名師指津年高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)第三部分寫作短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)破解謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤課件

1、謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞的的錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6 6：真題再練真題再練下列各小題中有且僅有一處錯(cuò)誤下列各小題中有且僅有一處錯(cuò)誤(多多1個(gè)單個(gè)單詞、少詞、少1個(gè)單詞、錯(cuò)個(gè)單詞、錯(cuò)1個(gè)單詞個(gè)單詞)，請(qǐng)指出并改，請(qǐng)指出并改正過來，然后說明理由。正過來，然后說明理由。1. (2015新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷I) When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 指小時(shí)候指小時(shí)候“想想”，用一般過去時(shí)，改后，用一般過去時(shí)，改后才與才與was, hoped時(shí)態(tài)一致。時(shí)態(tài)一致。thought2. (2014新課標(biāo)卷

2、新課標(biāo)卷I) Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing The fruits are small 自那以后到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。自那以后到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。have3.(2013新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷I) I was only four when she passes away. 由主句時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過去時(shí)。由主句時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過去時(shí)。4.(2012新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) Wh

3、en I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “Thats it. No more toys for you.”上下文謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)都是用一般過去時(shí)。上下文謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)都是用一般過去時(shí)。passedtore5.(2011新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) When I finally arrived at my friends he lent me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.上文謂語動(dòng)詞都是用一般過去時(shí)，而上文謂

4、語動(dòng)詞都是用一般過去時(shí)，而feel卻用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不一致。卻用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不一致。felt6. (2014新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷II) My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m. There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didnt need to do so much homework.據(jù)上文動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)可知，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。據(jù)上文動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)可知，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 dont7. (2013新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷II) This c

5、ustom soonbecomes another meal of the day. Interestingly, it had a connection with the British porcelain(瓷器瓷器) industry.由下文中的由下文中的had及語句意思可知，用及語句意思可知，用一般過去時(shí)。一般過去時(shí)。became8. (2015新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷II) A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.與前面的與前面的saw是并列謂語，用是并列謂語，用told。注意：。注意：考生易誤以為考生易誤

6、以為telling與與crying并列，如果并列，如果這樣，意思是講不通的。這樣，意思是講不通的。told9.(2014新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷II) We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music. 與與or前的前的lie并列，并列，sit也用原形。也用原形。 sit10. (2015新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷I) Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. 因因“研

7、究研究”與與“表明表明”是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。11. (2015新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷II) Tony was scaredand begun to cry.因因begin的過去時(shí)是的過去時(shí)是began?？忌资堋？忌资躠nd前面部分影響，以為也要跟前面部分影響，以為也要跟scared一樣一樣用過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其實(shí)，用過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其實(shí)，“湯湯姆姆”與與“開始哭開始哭”是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。began12. (2013新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷II) Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. 構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)

8、，用過去分詞。構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用過去分詞。drunk13. (2011新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) Luckily, I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.句中句中(that) I had是定語從句，主句主語是是定語從句，主句主語是clothes，為復(fù)數(shù)，故，為復(fù)數(shù)，故was改用改用were才主謂才主謂一致。一致。were14. (2014新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷II) My dream school look like a big garden. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語My drea

9、m是第三人稱是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要加單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要加s。15. (2015新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷I) We must found ways to protect the environment.在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(must)后用動(dòng)詞原形。后用動(dòng)詞原形。looksfind16. (2012新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I must make my toys last.更有耐心更有耐心, , 才才“可以可以”讓玩具持續(xù)更讓玩具持續(xù)更久。久。could /

10、might思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥 從真題再練來看，從真題再練來看，5年年8套題套題有有16道是謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)，平均每套道是謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)，平均每套2道題，可見謂語動(dòng)詞在短文改錯(cuò)中是道題，可見謂語動(dòng)詞在短文改錯(cuò)中是錯(cuò)得最多的，是最重要的考點(diǎn)。短文錯(cuò)得最多的，是最重要的考點(diǎn)。短文一般含一般含8到到10句話，對(duì)每句話的謂語句話，對(duì)每句話的謂語一定都要仔細(xì)研究。可按以下線索去一定都要仔細(xì)研究。可按以下線索去思考：思考：1. 查時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。查時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。遇到某個(gè)謂語遇到某個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)不一致動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)不一致時(shí)，十有八九是出錯(cuò)了，需仔細(xì)審時(shí)，十有八九是出錯(cuò)了，需仔細(xì)審查。如真題再練

