表語賓語從句

1、 名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語主語 His job is important.What he does is important.表語表語This is his job.This is what he does every day. 賓語賓語 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位語同位語 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名

2、詞從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses) 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任_等等 因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為詞從句又可分別稱為_。主語、賓語、表語、同位語主語、賓語、表語、同位語主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和和同位語從句同位語從句 名詞性從句名詞性從句 noun clause主語從句主語從句subject clause 賓語從句賓語從句object clause 表語從句表語從句predicative clause

3、 同位語從句同位語從句appositive clause在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類：賓語從句分為三類：動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的賓語從句賓語從句介詞的介詞的賓語從句賓語從句形容詞的形容詞的賓語從句賓語從句 1從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)⒒驅(qū)hat省省 略，直接與主句相連。略，直接與主句相連。 2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或或 whether。 3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑問

4、代、副詞作連接詞。等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。 從句做從句做動(dòng)詞賓語動(dòng)詞賓語 I think (that) he is right. I wonder whether he will come back. Can you work out how much we will spend this month？ Who do you think will go there? What gift do you suppose he will send her on her birthday?do you think/suppose/suggest 后接后接wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 時(shí)，把時(shí)，

5、把wh-疑問詞提前疑問詞提前可運(yùn)用形式賓語可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句代替的賓語從句 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有賓等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語語補(bǔ)足語 的時(shí)候的時(shí)候,則需要用則需要用it做形式賓語而將做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置賓語從句后置. I think it necessary that we (should) eat an apple every day. 我認(rèn)為我們每天吃一個(gè)蘋果有必要我認(rèn)為我們每天吃一個(gè)蘋果有必要I feel it a pity that I have missed that concert. 我錯(cuò)過了那場

6、我錯(cuò)過了那場,感覺非常遺憾感覺非常遺憾. I have made it a rule that I run before breakfast. 我每天早飯前跑步成了習(xí)慣我每天早飯前跑步成了習(xí)慣. We all find it important that we should find a solution to the problem.我們都認(rèn)為找出這個(gè)問題的解決方法很重要我們都認(rèn)為找出這個(gè)問題的解決方法很重要. 有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it 這類動(dòng)詞主要有這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, appreciate , owe, see to, d

7、islike. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話. I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.如果你用現(xiàn)金支付，我將十分感激如果你用現(xiàn)金支付，我將十分感激. When you look after the baby, you must see to it that he is within your sight. 務(wù)必使，保證務(wù)必使，保證Tom owed it to his father that he got the jo

8、b. 欠，歸功于欠，歸功于You can rely on it that he will come on time.介詞介詞后面常常接后面常常接wh-類賓語從句類賓語從句 We are talking about whether we will build a new school this year. 我們正在討論是否明年修建一所新學(xué)校我們正在討論是否明年修建一所新學(xué)校. The new book is about what we eat in daily life.這本新書是關(guān)于我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畛缘臇|西。這本新書是關(guān)于我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畛缘臇|西。翻譯：我們當(dāng)時(shí)住在你們現(xiàn)在稱為古希臘的地方。翻譯：我們

9、當(dāng)時(shí)住在你們現(xiàn)在稱為古希臘的地方。 介詞介詞except后可接后可接that, 引導(dǎo)賓語從句引導(dǎo)賓語從句I know nothing about Tom except that we studied in the same middle school.We lived in what you call “Ancient Greece”.形容詞形容詞的賓語從句的賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, sorry, surprised afraid, satisfied. I am sure (tha

10、t) I will pass the exam. 我確信我會(huì)通過考試我確信我會(huì)通過考試. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你. . 1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。 2.主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去對應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去對應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。 3. 從句是客觀真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。從句是客觀真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 I think he missed the best chance in his life.Tom said he had fi

11、nished the homework.Tom said he would finish the homework the next day. The teacher said light travels faster than sound.要求要求demand ;desire; request； require; 建議建議 suggest ;advise; propose; 命令命令 order; command堅(jiān)決主張堅(jiān)決主張 insist; 這一類詞接賓語從句， 從句為虛擬語氣should+vHe insisted that all the people should attend th

12、e meeting.whether和和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句 a. 有有or not的時(shí)候使用的時(shí)候使用whether,不用不用if. I dont know whether or not I will stay.I dont know whether/ if I will stay or not.b. 介詞介詞后面的賓語從句不能用后面的賓語從句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.c. 有動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)候。有動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)候。 I dont know whether to go there.whether和和if的使

