語法專題：名詞1

1、語法專題復(fù)習(xí)語法專題復(fù)習(xí)語法專題復(fù)習(xí)語法專題復(fù)習(xí)語法專題復(fù)習(xí)語法專題復(fù)習(xí)名詞名詞名詞名詞名詞名詞 一一一一一一. . .可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 名詞可以分名詞可以分名詞可以分名詞可以分名詞可以分名詞可以分可數(shù)可數(shù)可數(shù)可數(shù)可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和名詞和名詞和名詞和名詞和名詞和不可數(shù)不可數(shù)不可數(shù)不可數(shù)不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞。名詞。名詞。名詞。名詞。名詞。一般說來，一般說來，一般說來，一般說來，一般說來，一般說來，可數(shù)名詞表具體個別存在的可數(shù)名詞表具體個別存在的可數(shù)名詞表具體個別存在的可數(shù)名詞表具體個別存在的可數(shù)名詞表

2、具體個別存在的可數(shù)名詞表具體個別存在的事物事物事物事物事物事物，如：人、物體、動植物、團(tuán)體及，如：人、物體、動植物、團(tuán)體及，如：人、物體、動植物、團(tuán)體及，如：人、物體、動植物、團(tuán)體及，如：人、物體、動植物、團(tuán)體及，如：人、物體、動植物、團(tuán)體及總體中的部分?？傮w中的部分?？傮w中的部分。總體中的部分?？傮w中的部分?？傮w中的部分。不可數(shù)名詞表不能個別不可數(shù)名詞表不能個別不可數(shù)名詞表不能個別不可數(shù)名詞表不能個別不可數(shù)名詞表不能個別不可數(shù)名詞表不能個別存在的事物存在的事物存在的事物存在的事物存在的事物存在的事物，例如：物質(zhì)形態(tài)、抽象概，例如：物質(zhì)形態(tài)、抽象概，例如：物質(zhì)形態(tài)、抽象概，例如：物質(zhì)形態(tài)、抽象

3、概，例如：物質(zhì)形態(tài)、抽象概，例如：物質(zhì)形態(tài)、抽象概念。念。念。念。念。念。區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，單純區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，單純區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，單純區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，單純區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，單純區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，單純靠數(shù)數(shù)的方法并不十分準(zhǔn)確靠數(shù)數(shù)的方法并不十分準(zhǔn)確靠數(shù)數(shù)的方法并不十分準(zhǔn)確靠數(shù)數(shù)的方法并不十分準(zhǔn)確靠數(shù)數(shù)的方法并不十分準(zhǔn)確靠數(shù)數(shù)的方法并不十分準(zhǔn)確。1. 1. 1.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞用法的區(qū)別可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞用法的區(qū)別可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞用法的區(qū)別可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞用法的區(qū)別可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞用法的區(qū)別可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞用法的區(qū)別:

4、: :1)1)1)可數(shù)名詞可以被可數(shù)名詞可以被可數(shù)名詞可以被可數(shù)名詞可以被可數(shù)名詞可以被可數(shù)名詞可以被 a/an a/an a/an 修飾，且有復(fù)數(shù)修飾，且有復(fù)數(shù)修飾，且有復(fù)數(shù)修飾，且有復(fù)數(shù)修飾，且有復(fù)數(shù)修飾，且有復(fù)數(shù)形式，而不可數(shù)名詞不可以被形式，而不可數(shù)名詞不可以被形式，而不可數(shù)名詞不可以被形式，而不可數(shù)名詞不可以被形式，而不可數(shù)名詞不可以被形式，而不可數(shù)名詞不可以被 a/an a/an a/an 修飾，修飾，修飾，修飾，修飾，修飾，且沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：且沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：且沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：且沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：且沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：且沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： a book, wate