11、查。如真題再練1，前面兩個(gè)動(dòng)，前面兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞was, hoped和后面的和后面的would都是過都是過去式，而去式，而think卻用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不卻用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不一致，就很可能錯(cuò)了，需重點(diǎn)核實(shí)。一致，就很可能錯(cuò)了，需重點(diǎn)核實(shí)。2. 查語態(tài)是否正確。查語態(tài)是否正確。當(dāng)主語是謂語動(dòng)當(dāng)主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，即謂語與主語詞的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，即謂語與主語在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞過去分詞”構(gòu)構(gòu)成。真題再練成。真題再練10、11、12題即考題即考查語態(tài)。查語態(tài)。(1)查該用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。如果是主動(dòng)語查該用主動(dòng)還是

12、被動(dòng)。如果是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，句中有行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能再用態(tài)，句中有行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能再用be。如。如真題再練真題再練10，“研究研究”與與“表明表明”是是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，已有行為動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)關(guān)系，已有行為動(dòng)詞show了，就不了，就不能再用能再用be，故刪除，故刪除been。(2)如果要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，看是否漏掉如果要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，看是否漏掉be；同時(shí)注意同時(shí)注意be的時(shí)態(tài)是否正確，主謂是否一的時(shí)態(tài)是否正確，主謂是否一致，過去分詞拼寫是否正確致，過去分詞拼寫是否正確(常誤寫成過常誤寫成過去式或原形去式或原形)。如真題再練。如真題再練12，就是，就是過去分詞的拼寫錯(cuò)誤。過去分詞的拼寫錯(cuò)誤。3. 查并列動(dòng)詞的形式是否一致。查

13、并列動(dòng)詞的形式是否一致。在在A and /or B或或A, B and C這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，A, B, C的形式應(yīng)一致，關(guān)鍵是要找的形式應(yīng)一致，關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)誰跟誰并列，不要找錯(cuò)對(duì)象，尤準(zhǔn)誰跟誰并列，不要找錯(cuò)對(duì)象，尤其當(dāng)句子有謂語動(dòng)詞又有非謂語動(dòng)其當(dāng)句子有謂語動(dòng)詞又有非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)更應(yīng)注意。如真題再練詞時(shí)更應(yīng)注意。如真題再練8、9。4. 查主謂是否一致。查主謂是否一致。有時(shí)雖然前后時(shí)有時(shí)雖然前后時(shí)態(tài)是一致的，但主謂不一致。如真態(tài)是一致的，但主謂不一致。如真題再練題再練13，主語，主語clothes是復(fù)數(shù)，謂是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞卻用單數(shù)語動(dòng)詞卻用單數(shù)was；真題再練；真題再練14，主語，主語My

14、dream school是第三人稱是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞look卻用復(fù)數(shù)卻用復(fù)數(shù)(原形原形)。5. 查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否用錯(cuò)。查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否用錯(cuò)。若有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，若有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，首先根據(jù)語境體會(huì)句子所表達(dá)的語氣與情首先根據(jù)語境體會(huì)句子所表達(dá)的語氣與情態(tài)，判斷是否用錯(cuò)了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如真題態(tài)，判斷是否用錯(cuò)了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如真題再練再練16，“我明白了，有了耐心，我就我明白了，有了耐心，我就一定讓我的玩具用得更久一定讓我的玩具用得更久”，玩具是否用，玩具是否用得久，還受本身的質(zhì)量或其他因素的影響，得久，還受本身的質(zhì)量或其他因素的影響，用用“一定一定(must)”語氣太強(qiáng)了，改用語氣太強(qiáng)了，改用“可能

15、可能(could)”更好。另外，我們知道，情態(tài)動(dòng)更好。另外，我們知道，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有三大特征：詞有三大特征：(1)后面一定要接動(dòng)詞原形，并與之一后面一定要接動(dòng)詞原形，并與之一起構(gòu)成謂語。起構(gòu)成謂語。(2)沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。(3)其疑問式或否定式不借助于其疑問式或否定式不借助于do。 因此，我們還要考慮作者是否因因此，我們還要考慮作者是否因不懂情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法而用錯(cuò)了。不懂情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法而用錯(cuò)了。如真題再練如真題再練15，must后接后接found，這就錯(cuò)了，應(yīng)改為原形這就錯(cuò)了，應(yīng)改為原形find?？键c(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)歸納 謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤不但每年必考，謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤不但每年必考，