13、用區(qū)別的使用區(qū)別在一個(gè)復(fù)合句中，在一個(gè)復(fù)合句中，從句從句作主句的作主句的表語成分表語成分.表語是什么？表語是什么？ 如何判斷？如何判斷？學(xué)習(xí)表語從句學(xué)習(xí)表語從句,要了解從句有什么涵義？要了解從句有什么涵義？ 表語是什么？表語是什么？表語表達(dá)身份，狀態(tài)表語表達(dá)身份，狀態(tài) ，特點(diǎn)，涵義的語言結(jié)構(gòu)，特點(diǎn)，涵義的語言結(jié)構(gòu) He is a teacher. 表身份表身份 He is tall. 表特點(diǎn)表特點(diǎn) I am at home now. 表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài) The problem is when he will come. 表涵義表涵義 如何判斷表語？如何判斷表語？ 表語接在表語接在系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞后面后面

14、 表語由表語由 形容詞，副詞，名詞，介詞短語，形容詞，副詞，名詞，介詞短語， 不定式，不定式， 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing，或者或者從句來充當(dāng)從句來充當(dāng)。從句從句有從句必然有主句有從句必然有主句兩個(gè)句子組兩個(gè)句子組成一個(gè)復(fù)合句子需要成一個(gè)復(fù)合句子需要 表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)主語主語+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+ 從句（從句（從句句首包含連詞從句句首包含連詞）The question is when he will come. 主語主語 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 表語從句表語從句 連詞連詞The problem is puzzling. 這個(gè)問題令人困惑這個(gè)問題令人困惑 The problem is how we can st

15、udy English well. 問題是我們?nèi)绾文軐W(xué)好英語。問題是我們?nèi)绾文軐W(xué)好英語。 主語主語 連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作表語一個(gè)句子作表語-表語從句表語從句He has become a teacher. 他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。 He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已經(jīng)成為了他他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。年前想成為的。 His suggestion is good.他的建議對我們有好處。他的建議對我們有好處。 His suggestion is that we should eat an apple

16、 a day.他的建議是我們應(yīng)該每天吃一個(gè)蘋果。他的建議是我們應(yīng)該每天吃一個(gè)蘋果。 The question is confusing. 這個(gè)問題令人困惑。這個(gè)問題令人困惑。The question is when he can arrive.問題是他什么時(shí)候能來。問題是他什么時(shí)候能來。1.從句為從句為陳述句陳述句,常選擇連接詞常選擇連接詞that, that不不 可以省略?？梢允÷浴?2.從句為從句為一般疑問句一般疑問句,選擇連接詞選擇連接詞whether. 3.從句為從句為特殊疑問句特殊疑問句,常選擇常選擇what, when, where, which, who, how等的疑問代、副等

17、的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。詞作連接詞。 His suggestion is that I should not eat too much. 陳述句陳述句The problem is whether he will come. 一般疑問句一般疑問句The problem is when he will come. 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句This kind of fruit is what I like most. 名詞性從句名詞性從句快速確定一個(gè)從句的方法就是找到連詞快速確定一個(gè)從句的方法就是找到連詞,連詞在系動(dòng)詞后，連詞接的句子就是從句連詞在系動(dòng)詞后，連詞接的句子就是從句.1.表語從句一定要用表語

18、從句一定要用陳述語序陳述語序。Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. 2.引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)要用引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)要用whether,不用不用if Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us. 3.如果表語從句的主語是如

19、果表語從句的主語是advice, suggestion, order, request, demand之類的詞之類的詞從句要用虛擬語氣從句要用虛擬語氣 His advice is that I (should) eat an apple in the morning every day.4.如何判斷表語從句如何判斷表語從句表語從句含有系動(dòng)詞表語從句含有系動(dòng)詞 并且從句是位于主句后并且從句是位于主句后The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的這把剪刀不是我所需要的 That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對你講的

20、那就是我想要對你講的 That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。那就是她考試不及格的原因。 The reason why I was late is that my bike went wrong.The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海上海) when B. why C. whether D. that 答案答案 D You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (2004) Why B. where C. what D. how 答案答案 B I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? (1999) why B. when C. what D. where 答案答案 A _ made t