5、r, a job, work, stones. a book, water, a job, work, stones. a book, water, a job, work, stones. 2) 2) 2) 基數(shù)詞可以修飾可數(shù)名詞基數(shù)詞可以修飾可數(shù)名詞基數(shù)詞可以修飾可數(shù)名詞基數(shù)詞可以修飾可數(shù)名詞基數(shù)詞可以修飾可數(shù)名詞基數(shù)詞可以修飾可數(shù)名詞 (three (three (three books)books)books)， 不可以直接修飾不可數(shù)名不可以直接修飾不可數(shù)名不可以直接修飾不可數(shù)名不可以直接修飾不可數(shù)名不可以直接修飾不可數(shù)名不可以直接修飾不可數(shù)名詞詞詞詞詞詞 :three paper(

6、:three paper( :three paper( ) ) )。 但不可數(shù)名詞前但不可數(shù)名詞前但不可數(shù)名詞前但不可數(shù)名詞前但不可數(shù)名詞前但不可數(shù)名詞前加上量詞后則可以被基數(shù)詞修飾。加上量詞后則可以被基數(shù)詞修飾。加上量詞后則可以被基數(shù)詞修飾。加上量詞后則可以被基數(shù)詞修飾。加上量詞后則可以被基數(shù)詞修飾。加上量詞后則可以被基數(shù)詞修飾。例如：例如：例如：例如：例如：例如： a piece of paper/an item of news/an a piece of paper/an item of news/an a piece of paper/an item of news/an articl

7、e of clothing/a bit of wood/ article of clothing/a bit of wood/ article of clothing/a bit of wood/ a piece of furniture/a bar of chocolate/a a piece of furniture/a bar of chocolate/a a piece of furniture/a bar of chocolate/a loaf of bread loaf of bread loaf of bread 3)3)3)某些限定詞只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，某些某些限定詞只能修飾可數(shù)

8、名詞，某些某些限定詞只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，某些某些限定詞只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，某些某些限定詞只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，某些某些限定詞只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，某些則只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而某些則既能則只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而某些則既能則只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而某些則既能則只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而某些則既能則只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而某些則既能則只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而某些則既能修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如：例如：例如：例如：例如：例如： 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：只能修

9、飾可數(shù)名詞的有：只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：many, few, a many, few, a many, few, a number of number of number of 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：much ,little, a large amount of , a great much ,little, a large amount of , a great much ,little, a large a

10、mount of , a great deal of deal of deal of 既能修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名既能修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名既能修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名既能修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名既能修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名既能修飾可數(shù)名詞又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：詞的有：詞的有：詞的有：詞的有：詞的有：some, any ,plenty of ,a lot of , some, any ,plenty of ,a lot of , some, any ,plenty of ,a lot of , a large quantity of a large quantity o

11、f a large quantity of Nouns Countable or uncountable Single or plural Set phrases Meanings 1 1 1）基數(shù)詞（包括）基數(shù)詞（包括）基數(shù)詞（包括）基數(shù)詞（包括）基數(shù)詞（包括）基數(shù)詞（包括 bothbothboth）不能修飾成雙成對）不能修飾成雙成對）不能修飾成雙成對）不能修飾成雙成對）不能修飾成雙成對）不能修飾成雙成對以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：clothes, trousers, clothes, t

12、rousers, clothes, trousers, glasses . glasses . glasses . 不能說：不能說：不能說：不能說：不能說：不能說：two clothes, three trousers two clothes, three trousers two clothes, three trousers 但這些詞可以被不定量的限定詞修飾但這些詞可以被不定量的限定詞修飾但這些詞可以被不定量的限定詞修飾但這些詞可以被不定量的限定詞修飾但這些詞可以被不定量的限定詞修飾但這些詞可以被不定量的限定詞修飾: : : some trousers, many glasses some

13、 trousers, many glasses some trousers, many glasses 也可以表個體：也可以表個體：也可以表個體：也可以表個體：也可以表個體：也可以表個體：a pair of trousers , a a pair of trousers , a a pair of trousers , a pair of glasses, a suit of clothes pair of glasses, a suit of clothes pair of glasses, a suit of clothes 然而，然而，然而，然而，然而，然而，shoes/socks sh