16、而且考得最多，每套題中平均有兩處而且考得最多，每套題中平均有兩處錯(cuò)。到目前為止，僅考查了以下錯(cuò)。到目前為止，僅考查了以下8點(diǎn)：點(diǎn)：1. 前后謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。前后謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。2. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)中已有行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)卻多用主動(dòng)語態(tài)中已有行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)卻多用了了be。3. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)中或者完成時(shí)態(tài)中，過去分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)中或者完成時(shí)態(tài)中，過去分詞拼寫錯(cuò)。如：拼寫錯(cuò)。如：A little girl was hurted and her mother needed help. (2009大綱卷大綱卷II) 解析解析：“小女孩被弄傷小女孩被弄傷”，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)是，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)是對(duì)的，但對(duì)的，但hurt的過去式、過

17、去分詞與原形的過去式、過去分詞與原形是相同的，即是相同的，即hurthurthurt，故，故hurted錯(cuò)了，應(yīng)改為錯(cuò)了，應(yīng)改為hurt。hurtSince then we havent see each other much. But weve kept writing to each other. (2007新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷)解析：解析：由由since then (自那時(shí)起到現(xiàn)在自那時(shí)起到現(xiàn)在)可可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是正確的，但現(xiàn)在完成知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是正確的，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由時(shí)由“have+過去分詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成，故構(gòu)成，故see錯(cuò)了，錯(cuò)了，要改為要改為seen。seen4. 并列謂語的時(shí)態(tài)

18、形式應(yīng)該一致卻沒有并列謂語的時(shí)態(tài)形式應(yīng)該一致卻沒有一致。一致。5. 主語與謂語在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該一致主語與謂語在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該一致卻沒有一致。卻沒有一致。6. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后本應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形卻接了過情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后本應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形卻接了過去式，或者根本沒有動(dòng)詞。如：去式，或者根本沒有動(dòng)詞。如：So real friendship should able to standall sorts of tests. (2014大綱卷大綱卷)解析：解析：should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面一定是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面一定要跟動(dòng)詞原形，而要跟動(dòng)詞原形，而able是形容詞，故是形容詞，故應(yīng)加應(yīng)加be，構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成be able to(能

19、夠能夠)。be7. 虛擬語氣。如：虛擬語氣。如：My father was so pleased that he suggested I went to England for a holiday. 解析：解析：因表示因表示“提議，建議提議，建議”的的suggest后后的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用“(should +) do”,所以所以went要改為要改為go。go8. 命題人有時(shí)也會(huì)利用某些動(dòng)詞的過去式命題人有時(shí)也會(huì)利用某些動(dòng)詞的過去式與過去分詞拼寫相同，將一般過去時(shí)故意與過去分詞拼寫相同，將一般過去時(shí)故意誤寫成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要求考生刪除誤寫成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要求考生刪除hav

20、e或或has。如：。如：Li Ming came to see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. (2007新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷)解析：解析：由后面的并列句中的由后面的并列句中的moved可知，可知，change也用一般過去時(shí)，故刪除也用一般過去時(shí)，故刪除changed前的前的has。提醒：提醒： 時(shí)態(tài)只需注意前后一致，且只時(shí)態(tài)只需注意前后一致，且只需注意現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過去時(shí)就行了。如真題需注意現(xiàn)在時(shí)與過去時(shí)就行了。如真題再練再練2，根據(jù)，根據(jù)Since then (從那時(shí)起到現(xiàn)從

21、那時(shí)起到現(xiàn)在在)，或由下文，或由下文are growing, are small可知，可知，應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而had是過去時(shí)，應(yīng)改為是過去時(shí)，應(yīng)改為have即可。不必按現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在即可。不必按現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)這樣去理解。進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)這樣去理解?？键c(diǎn)練透考點(diǎn)練透1. (2010新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷)One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help. As the old man looked上下文都是用一般過去時(shí)，這里也改為一上下文都是

