主謂一致學(xué)案

1、xx主謂一致教案一般說(shuō)來(lái)，謂語(yǔ)必須與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致，即主謂一致。主謂一致涉及三個(gè)方面：語(yǔ)法上一致，意義上一致，就近一致。一、語(yǔ)法上一致1 不可數(shù)名詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)。Much milk is offered to him.Reading aloud is very important in learning English.To nod one s head means agreement.What they said is true.2 and 連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1）由and,both arid接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名

2、詞指同一個(gè)人，同一物，同一事，同一概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.2）凡是由 each and each ,every and every ,no and no ，many a a 連接名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.No boy and no girl doesn

3、t go to school at the age of seven in this village.3）由and連接的前置并列修飾語(yǔ)+不可數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.4）不可數(shù)名詞+兵團(tuán)并列修飾語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Beer from the USA and Germany is much better that from Britain.5）凡由 and 連接兩個(gè)帶the（a 或物主代詞）的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，如果只有前一個(gè)名詞帶the（a 或物主代詞）則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。The professor

4、 and the writer have published a few new books on radio.The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man.6)由and連接的第二個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)表示否定或帶有狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，為主的單復(fù)數(shù)與 第一個(gè)名詞一致。The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present.7)What 從句的并列式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，并列完整式常用復(fù)數(shù)，縮略式常用單數(shù)。What he says and what he thinks have nothing

5、to do with me.What I say and do is my own affair.8)由and連接的兩個(gè)疑問(wèn)代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù) 意義一致的原則確定單復(fù)數(shù)。When and where to build the new factory yet.(MET1991)A is not decidedB are not decided C has not decidedD have not decided (key:A)3 主語(yǔ)+介詞(短語(yǔ))：with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, morethan, ov

6、er, besides,together with, like, including, in addition to 等連接的名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)以介詞(短語(yǔ))前的主語(yǔ)為準(zhǔn)，不受介詞后的名詞影響。The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV.The girls as well as the teacher are dancing.考例： 1) E-mail, as well as telephones,an important role in our dailylife(1999 上海 )A playingB playC plays D have

7、played (keys:C)2) A library with five thousand booksto the nation as a gift.(MET 1990)A is offeredB has offeredC are offeredD have offered (keys: A)4 不定代詞either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,someone,somebody,anythi ng,nothing,something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

8、，none做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)均可。There is nothing wrong with the machine.Either of the shirts fits me very well.None of the farmers has (have)been abroad.5 many a (an) +名詞和more than one +名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Many an apple is in the basket.More than one stamp has been collected by her.6 在四則運(yùn)算中謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)均可。Three and four is (are)

9、 seven.Two times ten is (are) twenty.7 當(dāng) kind of, pair of, type of 等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與of 前的 kind, pair, type 等保持一致。如：This pair of trousers fits you.The kind of the apple tastes delicious.8 當(dāng) a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of 等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與of后的保持一致。There are plenty of eggs in the basket.Lots of me

10、at has been sold out.考例：As a result of destroying the forests, a largeof desertcoveredthe land.(2001 上海 )A number, hasB quantity, has C number, haveD quantity, have (key:B)9 當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與后面的名詞保持一致。Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.70 percent of people have known ab

11、out the truth.考例：71 f the land in that districtcovered with trees and grass.(2000 上海 )A Two fifth, is B Two fifth, are C Two fifth, is D Two fifths, are (key:C)72 在 one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句中如關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)判斷，若是one of結(jié)構(gòu)，定語(yǔ)從句用復(fù)數(shù)，若是the(only) one of 結(jié)構(gòu)，定語(yǔ)從句用單數(shù)。Zhou xia is one of the girls who like hik

12、ing.Tian lili is the only one of the girls who has passedthe exam.考例：He is the only of the students whoa winner of scholarship for threeyears.(2002 上海)A isB areC have beenD has been (key D)73 "a number of+數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，" the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。The number of books is no more tha

13、n 100, but a number of them is of little use.考例：thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.(NMET 1996)A were , wasB was, was C was , were,D were, were (key C)二、意義上一致1 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間，距離，價(jià)格、度量等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Ten years is quite a long time.2當(dāng)“the+容詞(過(guò)去分詞)”指一類(lèi)人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。指?jìng)€(gè)人或抽象概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單

14、數(shù)。The rich live a happy life, while the poor live a hard life.The wounded is our captain.3當(dāng)maths(mathematics), politics, physics等學(xué)科名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，但前有物主代詞修飾指某人的某方面時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。Maths is difficult to learn.His physics are poor.4 用作書(shū)名、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名、地區(qū)名稱(chēng)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.