14、oes/socks shoes/socks 雖然成雙，卻可以分雖然成雙，卻可以分雖然成雙，卻可以分雖然成雙，卻可以分雖然成雙，卻可以分雖然成雙，卻可以分開，因此可以被基數(shù)詞（包括開，因此可以被基數(shù)詞（包括開，因此可以被基數(shù)詞（包括開，因此可以被基數(shù)詞（包括開，因此可以被基數(shù)詞（包括開，因此可以被基數(shù)詞（包括 bothbothboth）修飾。）修飾。）修飾。）修飾。）修飾。）修飾。 如：如：如：如：如：如：one shoe, both shoes, a pair of shoes, one shoe, both shoes, a pair of shoes, one shoe, both sho

15、es, a pair of shoes, many shoes. many shoes. many shoes. 2 2 2）有些不可數(shù)名詞有相應(yīng)的名詞表其個）有些不可數(shù)名詞有相應(yīng)的名詞表其個）有些不可數(shù)名詞有相應(yīng)的名詞表其個）有些不可數(shù)名詞有相應(yīng)的名詞表其個）有些不可數(shù)名詞有相應(yīng)的名詞表其個）有些不可數(shù)名詞有相應(yīng)的名詞表其個體。如：體。如：體。如：體。如：體。如：體。如： bread - a loaf bread - a loaf bread - a loaf work - a job work - a job work - a job clothing - a garment clothi

16、ng - a garment clothing - a garment poetry - a poem poetry - a poem poetry - a poem traffic - a vehicle traffic - a vehicle traffic - a vehicle jewellery jewellery jewellery - a jewel - a jewel - a jewel advice a suggestion advice a suggestion advice a suggestion machinery a machine machinery a mach

17、ine machinery a machine二二二二二二. . .同一名詞作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的同一名詞作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的同一名詞作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的同一名詞作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的同一名詞作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的同一名詞作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的意義差別：意義差別：意義差別：意義差別：意義差別：意義差別： 1 1 1）某些名詞在不同的場合下分別用作可）某些名詞在不同的場合下分別用作可）某些名詞在不同的場合下分別用作可）某些名詞在不同的場合下分別用作可）某些名詞在不同的場合下分別用作可）某些名詞在不同的場合下分別用作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，分別表不同的意數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，分別表不同

18、的意數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，分別表不同的意數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，分別表不同的意數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，分別表不同的意數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，分別表不同的意義。例如：義。例如：義。例如：義。例如：義。例如：義。例如： 1.Paper1.Paper1.Paper was first made by the ancient was first made by the ancient was first made by the ancient Chinese. Chinese. Chinese. 2.Each student has got a test 2.Each student has got a test

19、2.Each student has got a test paper.paper.paper. 3.The hall is beautiful with all the 3.The hall is beautiful with all the 3.The hall is beautiful with all the doors made of doors made of doors made of glassglassglass. . . 4.The waiter brought me 4.The waiter brought me 4.The waiter brought me a gla

20、ssa glassa glass and and and poured milk into it.poured milk into it.poured milk into it.5. The cottage is on 5. The cottage is on 5. The cottage is on firefirefire. . . 6. The girl is learning how to make 6. The girl is learning how to make 6. The girl is learning how to make a a a firefirefire. .

21、. 7. The house is being pulled down to 7. The house is being pulled down to 7. The house is being pulled down to make make make roomroomroom for the new highway. for the new highway. for the new highway. 8. The couple will move into a new 8. The couple will move into a new 8. The couple will move in

22、to a new roomroomroom. . . 9. Women usually pay more attention to 9. Women usually pay more attention to 9. Women usually pay more attention to dressdressdress than men do . than men do . than men do . 10. She has longed for an evening 10. She has longed for an evening 10. She has longed for an even

