organizations across national boundaries /multinational corporations （跨國經營的涉（跨國經營的涉外企業(yè)，特別是跨國公司）外企業(yè)，特別是跨國公司） 2 the contents of international business law mainly about the international business transactions, as well as the relationships between multinational corporations. Traditional materia

4、l trade transaction law immaterial transactions of technology, capital ,service and so on. e.g. company law negotiable instrument law 票據(jù)法 maritime law 海事法 insurance law law of international technology transfer技術轉讓法 industrial property law工業(yè)知識產權法 international investment law投資法 international financia

5、l law 銀行法 international tax law law of international dispute settlement仲裁法 3 the norms and customary practices in the international business law they are generally admitted and obeyed by the international world. source one National business law source two international business treaties and conventi

6、ons. source three international trade customs and usages source four international business cases Treaties are binding agreements between two or more states. 它主要是指涉及一些重大問題的政治、經濟、法律等問題，是兩個或多個國家共同參與達成的具有長期效力的協(xié)議，如邊界、領事、航運條約等。 Conventions are the legally binding agreements between states sponsored by in

7、ternational organizations. 公約是指針對某一些重大問題，有國際組織發(fā)起的，多個國家參與國際會議二締結的多變條約，它的主要內容多為造法性的。 e.g. GATT1947關稅與貿易總協(xié)定 CISG1980聯(lián)合國國際貨物買賣合同公約 Common law Civil law Similarities Differences Derived from English law dating back hundreds of years and are based on the principle of following long-established customs tha

8、t were written down in important court decisions, called Precedents. These prior court decisions that were written and handed down over time have themselves formed a set of laws that help guide the proper behaviors of people, businesses, and other institutions. Common law systems often have legislat

9、ures that pass laws as well; in the absence of a precedent or a clear legislative act, common law courts can create a new rule of law. England, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and some other countries that were once part of the British Empire all have common law legal systems. bas

10、ed on the principle that the only official source of law of a nation is what is specifically written in a code of books called Statutes. Statutory law（成文法） in a civil law system can be very complex since the lawmakers in a nation based on that system situation. Civil law systems are less flexible an

11、d adoptable than common law systems. Courts in civil law systems still must interpret the statutes that are passed, but, generally, they may not depart from the statutes and develop their own laws. Civil law systems evolved from the legal system of ancient Rome. The best known example of civil law i

12、s the French Napoleonic Code, or Code Napoleon, which has developed in 1807 by Napoleon Bonaparte and which still exists today. Most European countries, such as French, Germany, Spain, Portugal and Italy have their legal systems based on civil law. Additionally, many American, African, and Asian cou

13、ntries that were once colonies of countries of continental European nations have civil law systems. Japan and South Africa have civil law systems. Parts of civil law systems can be found in the courts of countries whose people are predominantly Muslim. Common law and civil law systems are not comple

14、tely separate; however, many common law countries have aspects of civil law in their legal systems. Furthermore, many non-Western countries have legal systems that are very different from traditional common law and civil law nations. (1) sourceCommon law based on court decisions or precedent Civil l

15、aw based on code, statutes, and prescribed texts（制定教科書）。 (2) the ways spreading around the worldCommon law a direct political linkage to England. Civil law the connection with other civil law countries is more tenuous. (3)Civil law is the easier of the two legal traditions to be received . (3)Common

16、 law is a matrix of case law and statutes; it sues the jury system and the doctrine of supremacy to limit the actions of the government; and it encompasses a complex terminology. 憲法（母法） 大法（ 子法） 國國際際法法經經濟濟法法行行政政訴訴訟訟法法行行政政法法刑刑事事訴訴訟訟法法刑刑法法民民事事訴訴訟訟法法民民法法商商法法 國際法國際法國際公法國際公法國際私法國際私法國際經濟法國際經濟法 共同點共同點均為調整國際

17、商事或經濟關系的法律規(guī)范的總稱均為調整國際商事或經濟關系的法律規(guī)范的總稱 區(qū)區(qū) 別：別： 國際商法國際商法 國際經濟法國際經濟法1）概念上）概念上僅僅是調整僅僅是調整更廣泛：不同國家間的自然人、法人更廣泛：不同國家間的自然人、法人及其他經濟實體之間，國家與國際組及其他經濟實體之間，國家與國際組織間織間2）淵源上）淵源上國際條約和國際國際條約和國際貿易慣例貿易慣例國際立法（包括國際條約和國際貿易國際立法（包括國際條約和國際貿易慣例）；重要國際組織的決議。慣例）；重要國際組織的決議。3）包含的內容）包含的內容上上更廣泛：國際貿易法（幾乎包括國際更廣泛：國際貿易法（幾乎包括國際商法的大部分內容）；國

18、際投資法；商法的大部分內容）；國際投資法；國際貨幣金融法；國際稅法；國際經國際貨幣金融法；國際稅法；國際經濟貿易爭端解決法律制度等濟貿易爭端解決法律制度等 1）Continental Law System 以德國和法國為代表的大陸法系（羅馬法系、民法法系）。-強調成文法（written law）的作用，主張編纂法典（code），強調系統(tǒng)化、條理化、法典化和邏輯化。 2）Common Law System 以英國和美國為代表的普通法系(普通法、判例法）。-來源于習慣法，表現(xiàn)在法官的判決中，以判例形式出現(xiàn)，強調程序。民法法系（大陸法系）民法法系（大陸法系）普通法系（英美法系、普通法系（英美法系、判例法系）判例法系）1）地域）地域法、德、葡、荷等大部分西歐法、德、葡、荷等大部分西歐國家及亞洲日、土、中臺國家及亞洲日、土、中臺美、英及曾經的英殖民美、英及曾經的英殖民地（加、澳、新、愛、地（加、澳、新、愛、印、印、Hk)2)起源起源以古羅馬法為傳統(tǒng)以古羅馬法為傳統(tǒng)以英國中世紀的法律為以英國中世紀的法律為傳統(tǒng)傳統(tǒng)3）相同點）相同點經濟基礎、階級本質相同，重視法治經濟基礎、階級本質相同，重視法治4)