15、The United States is a developed country.5如果名詞詞組的中心詞是 all, most, half, rest, part等詞語(yǔ)，表示的是復(fù) 數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，反之用單數(shù)。All of the rubbish was cleared away.All of the classmates have passed the examination.6 當(dāng)集合名詞family, class, army, group, team, enemy, government,public, couple等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果主語(yǔ)看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，如果看作其 中

16、的成員（個(gè)體時(shí)）謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。Class 3 are unable to agree on the plan.His family has just moved to Beijing.7有的名詞如police, cattle, people, clothes, trousers等沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)只能用復(fù)數(shù)，而有的名詞則是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)相同，如sheep, deer,aircraft, mean, fish, works, species,等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，就必須根據(jù)意思來(lái)確定其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Shortly after the accident, the police were sent

17、to keep order.考例： Every possible meansto prevent the air pollution, but the sky isstill not clear（2000 上海）。A is usedB are usedC has been used D have been used （keys:C）三、就近一致1 連詞 or, either or, not but, neither nor, not only butlso, wheth 連詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與它最靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。Either you or I am going to answer his q

18、uestion.Not only he but also his friends have been to NewYork.考例：Either you or the headmasterthe prizes to these gifted students at themeeting(1994 上海 )A is handing out B are to hand out C are handing outD is to hand out (key:D)2 在 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果主語(yǔ)不只是一個(gè)，謂語(yǔ)通常和鄰近的，即每一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。如：There is a desk and three

19、 chairs in the room.There are three chairsand a desk in the room.Addition:表達(dá)祝愿的句型。1)I/We/Let us +wish sb.+sth.I wish you happiness. I wish you a full recovery. I wish you every success in your new post. Let uswish you the very best of luck.2)主語(yǔ)(I We Let us) +wish+sb.+to do sth.Iwishyoutosucceedinyou

20、rperformance.Letuswishyoutowinstillgreatervictoriesint hescientific research.3)主語(yǔ)(I We ) hope侯語(yǔ)從句I hope all is going well with your family.4) May +主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形+其它May you both be always happy. May you return safe and sound. May all happiness attend you.5注語(yǔ)(I/We/let me ) +send /offer+賓語(yǔ)+forLet me offer my

21、 hearty good wished for your success.6)名詞to sb.Success to you all! A good journey to you! Good luck to everyone!1 .Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferent reasons.A. were ; wasB. was ; wasC. was ; wereD. were ; were2 .As a result of destroying the forests , a large of desert

22、 coveredthe land .A. number ; hasB. quantity ; hasC. number ; haveD. quantity ;have3.-Each ofthe students , working hard at his or her lessons , to go to university.Sodo I.A. hopeB. hopesC.hopingD. to hope4 . Eitheryou or the headmaster the prizes to those gifted students at themeeting.A. is handing

23、 outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out5 .When and where to build the new factory yet .A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided6 .Alibrary with five thousand books to the nation as a gift .A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered7.Of

24、the making of good books there is no end ;neither any end to theirinfluence onman's lives .A.there isB. there areC. is thereD. are there8.Bill's aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, ?A. isn't itB, is itC. isn't heD. is he9.1 t was only with the he

25、lp of the local guide .A. was the mountain climber rescuedB. that the mountain climber was rescuedC. when the mountain climber rescuedD. then the mountain climber was rescued10. I have always been honest and straightforward , and it doesn't matter I'm talkingto .A. who is itB. who it isC. it

26、 is whoD. it is whom11. Seventy percent of the students here from the countryside.A. isB. areC. comesD. has come12. Three fourths of the homework today .A. has finishedB. has been finishedC. have finishedD.have been finished13. Only in the school been repaired .A. one third of the desks ; hasB. one

27、third desks ; haveC. one third of the desks ;haveD. one third of desks ; have14. About 40 of the population of that country on farms .A. percent ; livesB. percent ; liveC. percents ; liveD. percents ; lives15. More than 60 percent of world's radio programmes in English.A. isB. wasC. areD. be16.

28、The total numberof the population in China about 100 million onApril 14, 1989.A. added upB. wasC. wereD. rose17. A large number of the students in our class girls.A. areB. wasC. isD. be18. The number of students of this school large.A. areB. wasC. isD. be19. The whole class the teacher attentively.A

29、. are listening toB.is listening toC. are listeningD. is listening20. The Chinese people hard working and brave .A areB.isC. has beenD . are being21. The police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appearedin a theatre.A. is searching forB. were searching forC. are searching forD. were searching

30、22. Those who in compositions , please hand them in this afternoon.A. hasn't handed ; hisB. haven't handed ; hisC. has handed ; theirD. have handed ;his23. Jane is one of the best students in her class who by their teacher.A. are praisedB.is praisedC. praisedD. praising24. He is the only one

31、 of the students who elected.A. areB. haveC. hasD. is25. The subject of physics always interested him .A. hasB. haveC. isD. are26. The subject of physics always interested him .A. hasB. haveC. isD are27. The United States of America one of the most largest countries inthe world.A. isB. areC. wasD. w

32、ere28. The Olympic Games held every years.A. is ; fourB. areC. is ; fiveD. are ; five29. Her to her children's faults quite extraordinary .A. blind ; isB. blind ; areC. blindness ; isD. blindness ; are30. Where rubbish , there are flies .A. there areB. there isC. isD. there has31. The news of vi

33、ctories spending far and wide .A. isB. areC. have beenD. were32. A great deal of energy this way .A. are wastedB. were wastedC. is wastedD. wastes33. The paper for books and newspapers made of wood .A. areB. isC .haveD. has34. The air in big cities very dirty .A. are often madeB. is often madeC. hav

34、e often madeD. has oftenmade35. The rest of the apples in our class within half an hour .A. is sold outB .are sold outC. was sold outD. were sold out36. “ All present and all going on well .” our monitor saiA. is ; isB. are ; areC. are ; isD. is ; are37. The rich not always happy.A. areB. isC. hasD

35、. have38. can be done been done .A. All ; haveB. All that ; haveC. All ; hasD.All that ; has39. Many a man come to help us .A. haveB. hasC. isD .are40. What you said just now the matter we arediscussing .A. have something to do atB. has something to do with C. had something to do with D. hasbeen som

36、ething to with41. Mary as well as her sisters Chinese in China .A. are studyingB. have studiedC. studiesD. study42. No one but her parents it .10 / 14A. knowB. knowsC. is knowingD. are knowing43. Alice , together with the two boys , for having broken the rule .A. was punishedB. punishedC. were punis

37、hedD. being punished44. Everyone here , including children and old people , in for sports .A. goB. goingC. to goD. goes45. I, who your teacher , will try my best to help you with your study .A. beB. amC. areD. is46. It is I who wrong.A . isB amC. areD. is47. No bird and no beast in the lonely island

38、 .A. are seenB. is seenC. seeD. sees48. Every means prevent the water from .A. are used to; pollutingB. get used to ; pollutingC. is used to ; pollutedD. is usedto ;being polluted49. Not only my brother but also I good at painting both of us good at painting.A. are ; areB. am ; areC. is ; isD. are ;

39、 is50. Either your parents or your elder brother to attend the meetingtomorrow.A. isB. areC. are goingD. have51. Neither my father nor I at home.A. amB. isC. areD. be52. Every boy and every girl to attend the evening party .A. wishB. wishesC. likeD. is like53. In winter wet clothes near fire.A. ofte

40、n hanged upB. are often hanged upC. is often hung upD. are often hung up54. Apples of this kind .A. tastesgoodB. tastes wellC. taste goodD. taste well55. Your trousers dirty , you must have washed.A. is ; itB. are ; itC. are ; themD. is ; them56. The league secretary and monitor asked to make a spee

41、ch at themeeting .A. isB. wasC. areD. were57. John has two brothers , but either out of work now.A. areB. isC. hasD. have58. The results of the exam that you have all made great .A. show ; progressB. shows ; progressC. show ; progressesD. shows ; progresses59. a good enough price for this book .A. T

42、wo yuans areB. Two yuan areC.Two yuans isD , Two yuan is60. Many people say 10,000 a lot of money .A. dollar isB. dollars areC. dollars isD. dollar are61. What we need good textbooks.A. isB. areC. haveD .has62.ProfessorWu,withthreelecturers,attendingasymposium（專(zhuān)題研討 會(huì) ）inShanghai on energy now.A isB areC was D were63.One and a half hours passed.A hasB areC isD have64. Ma