23、ing dress.dress.dress.2 2 2） 有些名詞，尤其是物質(zhì)名詞，作不有些名詞，尤其是物質(zhì)名詞，作不有些名詞，尤其是物質(zhì)名詞，作不有些名詞，尤其是物質(zhì)名詞，作不有些名詞，尤其是物質(zhì)名詞，作不有些名詞，尤其是物質(zhì)名詞，作不可數(shù)名詞表事物的概念，而做可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞表事物的概念，而做可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞表事物的概念，而做可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞表事物的概念，而做可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞表事物的概念，而做可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞表事物的概念，而做可數(shù)名詞時表時表時表時表時表時表事物的個體事物的個體事物的個體事物的個體事物的個體事物的個體，其復(fù)數(shù)形式往往表，其復(fù)數(shù)形式往往表，其復(fù)數(shù)形式往往表，其復(fù)數(shù)形式往往表，

24、其復(fù)數(shù)形式往往表，其復(fù)數(shù)形式往往表事事事事事事物的種類物的種類物的種類物的種類物的種類物的種類。例如；。例如；。例如；。例如；。例如；。例如； 1.Mike is a handsome boy with black 1.Mike is a handsome boy with black 1.Mike is a handsome boy with black hairhairhair. The young man has got quite a few . The young man has got quite a few . The young man has got quite a few

25、grey grey grey hairshairshairs. . . 2. The doctor advised eating some 2. The doctor advised eating some 2. The doctor advised eating some fruit fruit fruit after a meal. after a meal. after a meal. There are different kinds of There are different kinds of There are different kinds of fruits fruits f

26、ruits for for for you to choose from. you to choose from. you to choose from. 3. He likes his 3. He likes his 3. He likes his coffeecoffeecoffee served with milk. served with milk. served with milk. Waiter, Waiter, Waiter, two coffeestwo coffeestwo coffees , please. , please. , please. 3) 3) 3) 有些不可

27、數(shù)名詞在作可數(shù)名詞時常常有些不可數(shù)名詞在作可數(shù)名詞時常常有些不可數(shù)名詞在作可數(shù)名詞時常常有些不可數(shù)名詞在作可數(shù)名詞時常常有些不可數(shù)名詞在作可數(shù)名詞時常常有些不可數(shù)名詞在作可數(shù)名詞時常常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)表示更為擴(kuò)大的意義。以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)表示更為擴(kuò)大的意義。以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)表示更為擴(kuò)大的意義。以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)表示更為擴(kuò)大的意義。以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)表示更為擴(kuò)大的意義。以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)表示更為擴(kuò)大的意義。例如：例如：例如：例如：例如：例如： 1. There is life where there is 1. There is life where there is 1. There is life where

28、there is waterwaterwater. . . Fish are no longer found in the polluted Fish are no longer found in the polluted Fish are no longer found in the polluted waterswaterswaters. . . Our ship is sailing in theOur ship is sailing in theOur ship is sailing in the waters waters waters of the of the of the Ea

29、st China Sea. East China Sea. East China Sea. 2. The children were playing with 2. The children were playing with 2. The children were playing with sandsandsand all afternoon. all afternoon. all afternoon. He walked along the He walked along the He walked along the sandssandssands, enjoying the , en

30、joying the , enjoying the setting sun. setting sun. setting sun. 3. The road was covered with 3. The road was covered with 3. The road was covered with snowsnowsnow. . . We could see We could see We could see snowssnowssnows here and there at here and there at here and there at the top of the mounta

31、in. the top of the mountain. the top of the mountain. 4) 4) 4) 有些不可數(shù)名詞，特別是表示自然現(xiàn)有些不可數(shù)名詞，特別是表示自然現(xiàn)有些不可數(shù)名詞，特別是表示自然現(xiàn)有些不可數(shù)名詞，特別是表示自然現(xiàn)有些不可數(shù)名詞，特別是表示自然現(xiàn)有些不可數(shù)名詞，特別是表示自然現(xiàn)象的名詞，常可以和不定冠詞和形容詞象的名詞，?？梢院筒欢ü谠~和形容詞象的名詞，?？梢院筒欢ü谠~和形容詞象的名詞，?？梢院筒欢ü谠~和形容詞象的名詞，?？梢院筒欢ü谠~和形容詞象的名詞，常可以和不定冠詞和形容詞連用，表單數(shù)概念。例如：連用，表單數(shù)概念。例如：連用，表單數(shù)概念。例如：連用，

32、表單數(shù)概念。例如：連用，表單數(shù)概念。例如：連用，表單數(shù)概念。例如： a heavy rain/ a heavy snow/ a heavy a heavy rain/ a heavy snow/ a heavy a heavy rain/ a heavy snow/ a heavy smoke/ a good sweat/ a thick fog/ a good smoke/ a good sweat/ a thick fog/ a good smoke/ a good sweat/ a thick fog/ a good light/ a great fire/ a clear skylig

33、ht/ a great fire/ a clear skylight/ a great fire/ a clear sky三三三三三三. . .用作可數(shù)名詞的用作可數(shù)名詞的用作可數(shù)名詞的用作可數(shù)名詞的用作可數(shù)名詞的用作可數(shù)名詞的 抽象名詞抽象名詞抽象名詞抽象名詞抽象名詞抽象名詞 1. 1. 1.抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞，但抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞，但抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞，但抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞，但抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞，但抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞，但有些抽象名詞可以具體化，用作可數(shù)有些抽象名詞可以具體化，用作可數(shù)有些抽象名詞可以具體化，用作可數(shù)有些抽象名詞可以具體化，用作可數(shù)有些抽象

34、名詞可以具體化，用作可數(shù)有些抽象名詞可以具體化，用作可數(shù)名詞，表示名詞，表示名詞，表示名詞，表示名詞，表示名詞，表示 “. . . 的人的人的人的人的人的人/ / /事事事事事事 ”, , ,例如：例如：例如：例如：例如：例如： Failure is the mother of Failure is the mother of Failure is the mother of successsuccesssuccess. . . We are sure of We are sure of We are sure of success success success. . . We have a

35、chieved greatWe have achieved greatWe have achieved great successes successes successes in the in the in the past few years.past few years.past few years.His plans ended in His plans ended in His plans ended in failure.failure.failure. He wasnt discouraged in spite of his He wasnt discouraged in spi

36、te of his He wasnt discouraged in spite of his failuresfailuresfailures. . . The officers led their man to The officers led their man to The officers led their man to victoryvictoryvictory in battle. in battle. in battle. The news of The news of The news of victoriesvictoriesvictories kept coming in

37、 . kept coming in . kept coming in . He collects stamps for He collects stamps for He collects stamps for pleasurepleasurepleasure. . . Its been Its been Its been a pleasurea pleasurea pleasure to talk to you. to talk to you. to talk to you. The athlete tried to win The athlete tried to win The athl

38、ete tried to win honorhonorhonor for his country. for his country. for his country. I feel it I feel it I feel it an honoran honoran honor to make a speech here. to make a speech here. to make a speech here.He is He is He is an honoran honoran honor to his parents. to his parents. to his parents. 類似

39、的詞有：類似的詞有：類似的詞有：類似的詞有：類似的詞有：類似的詞有：surprise ,pity surprise ,pity surprise ,pity 但但但但但但 fun fun fun 作開心的人或事仍是作開心的人或事仍是作開心的人或事仍是作開心的人或事仍是作開心的人或事仍是作開心的人或事仍是uncountable uncountable uncountable 2. 2. 2.有些抽象名詞可以用作可數(shù)名詞或不有些抽象名詞可以用作可數(shù)名詞或不有些抽象名詞可以用作可數(shù)名詞或不有些抽象名詞可以用作可數(shù)名詞或不有些抽象名詞可以用作可數(shù)名詞或不有些抽象名詞可以用作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但表不

40、同的意義，例如：可數(shù)名詞，但表不同的意義，例如：可數(shù)名詞，但表不同的意義，例如：可數(shù)名詞，但表不同的意義，例如：可數(shù)名詞，但表不同的意義，例如：可數(shù)名詞，但表不同的意義，例如： She has much She has much She has much experienceexperienceexperience in teaching in teaching in teaching childrens English. childrens English. childrens English. Walking across the desert is Walking across the

41、desert is Walking across the desert is an exciting an exciting an exciting experience. experience. experience. Energy is important to the development Energy is important to the development Energy is important to the development of of of industryindustryindustry. . . Fishing is Fishing is Fishing is

42、an important industryan important industryan important industry in this in this in this country./The tourist trade has become country./The tourist trade has become country./The tourist trade has become a a a real industry. real industry. real industry. 四四四四四四. . .名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù) 英語名詞可分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)

43、：單數(shù)表英語名詞可分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)：單數(shù)表英語名詞可分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)：單數(shù)表英語名詞可分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)：單數(shù)表英語名詞可分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)：單數(shù)表英語名詞可分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)：單數(shù)表示示示示示示 一一一一一一 ；復(fù)數(shù)表示；復(fù)數(shù)表示；復(fù)數(shù)表示；復(fù)數(shù)表示；復(fù)數(shù)表示；復(fù)數(shù)表示 多于一多于一多于一多于一多于一多于一 。一以下亦。一以下亦。一以下亦。一以下亦。一以下亦。一以下亦為單數(shù)，一以上即為復(fù)數(shù)。如：為單數(shù)，一以上即為復(fù)數(shù)。如：為單數(shù)，一以上即為復(fù)數(shù)。如：為單數(shù)，一以上即為復(fù)數(shù)。如：為單數(shù)，一以上即為復(fù)數(shù)。如：為單數(shù)，一以上即為復(fù)數(shù)。如：one half one half one half day , one day ,

44、one and a half days , two day , one day , one and a half days , two day , one day , one and a half days , two days , one or two days days , one or two days days , one or two days 名詞的數(shù)（作主語時）名詞的數(shù)（作主語時）名詞的數(shù)（作主語時）名詞的數(shù)（作主語時）名詞的數(shù)（作主語時）名詞的數(shù)（作主語時） 決定謂語動決定謂語動決定謂語動決定謂語動決定謂語動決定謂語動詞的數(shù)（即用單數(shù)謂語動詞還是用復(fù)數(shù)詞的數(shù)（即用單數(shù)謂語動詞還

45、是用復(fù)數(shù)詞的數(shù)（即用單數(shù)謂語動詞還是用復(fù)數(shù)詞的數(shù)（即用單數(shù)謂語動詞還是用復(fù)數(shù)詞的數(shù)（即用單數(shù)謂語動詞還是用復(fù)數(shù)詞的數(shù)（即用單數(shù)謂語動詞還是用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞）謂語動詞）謂語動詞）謂語動詞）謂語動詞）謂語動詞） 。詳見（主謂一致）。詳見（主謂一致）。詳見（主謂一致）。詳見（主謂一致）。詳見（主謂一致）。詳見（主謂一致）1. 1. 1.名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成 可數(shù)名詞一般有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形可數(shù)名詞一般有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形可數(shù)名詞一般有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形可數(shù)名詞一般有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形可數(shù)名詞一般有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形可數(shù)名詞一般有單數(shù)和復(fù)

46、數(shù)兩種形式。構(gòu)成名詞復(fù)數(shù)的方法分式。構(gòu)成名詞復(fù)數(shù)的方法分式。構(gòu)成名詞復(fù)數(shù)的方法分式。構(gòu)成名詞復(fù)數(shù)的方法分式。構(gòu)成名詞復(fù)數(shù)的方法分式。構(gòu)成名詞復(fù)數(shù)的方法分規(guī)則變規(guī)則變規(guī)則變規(guī)則變規(guī)則變規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化化和不規(guī)則變化化和不規(guī)則變化化和不規(guī)則變化化和不規(guī)則變化化和不規(guī)則變化。1 1 1） 規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化注意：注意：注意：注意：注意：注意： 以以以以以以 f /fef /fef /fe 結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)尾的名詞 以以以以以以 -ics-ics-ics 結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞結(jié)尾的

47、表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞一般用作單數(shù)一般用作單數(shù)一般用作單數(shù)一般用作單數(shù)一般用作單數(shù)一般用作單數(shù). . . 如如如如如如: mathematics, : mathematics, : mathematics, physics, politics. physics, politics. physics, politics. 某些以某些以某些以某些以某些以某些以-s -s -s 結(jié)尾指單一事物的專用名詞結(jié)尾指單一事物的專用名詞結(jié)尾指單一事物的專用名詞結(jié)尾指單一事物的專用名詞結(jié)尾指單一事物的專用名詞結(jié)尾指單一事物的專用名詞常用作單數(shù)常用作單數(shù)常用作單數(shù)常用作

48、單數(shù)常用作單數(shù)常用作單數(shù). . .如：如：如：如：如：如：the United States, the the United States, the the United States, the United NationsUnited NationsUnited Nations serf(s) serf(s) serf(s)農(nóng)奴農(nóng)奴農(nóng)奴農(nóng)奴農(nóng)奴農(nóng)奴 ( ( (的）的）的）的）的）的） chief(s)chief(s)chief(s)首領(lǐng)首領(lǐng)首領(lǐng)首領(lǐng)首領(lǐng)首領(lǐng)gulf(s) gulf(s) gulf(s) （站在）海灣（的）（站在）海灣（的）（站在）海灣（的）（站在）海灣（的）（站在）海灣（的）

49、（站在）海灣（的） roof(s)roof(s)roof(s)屋頂（上）屋頂（上）屋頂（上）屋頂（上）屋頂（上）屋頂（上） proof(s)proof(s)proof(s)證明證明證明證明證明證明safe(ssafe(ssafe(s保險箱保險箱保險箱保險箱保險箱保險箱) belief(s) belief(s) belief(s)信念信念信念信念信念信念handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieveshandkerchievesha

50、ndkerchieves scarf - scarfsscarf - scarfsscarf - scarfs / scarves / scarves / scarves 2 2 2）不規(guī)則變化。）不規(guī)則變化。）不規(guī)則變化。）不規(guī)則變化。）不規(guī)則變化。）不規(guī)則變化。 少數(shù)名詞的變化是不規(guī)則的少數(shù)名詞的變化是不規(guī)則的少數(shù)名詞的變化是不規(guī)則的少數(shù)名詞的變化是不規(guī)則的少數(shù)名詞的變化是不規(guī)則的少數(shù)名詞的變化是不規(guī)則的 child- children child- children child- children tooth -teeth tooth -teeth tooth -teeth foot -

51、 feet foot - feet foot - feet mouse - mice mouse - mice mouse - mice goose-geese ox-oxen goose-geese ox-oxen goose-geese ox-oxen man -men man -men man -men basis -bases German-Germans basis -bases German-Germans basis -bases German-Germans focus -foci / focuses focus -foci / focuses focus -foci / fo

52、cuses abacus -abaci / abacuses abacus -abaci / abacuses abacus -abaci / abacuses phenomenon - phenomena phenomenon - phenomena phenomenon - phenomena 復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成有四種情況復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成有四種情況復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成有四種情況復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成有四種情況復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成有四種情況復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成有四種情況 a. a. a. 以可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞以可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞以可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞以可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞以可

53、數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞以可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞, , ,直接加直接加直接加直接加直接加直接加 s . s . s . tooth-brush(estooth-brush(estooth-brush(es) boy-friend(s) store-) boy-friend(s) store-) boy-friend(s) store-keeper(s) motor -ambulance(s) keeper(s) motor -ambulance(s) keeper(s) motor -ambulance(s) b. b. b. 以可數(shù)名詞以可數(shù)名詞以可數(shù)名詞以可數(shù)名詞以可數(shù)名詞以可數(shù)名詞 + +

54、+ 介詞介詞介詞介詞介詞介詞( ( (短語短語短語短語短語短語) ) ) 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合構(gòu)成的復(fù)合構(gòu)成的復(fù)合構(gòu)成的復(fù)合構(gòu)成的復(fù)合構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞名詞名詞名詞名詞名詞, , ,將主要將主要將主要將主要將主要將主要 名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式 daughter-in -law - daughters-in -law daughter-in -law - daughters-in -law daughter-in -law - daughters-in -law looker -on - lookers -on looker -on -

55、 lookers -on looker -on - lookers -on passer by - passers by passer by - passers by passer by - passers by c. c. c. 動詞或過去分詞動詞或過去分詞動詞或過去分詞動詞或過去分詞動詞或過去分詞動詞或過去分詞 + + + 副詞副詞副詞副詞副詞副詞 構(gòu)成的復(fù)構(gòu)成的復(fù)構(gòu)成的復(fù)構(gòu)成的復(fù)構(gòu)成的復(fù)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞合名詞合名詞合名詞合名詞合名詞, , ,將最后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)形式將最后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)形式將最后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)形式將最后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)形式將最后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)形式將最后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)形式 gr

56、own-up -grown -ups grown-up -grown -ups grown-up -grown -ups breakdown - breakdowns breakdown - breakdowns breakdown - breakdowns d. d. d. 由由由由由由man man man 或或或或或或woman woman woman 作第一部分的復(fù)合詞，作第一部分的復(fù)合詞，作第一部分的復(fù)合詞，作第一部分的復(fù)合詞，作第一部分的復(fù)合詞，作第一部分的復(fù)合詞，將兩部分均變成復(fù)數(shù)形式將兩部分均變成復(fù)數(shù)形式將兩部分均變成復(fù)數(shù)形式將兩部分均變成復(fù)數(shù)形式將兩部分均變成復(fù)數(shù)形式將兩部分

57、均變成復(fù)數(shù)形式 woman doctor - women doctorswoman doctor - women doctorswoman doctor - women doctorsman servant - men servants man servant - men servants man servant - men servants man cook- men cooks man cook- men cooks man cook- men cooks 有些名詞單復(fù)同形有些名詞單復(fù)同形有些名詞單復(fù)同形有些名詞單復(fù)同形有些名詞單復(fù)同形有些名詞單復(fù)同形: : : Chinese, Japa

58、nese, sheep, means, deer, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, means, deer, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, means, deer, species, aircraft, series, fish species, aircraft, series, fish species, aircraft, series, fish 某些名詞在作某種特別意義解時常常某些名詞在作某種特別意義解時常常某些名詞在作某種特別意義解時常常某些名詞在作某種特別意義解時常常某些名詞在作某種特別意義解時常常某些名詞在作某種特別意義解時常常以復(fù)數(shù)形

59、式出現(xiàn)。如：以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。如：以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。如：以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。如：以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。如：以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。如：works(works(works(著作）著作）著作）著作）著作）著作） glassesglassesglasses（眼鏡）（眼鏡）（眼鏡）（眼鏡）（眼鏡）（眼鏡） arms (arms (arms (武器武器武器武器武器武器) forces () forces () forces (軍隊(duì)軍隊(duì)軍隊(duì)軍隊(duì)軍隊(duì)軍隊(duì)) ) ) brains (brains (brains (智力智力智力智力智力智力) stairs () stairs () stairs (樓梯樓梯樓梯樓梯樓梯樓梯) ash

60、es() ashes() ashes(灰燼灰燼灰燼灰燼灰燼灰燼) ) ) plastics(plastics(plastics(塑料制品塑料制品塑料制品塑料制品塑料制品塑料制品) goods() goods() goods(貨物貨物貨物貨物貨物貨物) troops) troops) troops( ( (部隊(duì)部隊(duì)部隊(duì)部隊(duì)部隊(duì)部隊(duì)) manners() manners() manners(禮貌禮貌禮貌禮貌禮貌禮貌) customs () customs () customs (海關(guān)海關(guān)海關(guān)海關(guān)海關(guān)海關(guān)) ) ) authorities(authorities(authorities(當(dāng)局當(dāng)局當(dāng)局