22、用一般過去時(shí)，這里也改為一般過去時(shí)才一致。般過去時(shí)才一致。came2. (2009新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) I remember askingfor a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on the second floor. 由語境可知，是由語境可知，是“找到找到”了。了。 found3. (2008新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷)We were organizing an art exhibition for high school students in the city. It w

23、ill be held on the 9th of July in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai.由上下文可知，是指現(xiàn)在正在組織藝展。由上下文可知，是指現(xiàn)在正在組織藝展。are4. (2007新課標(biāo)卷新課標(biāo)卷) Then I invited Li Ming to my place. We listen to my CDs togetherand soon became best friends. 前后都是用一般過去時(shí)。前后都是用一般過去時(shí)。listened5. (2014大綱卷大綱卷) All of us need friendship. The understa

24、nding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas 主語是主語是The understanding(第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù))。 means6. (2013大綱卷大綱卷)At home, my father often thinks Im silly. He said if I decide to do something, it takes him much time to stop me. 上下文謂語動(dòng)詞都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。上下文謂語動(dòng)詞都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。says7. (2012大綱卷大綱卷II) Water is imp

25、ortant.We cannot live without water Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. 上下文都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)上下文都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)seems8. (2011大綱卷大綱卷I) I hold my lunch-box in my hand when I was going to school. The smell from it was very good. 講述過去的事情講述過去的事情held9. (2011大綱卷大綱卷II) However, my father had to return to work on Mon

26、day so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. Itwas really a nice experience. 前后謂語都使用一般過去時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該前后謂語都使用一般過去時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該保持一致。保持一致。flew10. (2010大綱卷大綱卷I) It was All I had to do was My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was. 前后都是用過去時(shí)前后都是用過去時(shí)(一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí))，而，而這里卻用現(xiàn)在時(shí)這里卻用現(xiàn)在時(shí)(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))。 had11. (

27、2010大綱卷大綱卷II) I prepared She said it was the best gift she has ever had. 上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞都是用過去時(shí)，而上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞都是用過去時(shí)，而這里變成現(xiàn)在時(shí)這里變成現(xiàn)在時(shí)(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。had12. (2010大綱卷大綱卷II) Christie was one ofmy best friends at high school. At that time, we often spend time together. 上下文謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)都是一般過去上下文謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)都是一般過去時(shí)。時(shí)。spent13. I find

28、 that the neighborhood which I used to live in has changed a lot. The Sichuan Restaurant and the old fish shop across the street from our middle school were gone. 由上下文中的由上下文中的find, has changed等可知，等可知，用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變了，四川用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變了，四川餐館和老魚店現(xiàn)在不見了。餐館和老魚店現(xiàn)在不見了。are14. (2009大綱卷大綱卷II) Im sorry that I wasn

29、t able to return your bike on time yesterday.I mean to give it back to you before four inthe afternoon, but I was held up on my way back. 由上文由上文yesterday及與之并列的及與之并列的was held可可知，是對(duì)昨天情況的回顧，用一般過去知，是對(duì)昨天情況的回顧，用一般過去時(shí)，指昨天時(shí)，指昨天“本打算本打算”。meant15. (2008大綱卷大綱卷I) I win a national prize for painting last week. 與與

30、last week連用，用一般過去時(shí)。連用，用一般過去時(shí)。16. (2008大綱卷大綱卷II) Second, I will learn Third, since I was familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find their way in the city. 由上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞可知，要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。由上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞可知，要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。wonam17. (2007大綱卷大綱卷I) I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in mine and we wal

31、ked. Then I ask him, “Grandpa, how come you have so many lines on your hand?”上文動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，回憶六歲時(shí)發(fā)上文動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，回憶六歲時(shí)發(fā)生的事。生的事。asked18. (2007大綱卷大綱卷II) I meant to write a long letter and tell you all the things Im doing at school, but the bell was ringing, so I just have to stop here.句中句中meant用的是一般過去時(shí)，指用的是一般過去時(shí)，指“本打本打算，原打算算，原打算”寫一封長(zhǎng)信的，但現(xiàn)在鈴聲寫一封長(zhǎng)信的，但現(xiàn)在鈴聲響起來了。響起來了。is19. (2009大綱卷大綱卷I) The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinh